Hardening in vitro and morpho-physiological changes in the leaves during acclimatization of micropropagated plants of Leucaena leucocephala (LAM.) de wit

Plant Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibha Dhawan ◽  
Sant S. Bhojwani
Author(s):  
Sridevi Chigurupati ◽  
Shantini Vijayabalan ◽  
Kesavanarayanan Krishnan Selvarajan ◽  
Ahmad Alhowail ◽  
Fatema Kauser

AbstractObjectivesResearch on endosymbionts is emerging globally and is considered as a potential source of bioactive phytochemicals. The present study examines the antioxidant and antidiabetic of the endophytic crude extract isolated from Leucaena leucocephala leaves.MethodsEndophytic bacteria were isolated from the leaves of L. leucocephala and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to establish their identity. The in vitro antioxidant effect of endophytic crude extract (LL) was evaluated using 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging methods. The in vitro antidiabetic properties of LL were evaluated using α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay.ResultsThe isolated endophytic bacteria were identified as Cronobacter sakazakii. LL displayed potent free radical scavenging effect against ABTS and DPPH radicals with an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value of 17.49 ± 0.06 and 11.3 ± 0.1 μg/mL respectively. LL exhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 value of 23.3 ± 0.08 and 23.4 ± 0.1 μg/mL respectively compared to the standard drug (acarbose). Both glucose loaded normoglycemic rats and STZ induced diabetic rats treated with LL (200 mg/kg) exhibited a considerable reduction in blood glucose levels p<0.01 after 8 h of treatment when compared to normal and diabetic control rats respectively.ConclusionsThus, the study shows that LL has a wellspring of natural source of antioxidants, and antidiabetic agents and phytoconstituents present in endophytes could be the rich source for bioactive compounds.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. Manokari ◽  
S. Priyadharshini ◽  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat

Abstract Micropropagation techniques allow producing large numbers of clones of genetically identical plants. However, there is evidence of disorders in internal structures due to sophisticated in vitro conditions. Such variations are responsible for the mortality of plantlets in the field and cause huge loss to the tissue culture industry. Anatomical evaluation at different growth conditions allows for understanding structural repair of in vitro raised plantlets. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify the structural changes that occurred in micropropagated plants of Vitex negundo under heterotrophic, photomixotrophic, and photoautotrophic conditions. To achieve this, structural variations were analyzed in the plantlets obtained from in vitro, greenhouse and field transferred stages using light microscopy. Underdeveloped dermal tissues, palisade cells, intercellular spaces, mechanical tissues, vascular bundles, and ground tissues were observed with the plants growing under in vitro conditions. The self-repairing of structural disorders and transitions in vegetative anatomy was observed during hardening under the greenhouse environment. Field transferred plantlets were characterized by well-developed internal anatomy. These findings showed that the micropropagated plantlets of V. negundo were well-adapted through a series of self-repairing the in vitro induced structural abnormalities at the subsequent stages of plant development.


2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Silva Oliveira ◽  
Aloisio Xavier ◽  
Wagner Campos Otoni ◽  
José Marcello Salabert Campos ◽  
Lyderson Facio Viccini ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Flow cytometry and microsatellite markers were used to determine a genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants from the two Eucalyptus urophylla x E. globulus clones and a Eucalyptus grandis x E. globulus clone derived from adult material. Clones were repeatedly subcultured for 25 subcultures on MS medium supplemented with BA (2.22 µM) and ANA (0.05 µM) for in vitro shoot multiplication. The elongation was performed in MS culture medium supplemented with AIB (2.46 µM) and BA(0.22 µM). The ex vitro rooting and acclimatization phases were lead at the same time. The micropropagated clones showed genetic stability by flow cytometry and microsatellite markers. The results proved that micropropagation, for purposes of rejuvenation, can be a viable technique to generate genetically stable or identical E. globulus hybrid clones.


Pastura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Panca Dewi Manu Hara Karti ◽  
Indah Wijayanti ◽  
Sabrina Dianovi Pramadi

Penyediaan bibit lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) yang berkualitas dan cepat dapat dilakukan melaluipembiakkan in vitro atau kultur jaringan. Aklimatisasi merupakan tahapan akhir dari perbanyakan tanamanpada teknik kultur jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pertumbuhan tanaman lamtoroberakar dan tidak berakar serta mengetahui pengaruh berbagai komposisi media tanam terhadap pertumbuhantanaman lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala). Rancangan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu rancanganacak lengkap faktorial 2 × 4. Faktor pertama adalah T1 (berakar) dan T2 (tidak berakar). Faktor keduaadalah M1(zeolit), M2 (zeolit, arang sekam, pupuk kandang), M3 (pasir, arang sekam, pupuk kandang), M4(tanah, pasir, arang sekam, pupuk kandang). Berdasarkan hasil percobaan, sifat tumbuh tanaman berakardengan media tanam zeolit (T1M1) memberikan respon terbaik terhadap viabilitas, adaptasi daun, warnadaun, pertambahan tinggi tanaman, serta jumlah daun dan ranting.Kata kunci: aklimatisasi, kultur jaringan, lamtoro, media tanam, sifat tumbuh perakaran


2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
O. O. Falola ◽  
O. O. Olufayo

The inclusion of multipurpose trees with grass such as Panicum maximum in the diet of ruminants may enhance productivity. Thus, the study was carried out to determine the proximate composition, in vitro gas production characteristics and parameters of Leucaena leucocephala and Panicum maximum at varying proportions. Five diets were formulated such that Panicum maximum was substituted with Leucaena leucocephala at different ratio: T1 (100% Panicum maximum), T2 (100% Leuceana leucocephala), T3 (50% P. maximum + 50% L. leucocephala), T4 (75% P. maximum + 25% L .leucocephala) and T5 (25% P. maximum + 75% L. leucocephala). Data were subjected to analysis of variance. Values obtained for dry matter (34.43 –35.95g/100g) decreased with the increased inclusion of Leuceana leucocephala in the diets. The crude fiber values (14.33 – 30.75g/100g) also followed the same trend while crude protein (CP) content (10.70 – 26.78g/100g) increased the inclusion of Leucaena leucocephala in the diets. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in the treatment means of organic matter digestibility (OMD 31.93 – 37.07%), Metabolisable energy (ME 3.62 – 4.33 MJ/kgDM), short chain fatty acids (SCFA 0.04 – 0.16mL) and methane (ME 1.00 – 2.50 mL).The values (2.00 – 4.67 ml/200mgDM) obtained for immediate soluble 'a' was significantly (P < 0.05) different among the treatments. The extent of gas production (a+b) ranged from 2.00 – 4.67 mL/200mgDM, T1 (100% Panicum maximum) recorded the lowest while highest was observed in T2 (100% Leucaena leucocephala). The insoluble but degradable fraction 'b'ranged from 2.67 – 5.67ml/200mgDM, while the rate of gas production 'c' ranged from 0.04 – 0.14ml/hr. In conclusion, the enhanced values of crude protein, OMD, SCFA, and ME in the Panicum maximum and Leucaena leucocephala mixture indicate that the diets is able to meet the nutrients requirements of small ruminants in the tropics especially during the dry season.


Author(s):  
Laura Sandoval González ◽  
Luis Alberto Miranda Romero ◽  
Alejandro Lara Bueno ◽  
Maximino Huerta Bravo ◽  
Miguel Uribe Gómez ◽  
...  

Se determinó la fermentación in vitro, por la técnica de producción de gas, de Leucaena leucocephala (Ll) y Cynodon nlemfuensis (Cn) de 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 y 70 días de rebrote (DR) de un sistema silvopastoril intensivo en San Luis Potosí, México, en la época de nortes. Se tomó una muestra de forrajes de lotes distribuidos al azar, con tres repeticiones por DR. Las variables fueron: volumen máximo (Vm; mL g-1), tasa (S; h-1) y tiempo de retardo (L; h) de producción de gas, y digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS): estas se correlacionaron con el contenido mineral y de FDN, FDA, PC, EE, celulosa y lignina. El Vm, DIVMS y S fueron mayores, y L menor para Ll con respecto a Cn (0.039 vs 0.026 h-1; 258.9 vs 227.1 mL g-1; 63.6 vs 42.8%; y 1.93 vs 5.63 h). Para ambos forrajes Vm, DIVMS y S fueron mayores (p< 0.05; 73.23 y 47.98%; 307 y 272 mL g-1; 0.044 y 0.29 h-1) a 35 DR. El DR afectó a la variable fermentación, al pasto Cn mayor que a la leguminosa Ll. Las variables de fermentación y DIVMS se correlacionaron negativamente (R= -0.681, p< 0.01) con FDA, en ambos forrajes. Para Leucaena, la correlación con EE fue negativa (R= -0.68, p< 0.01); mientras que para Cn la correlación fue positiva (R= 0.642, p< 0.01) con PC. Respecto a los minerales, la correlación fue positiva (p< 0.01) con P para ambos forrajes. En la leguminosa, el K, Fe y Cu se correlacionó positivamente (p< 0.01). La DIVMS solo se correlacionó negativamente con la relación Ca:P, para Lecuaena. Se concluyó que, acorde a la fermentación de Cn y Ll en un sistema silvopastoril, éstas deben pastorearse a 35 DR, e incrementar en Cn el contenido de PC y de P en Ll, lo cual puede lograrse fertilizando con P einoculandoconmicorriza.


2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aissam EL FINTI ◽  
Rachida EL BOULLANI ◽  
Naima AIT AABD ◽  
Fouad MSANDA ◽  
Mohammed A. SERGHINI ◽  
...  

Opuntia is one of the most widespread cacti, primarily due to their edible fruit and vegetable mass used as feed. The high demand for young plants of Opuntia made it necessary to find a rapid method of multiplication of the cactus, the safest method consisting in vitro micropropagation of species belonging to this genus. With aim of large production of plant material, a propagation system of three important prickly pear cactus cultivar (Opuntia ficus-indica) in Morocco was developed. Segments of healthy young cladode (containing one areole) were cultivated in Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing adenine sulfate (40 mg/1), monosodium phosphate (50 mg/l), sucrose (50 g/l), phytagel (0.3%) and benzyladenine (BA) at 22.2 μM, to start the process of micropropagation. In vitro-developed shoots from areoles were used as secondary explants to induce shoot development in the MS medium with 5 mg/l of BA. All of the three studied cultivars showed an important multiplication rate in this medium. ‘Sidi Ifni M’ (‘Moussa’) cultivar shows the greatest number of shoots followed by ‘Sidi Ifni A’ (‘Aissa’) and ‘Delahia’ 17.26, 14.12 and 12.13 respectively. Rooting of in vitro-generated shoots was achieved most efficiently on half-strength MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or IAA. Rooting frequencies were in the range from 95 to 100% and the highest mean number of root (19.1) was obtained with IBA for ‘Delahia’ cultivar. All micropropagated plants were transferred to greenhouse and all of them survived acclimatization process and showed good overall growth.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungwook Paek ◽  
Joseph W. Song ◽  
Ehsan Ban ◽  
Yuma Morimitsu ◽  
Chinedum O. Osuji ◽  
...  

AbstractHere we present a microengineered soft-robotic in vitro platform developed by integrating a pneumatically regulated novel elastomeric actuator with primary culture of human cells. This system is capable of generating dynamic bending motion akin to the constriction of tubular organs that can exert controlled compressive forces on cultured living cells. Using this platform, we demonstrate cyclic compression of primary human endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells to show physiological changes in their morphology due to applied forces. Moreover, we present mechanically actuatable organotypic models to examine the effects of compressive forces on three-dimensional multicellular constructs designed to emulate complex tissues such as solid tumors and vascular networks. Our work provides a preliminary demonstration of how soft-robotics technology can be leveraged for in vitro modeling of complex physiological tissue microenvironment, and may enable the development of new research tools for mechanobiology and related areas.


Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 986
Author(s):  
Benta Natânia Silva Figueiredo ◽  
Marcello Otake Sato ◽  
Laiane Teixeira Sousa Moura ◽  
Sandra Maria Botelho Mariano ◽  
Tarso da Costa Alvim ◽  
...  

The current study evaluated the anthelmintic effect of different extracts of Leucaena leucocephala, Parkia platycephala, and Senna alata on trichostrongylid eggs and infective larvae and determined the potential active components of each plant. Dried and macerated plant material was concentrated using rotaevaporation to obtain the crude extract (CE), followed by solvent partitioning to obtain hexanic (HexE), acetatic (AcE), and butanolic (BuE) extracts used for phytochemical analysis and anthelmintic efficacy testing in vitro. All the crude and partitioned extracts tested showed inhibition activity in the hatching of trichostrongylid eggs. Larvicidal efficacy was observed at CE concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/mL for P. platycephala and S. alata. However, L. leucocephala CE did not significantly reduce the number of living larvae in the tested concentrations. Chromatographic analysis revealed several active metabolites; gallic acid, ellagic acid, naringin, morin, and kaempferol on AcE of P. platycephala; gallic acid, rutin, and ellagic acid on BuE of P. platycephala; and gallic acid and naringin on BuE of L. leucocephala. The extracts of P. platycephala, L. leucocephala, and S. alata leaves showed egg hatching inhibition and larvicidal activity, probably produced by tannins and flavonoids, which may act alone or by synergism.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document