Impact of concentrations of glycated hemoglobin, α-tocopherol, copper, and manganese on oxidation of low-density lipoproteins in patients with type I diabetes, type II diabetes and control subjects

1996 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Leonhardt ◽  
Markolf Hanefeld ◽  
Grit Müller ◽  
Cornelia Hora ◽  
Dieter Meissner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Type I ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Diabetes Type Ii ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Exploitation of Absolute qPCR to Estimate Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Count in Human Gut as Indicator of Diabetic Mellitus Complication

2020 ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammed Al-Rawe ◽  
Ahmed AbdulJabbar Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Diabetes Type Ii ◽  
The Mean

     Diabetes mellitus is a form of metabolic disorder where patients are incapable to organize glucose metabolism. The most common types are Type I and Type II, constituting about 10% and 90% of cases, respectively. The cause of type I diabetes, which usually spreads in children and adolescents, is the disability of the endocrine system to produce insulin. On the other hand, The most common type of diabetes,  type II diabetes, is often presented in adults. It is usually presented as a collection of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. This work was done to estimate the count of microbiota in diabetics to find an appraoch for detection and follow-up treatment. The count of two types of bacteria Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium was determined using qPCR based on the standard curve that was created from the serial decimal dilution of samples containing an unknown number of bacteria taken from probiotic capsules. The main results of this study show that the Lactobacillus count was affected by diabetes types, where a decrease was observed in the mean value in the case of diabetes type I group (32978.13) compared with the control group (610680.26). The mean value in diabetes type II was close to that of the control group (682199.27). While, the count of the Bifidobacterium showed a significant reduction in the mean value in both type I and type II diabetes groups (7521.70, 51880.82, respectively), compared with the control group (63405999.00).

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus incidence and prevalence in Moscow

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Kuraeva ◽  
A. S. Sergeev ◽  
N. B. Lebedev ◽  
G. Yu. Babadzhanova ◽  
N. B. Kerimi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Diabetes Type Ii ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey

Epidemiologic survey of two diabetes mellitus types in Moscow has shown that the incidence of type I diabetes markedly increases from birth (0.012-0.013%) to the age of 10-14 (0.04-0.045 %), after which somewhat reduces (0.02-0.03 %) and thus persists up to 40. Type I diabetes prevalence increases from 0.002-0.004 % at the age of 0 to 4 years to 0.14-0.092 % by the age of 35-39 in men and women, respectively. Type II diabetes is diagnosed after the age of 20. At the age of 20 to 24 this diabetes incidence is lower than that of type I condition; at the age of 25-34 the incidence of both is approximately the same, and after 35 the incidence of type II is much higher than that of type I diabetes. Type II diabetes prevalence by the age of 40 is 0.074 and 0.122% in men and women, respectively. Prevalence of diabetes cases treated with diets and oral sugar-reducing drugs at the age 75 and older is 4.3 % in men and 5.5 % in women, of insulin- treated cases 1.2 and 0.5 %, respectively. The true prevalence of type II diabetes is however higher and that of type I condition lower than the resultant values; this is explained by a frequent prescription of insulin to elderly patients with type II diabetes because of complications or concomitant diseases.  

scholarly journals Cancer Biology and Prevention in Diabetes

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swayam Prakash Srivastava ◽  
Julie E. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

The available evidence suggests a complex relationship between diabetes and cancer. Epidemiological data suggest a positive correlation, however, in certain types of cancer, a more complex picture emerges, such as in some site-specific cancers being specific to type I diabetes but not to type II diabetes. Reports share common and differential mechanisms which affect the relationship between diabetes and cancer. We discuss the use of antidiabetic drugs in a wide range of cancer therapy and cancer therapeutics in the development of hyperglycemia, especially antineoplastic drugs which often induce hyperglycemia by targeting insulin/IGF-1 signaling. Similarly, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), a well-known target in type II diabetes mellitus, has differential effects on cancer types. Past studies suggest a protective role of DPP-4 inhibitors, but recent studies show that DPP-4 inhibition induces cancer metastasis. Moreover, molecular pathological mechanisms of cancer in diabetes are currently largely unclear. The cancer-causing mechanisms in diabetes have been shown to be complex, including excessive ROS-formation, destruction of essential biomolecules, chronic inflammation, and impaired healing phenomena, collectively leading to carcinogenesis in diabetic conditions. Diabetes-associated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contribute to cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) formation in tumors, allowing the epithelium and endothelium to enable tumor cell extravasation. In this review, we discuss the risk of cancer associated with anti-diabetic therapies, including DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors, and the role of catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT), AMPK, and cell-specific glucocorticoid receptors in cancer biology. We explore possible mechanistic links between diabetes and cancer biology and discuss new therapeutic approaches.

Plasma endothelin-1 and total insulin exposure in diabetes mellitus

1999 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming WOLLESEN ◽  
Lars BERGLUND ◽  
Christian BERNE
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Albumin Excretion Rate ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Insulin stimulates endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in a dose-response relationship, and ET-1 effects on vascular wall structure are similar to the long-term complications of diabetes. We therefore determined whether the plasma ET-1 concentration in patients with diabetes is associated with their total insulin exposure to see if plasma ET-1 might be a link between insulin exposure and long-term complications of diabetes. We studied 69 patients with Type I and 40 patients with Type II diabetes mellitus in equally tight glycaemic control for 2 years in a cross-sectional design. We measured basal and glucagon-stimulated plasma C-peptide, abdominal sagittal diameter, skinfold thickness, glomerular filtration rate, albumin excretion rate and standard clinical characteristics. Mean HbA1c was 6.4% in Type I and 6.3% in Type II diabetes. Patients with an albumin excretion rate > 300 μg/min were excluded. Adjusted mean plasma ET-1 was 4.11 (S.E.M. 0.39) pg/ml in 21 normal subjects, 3.47 (0.19) pg/ml in Type I diabetes and 4.84 (0.26) pg/ml in Type II diabetes (P = 0.0001). In all patients with measurable plasma C-peptide, plasma ET-1 was associated with basal plasma C-peptide (r = 0.5018, P < 0.0001), with stimulated plasma C-peptide (r = 0.5379, P < 0.0001), and with total daily insulin dose (r = 0.2219, P = 0.00851). Abdominal obesity, metabolic abnormalities, blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate were not associated with plasma ET-1, when corrected for C-peptide and daily insulin dose. Our study shows that the plasma concentration of ET-1 is closely associated with insulin secretion and insulin dose in patients with diabetes. Plasma ET-1 is higher in Type II diabetes than in Type I diabetes. Increased insulin exposure in patients with diabetes may have long-term effects on vascular wall structure through its stimulation of ET-1 expression.

Sitagliptin (Januvia)

Top Drugs ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jack Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ancient Times

Diabetes has been known since antiquity. In fact, the term “diabetes mellitus” comes from the Greek meaning “siphon and honey” due to the excess excretion (siphon or faucet) of hyperglycemic (sweetened, or honeyed) urine associated with diabetes. In ancient times, diabetes was mostly type I, which usually manifests acutely in the young, secondary to certain underlying insults (possibly infections) to the islet cells of the pancreas resulting in an absolute lack of insulin. Insulin was discovered by Banting and Best in 1921, and insulin injection has literally saved millions of lives since then. With the wondrous efficacy that insulin bestows, type I diabetes is largely controlled because type I diabetes is insulindependent. However, type II diabetes, a more prevalent form of diabetes, is not insulin-dependent. In ancient times, when nutrition was scarce and obesity was not prevalent, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was extremely rare. Indeed, type II diabetes is a disease more frequently associated with maturity, obesity, and gradually increasing blood glucose concentrations, and it may be asymptomatic for some time, only discovered on routine glucose screening. In fact, with the increasing body weight of the general population of the developed world, type II diabetes is becoming an epidemic. Serious complications of diabetes include nephropathy (kidney diseases), neuropathy (nerve damage), and retinopathy (blindness). Diabetes is the most common cause of blindness and amputation in the elderly in the United States. Oral diabetes drugs are required for most type II diabetic patients. Diabetes drugs may be classified into four categories: (a) agents that augment the supply of insulin such as sulfonylureas; (b) agents that enhance the effectiveness of insulin such as biguanides and thiazolidinediones; (c) GLP agonists; and (d) DPP4 Inhibitors. The efficacy of all the antidiabetic drugs can be monitored by measuring glycosylated hemoglobin (HaA1c) as a long term marker of elevated blood glucose. The amount of HaA1c reflects the average level over the last 120 days, the life span of a red blood cell, and should remain below 7%.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Moskalenko ◽  
O. V. Smirnova ◽  
E. V. Kasparov ◽  
I. E. Kasparova
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Psychological Techniques ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Depressive States

The article is devoted to the study of psychoemotional characteristics of patients with diabetes mellitus. Conducting psychological techniques, testing, questioning patients will reveal anxiety-depressive states and psychological characteristics of patients with type I diabetes and type II diabetes for successful disease control. It is necessary to strive for the examination of such patients with an individual approach for each. To improve the quality of life of such patients, it is necessary to search for effective approaches in the education system of patients with type I diabetes and type II diabetes with the participation of psychologists.

scholarly journals Creatine Kinase Activity in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type I and Type II

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adlija Jevrić-Čaušević ◽  
Maja Malenica ◽  
Tanja Dujić
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii ◽  
Diabetes Type Ii ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus can be looked upon as an array of diseases, all of which exhibit common symptoms. While pathogenesis of IDDM (insulin dependant diabetes mellitus) is well understood, the same is not true for diabetes mellitus type II. In the latter case, relative contribution of the two factors (insulin resistance or decreased insulin secretion) varies individually, being highly increased in peripheral tissues and strictly dependant on insulin for glucose uptake. Moreover, in patients with diabetes mellitus type II, disbalance at the level of regulation of glucose metabolism as well as lipid metabolism has been noted in skeletal muscles. It is normal to assume that in this type of diabetes, these changes are reflected at the level of total activity of enzyme creatine kinase. This experimental work was performed on a group of 80 regular patients of Sarajevo General Hospital. Forty of those patients were classified as patients with diabetes type I and forty as patients with diabetes type II. Each group of patients was carefully chosen and constituted of equal number of males and females. The same was applied for adequate controls. Concentration of glucose was determined for each patient with GOD method, while activity of creatine kinase was determined with CK-NAC activated kit. Statistical analysis of the results was performed with SPSS software for Windows. Obtained results point out highly expressed differences in enzyme activity between two populations examined. Changes in enzyme activity are more expressed in patients with diabetes type II. Positive correlation between concentration of glucose and serum activity of the enzyme is seen in both categories of diabetic patients which is not the case for the patients in control group. At the same time, correlation between age and type of diabetes does exist . This is not followed at the level of enzyme activity or concentration of glucose.

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