Characterization of HIV infection and seroconversion by a stochastic model of the HIV epidemic

1995 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai-Yuan Tan ◽  
Sho Rong Lee ◽  
Si Chin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

scholarly journals Characteristics of the epidemic process and the leading risk factors for HIV infection in conditions of a large metropolis

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
V. V Naumenko ◽  
T. V Sologub ◽  
V. V Tsvetkov ◽  
L. M Tsybalova
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Central District ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The City ◽  
Late Detection

The HIV epidemic has been going on for nearly thirty years, it is a heterogeneous, dynamic and highly resistant to countermeasures. The Leningrad Region and the city of St. Petersburg today are referred to the most affected regions of the Russian Federation, as nearly 1% of the population of this city has HIVpositive status. Despite the decline in the HIV infection incidence of the resident population of the Central District, the epidemiological situation for HIV infection remains to be tense, due to the increase in the cumulative number of HIV-infected and AIDS patients, the increase ofthe morbidity rate and mortality in co-infected patients with HIV/tuberculosis, activation of the output of the epidemic in vulnerable groups into the general population. At the same time, a cohort of HIV-infected patients with a high risk of late detection of tuberculosis continues to form

Analysis of the Competence in Prevention of the Spread of HIV Infection among High School Students of the Nizhny Novgorod Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
EE Kuzovatova ◽  
NN Zaitseva
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
School Students ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
General Competence ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

Introduction: Solution of the problem of prevention of the spread of HIV infection among adolescents and young adults is associated, inter alia, with systemic implementation of primary prevention strategies in educational establishments aimed at developing the necessary level of expertise in health risk management in students. The objective of our study was to determine the level of competence of adolescents in the field of HIV spread prevention Materials and methods: The technique of an online survey was used to establish the competence of high school students aged 15–17 living in the Nizhny Novgorod Region and to compare its level between boys and girls. Results: The level of competence was determined by four basic scales (emotional, cognitive, practical, and the scale of actions) and the additional scale of erudition. The level of general competence of the respondents was found to be high. Girls had significantly higher scores by all scales (p < 0.001) compared to boys. The erudition component was most prominent in both subgroups. The emotional component (empathy) was more important for girls. We noted differences in the significance of individual aspects of the assessed competence. Of the four priority strategies of HIV epidemic spread prevention, the respondents chose health care management and effective interaction of responsible structures as key factors in disease spread stop (р < 0.001). Conclusion: Promoting competence in HIV spread prevention among students for their effective social interaction in HIV related issues is an important outcome of preventive activities at schools. The content and forms of their implementation should facilitate students’ ability and readiness to self-protection, self-improvement, and mastering skills of predictive behaviour. Evaluating the level of competence and intensity of its components, setting priorities in choosing areas of applying efforts to reduce the risk of HIV epidemic growth can make prevention efforts more targeted.

Characterization of gp120 Hydrolysis by IgA Antibodies from Humans without HIV Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1541-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Planque ◽  
Yukie Mitsuda ◽  
Hiroaki Taguchi ◽  
Maria Salas ◽  
Mary-Kate Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Iga Antibodies

Characterization of the In Vitro Maturation of Monocytes and the Susceptibility to HIV Infection

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 977-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO VALENTIN ◽  
SHUNJI MATSUDA ◽  
BIRGITTA ASJO
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
In Vitro Maturation

scholarly journals Characterization of an Effective CTL Response against HIV and SIV Infections

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meritxell Genescà
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Ctl Response ◽  
Mucosal Tissues ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Face ◽  
Portal Of Entry

A vaccine inducing protective immunity in mucosal tissues and secretions may stop or limit HIV infection. Although cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are clearly associated with control of viral replication in HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections, there are examples of uncontrolled viral replication in the face of strong CD8+T-cell responses. The number of functions, breadth, avidity, and magnitude of CTL response are likely to be important factors in the effectiveness of anti-HIV T-cell response, but the location and persistence of effector CD8+T cells are also critical factors. Although the only HIV vaccine clinical trial targeting cellular immunity to prevent HIV infection failed, vaccine strategies using persistent agents against pathogenic mucosal challenge in macaque models are showing unique success. Thus, the key to control the initial focus of viral replication at the portal of entry may rely on the continuous generation of effector CTL responses at mucosal level.

scholarly journals The Molecular Characterization of Intestinal Explant HIV Infection Using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 981-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Janocko ◽  
Andrew D. Althouse ◽  
Rhonda M. Brand ◽  
Ross D. Cranston ◽  
Ian McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Stochastic Dosimetry for the Assessment of Children Exposure to Uniform 50 Hz Magnetic Field with Uncertain Orientation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Chiaramello ◽  
S. Fiocchi ◽  
P. Ravazzani ◽  
M. Parazzini
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Children Exposure ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This study focused on the evaluation of the exposure of children aging from five to fourteen years to 50 Hz homogenous magnetic field uncertain orientation using stochastic dosimetry. Surrogate models allowed assessing how the variation of the orientation of the magnetic field influenced the induced electric field in each tissue of the central nervous system (CNS) and in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of children. Results showed that the electric field induced in CNS and PNS tissues of children were within the ICNIRP basic restrictions for general public and that no significant difference was found in the level of exposure of children of different ages when considering 10000 possible orientations of the magnetic field. A “mean stochastic model,” useful to estimate the level of exposure in each tissue of a representative child in the range of age from five to fourteen years, was developed. In conclusion, this study was useful to deepen knowledge about the ELF-MF exposure, including the evaluation of variable and uncertain conditions, thus representing a step towards a more realistic characterization of the exposure to EMF.

Characterization of genital human papillomavirus infection in women who have or who are at risk of having HIV infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise J. Jamieson ◽  
Ann Duerr ◽  
Robert Burk ◽  
Robert S. Klein ◽  
Pangaja Paramsothy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection

scholarly journals Undiagnosed AIDS in Patients with Progressive Dyspnoea: An Occupational Risk for Healthcare Workers in Croatia

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelija Miše ◽  
Maja Vučković ◽  
Anamarija Jurčev-Savičević ◽  
Ivan Gudelj ◽  
Irena Perić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Progressive Dyspnoea ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Increased Risk

Undiagnosed AIDS in Patients with Progressive Dyspnoea: An Occupational Risk for Healthcare Workers in CroatiaPulmonary diseases are well documented and diverse in many patients with HIV in clinical stages 3 and 4. It is not unusual that these patients, most of whom do not know that they are already HIV-infected, are first examined and hospitalised by respiratory medicine specialists. While HIV-infection is relatively simple to diagnose if accompanied by advanced clinical manifestations and is regularly checked in patients with increased risk, this is not the case in low-risk patients, particularly in countries with low-level HIV epidemic and therefore low index of suspicion. Regular examination involves a series of tests, often including bronchoscopy with transbronchal lung biopsy in order to identify an interstitial lung disease and/or progressive dyspnoea. It is not uncommon that patients provide false or incomplete information about their lifestyle, which can mislead the clinician. At this point, HIV-infection is usually not suspected and healthcare workers may not strictly be following the safety principles which are otherwise applied when HIV-infection is known or suspect, although universal precautions are routine practice. At this point, the risk of exposure is the highest and HIV-transmission to healthcare workers is the most likely to occur. The cases presented here indicate that patients with progressive dyspnoea, which is typical of interstitial lung diseases, should undergo HIV-testing as a part of good clinical practice, even in a country with low-level HIV epidemic.

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