Effects of sucrose and aspartame on hunger, energy intake and taste responsiveness in normal-weight men and women

Background: Sedentariness has been shown to increase energy intake and is associated with increased obesity prevalence. Active workstations are used to implement physical activity interventions in workplaces, but it is unclear if they can lead to reductions in body weight. This study aims to observe the acute impact of a standing desk on energy intake and appetite sensations. Methods: Participants came to the laboratory, where they were randomly assigned to a seated or a standing desk. They completed a work session (∼75 min) during which they performed cognitive tasks and reported their levels of stress. Following this, they had a 15-minute break during which buffet-type snacks were served. Subjects were asked to rate their appetite sensations on visual analog scales. Results: Thirty-six normal-weight men and women aged 24.3 (4.3) years participated in this study. Energy intake from snacks was similar (P = .472) between participants who sat (427.8 [286.9] kcal) and the ones who stood (461.2 [272.8] kcal) during the work session. There was no difference in satiety quotients around the snack and no significant interaction time × condition for appetite sensations. Conclusion: The use of a standing desk for 75 minutes did not increase food consumption following a meal.

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Increased portion size leads to a sustained increase in energy intake over 4 d in normal-weight and overweight men and women

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508201960 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 470-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Mary T. Kelly ◽

Julie M. W. Wallace ◽

Paula J. Robson ◽

Kirsten L. Rennie ◽

Robert W. Welch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Standard Condition ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Portion Size ◽

Men And Women ◽

Residential Design ◽

Overweight Adults ◽

Food Portion Size ◽

Sustained Increase ◽

Food Portions

Large food portions may be facilitating excess energy intake (EI) and adiposity among adults. The present study aimed to assess the extent to which EI and amounts of foods consumed are influenced by the availability of different-sized food portions. A randomised within-subject cross-over, fully residential design was used, where forty-three (twenty-one men and twenty-two women) normal-weight and overweight adults were randomly allocated to two separate 4 d periods where they were presented with either ‘standard’ or ‘large’ food portions of the same foods and beverages. The main outcome measures were the amount of food (g) and EI (MJ) consumed throughout each study period. Mean EI over 4 d was significantly higher on the large portion condition compared with the standard condition in the total group (59·1 (sd 6·6) v. 52·2 (sd 14·3) MJ; P = 0·020); men and women increased their EI by 17 % (10 (sd 6·5) MJ; P < 0·001) and 10 % (4 (sd 6·5) MJ; P = 0·005) respectively when served the large food portions relative to the standard food portions. The increased intakes were sustained over the 4 d in the large portion condition with little evidence of down-regulation of EI and food intake being made by subjects. Increased food portion size resulted in significant and sustained increases in EI in men and women over 4 d under fully residential conditions. The availability and consumption of larger portions of food may be a significant factor contributing to excess EI and adiposity.

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Portion size of food affects energy intake in normal-weight and overweight men and women

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/76.6.1207 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 1207-1213 ◽

Cited By ~ 491

Author(s):

Barbara J Rolls ◽

Erin L Morris ◽

Liane S Roe

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Portion Size ◽

Men And Women

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Trends in Americans’ food-related time use: 1975–2006

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980009992138 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1064-1072 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Cathleen D Zick ◽

Robert B Stevens

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Time Use ◽

Food Preparation ◽

Future Research ◽

Historical Period ◽

Grocery Shopping ◽

Obesity Risk ◽

Eating Time ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Past

AbstractObjectiveTo describe how the time spent in food-related activities by Americans has changed over the past 30 years.DesignData from four national time diary surveys, spanning 1975–2006, are used to construct estimates of trends in American adults’ time spent in food-related activities. Multivariate Tobits assess how food-related activities have changed over time controlling for sociodemographic and economic covariates.ResultsBoth bivariate and multivariate estimates reveal that between 1975 and 2006, American women’s time spent in food preparation declined substantially, whereas the time spent in these activities by American men changed very little. On the contrary, grocery shopping time increased modestly for both men and women. The primary eating time (i.e. time when eating/drinking was the respondent’s main focus) declined for both men and women over this historical period, and the composition of this time changed with less primary eating time being done alone. Concurrently, secondary eating time (i.e. time when something else had the respondent’s primary attention, but eating/drinking simultaneously occurred) rose precipitously for both women and men between 1975 and 1998.ConclusionsThe total time spent in eating (i.e. primary plus secondary eating time) has increased over the past 30 years, and the composition of this time has shifted from situations in which energy intake can be easily monitored to those in which energy intake may be more difficult to gauge. Less time is also being spent in food preparation and clean-up activities. Future research should explore possible links between these trends and Americans’ growing obesity risk.

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Incidence of severe knee and hip osteoarthritis in relation to different measures of body mass: a population-based prospective cohort study

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/ard.2008.089748 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 490-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 201

Author(s):

L S Lohmander ◽

M Gerhardsson de Verdier ◽

J Rollof ◽

P M Nilsson ◽

G Engström

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Body Mass ◽

Hip Osteoarthritis ◽

Population Based ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Men And Women ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat

Objective:To determine in a prospective population-based cohort study relationships between different measures of body mass and the incidence of severe knee and hip osteoarthritis defined as arthroplasty of knee or hip due to osteoarthritis.Materials and methods:Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist–hip ratio (WHR), weight and percentage of body fat (BF%) were measured at baseline in 11 026 men and 16 934 women from the general population. The incidence of osteoarthritis over 11 years was monitored by linkage with the Swedish hospital discharge register.Results:471 individuals had knee osteoarthritis and 551 had hip osteoarthritis. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking and physical activity, the relative risks (RR) of knee osteoarthritis (fourth vs first quartile) were 8.1 (95% CI 5.3 to 12.4) for BMI, 6.7 (4.5 to 9.9) for waist circumference, 6.5 (4.6 to 9.43) for weight, 3.6 (2.6 to 5.0) for BF% and 2.2 (1.7 to 3.0) for WHR. Corresponding RR for hip osteoarthritis were 2.6 (2.0 to 3.4) for BMI, 3.0 (2.3 to 4.0) for weight, 2.5 (1.9 to 3.3) for waist, 1.3 (0.99 to 1.6) for WHR and 1.5 (1.2 to 2.0) for BF%.Conclusion:All measures of overweight were associated with the incidence of knee osteoarthritis, with the strongest relative risk gradient observed for BMI. The incidence of hip osteoarthritis showed smaller but significant differences between normal weight and obesity. Our results support a major link between overweight and biomechanics in increasing the risk of knee and hip osteoarthritis in men and women.

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Childhood growth and future risk of the metabolic syndrome in normal-weight men and women

Diabetes & Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.diabet.2008.10.004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 143-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

M.K. Salonen ◽

E. Kajantie ◽

C. Osmond ◽

T. Forsén ◽

H. Ylihärsilä ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Men And Women ◽

Childhood Growth ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Future Risk

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How is Satiety Affected When Consuming Food While Working on A Computer?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11071545 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1545 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lily Ding ◽

Nazimah Hamid ◽

Daniel Shepherd ◽

Kevin Kantono

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Eating Behavior ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Restrained Eating ◽

Computer Work ◽

Meal Intake ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

More people working at offices are choosing to eat meals at their desks, making “desktop dining” an increasingly common phenomenon. Previous studies have reported that environmental distractors, such as television viewing, can influence meal intake and subsequent snack intake. However, the impact of stressful mental tasks on eating behavior has received relatively less attention, focusing only on subsequent meal intake or concurrent snack intake. This study sets out to determine whether eating while working influenced current meal energy intake. This research also examined the relationship between dietary restraint status and energy intake. A crossover experimental design was employed requiring participants (14 males and 29 females) to eat pizza quietly and at rest (control), and while working on a computer (work). Measurements included BMI, energy intake, state anxiety, restrained eating behavior, stress levels (pre- and post-eating), and appetite (before and after both work and control sessions). The findings showed that consuming food while working on a computer significantly increased stress but had no influence on energy intake compared to the control condition. However, post-eating hunger levels were significantly higher in the work condition compared to the control condition. As expected, satiety levels decreased significantly from pre- to post-eating for both work and control conditions. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between restrained eating behavior and energy intake in both work and control conditions. These results suggest that eating while working affected satiety of normal weight participants, as indicated by the significant difference in post-meal satiety levels between work and control conditions.

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Increased satiety after intake of a chocolate milk drink compared with a carbonated beverage, but no difference in subsequent ad libitum lunch intake

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507339846 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 579-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Angela Harper ◽

Anita James ◽

Anne Flint ◽

Arne Astrup

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Energy Content ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Chocolate Milk ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Carbonated Beverage ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Prospective Consumption

The rising rate of obesity has been blamed on increased consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks, such as carbonated sodas, which fail to satisfy hunger. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect on appetite and energy intake of a sugar-sweetened beverage (cola) and a chocolate milk drink, matched for energy content and volume. It was hypothesised that chocolate milk may be more satiating because of its protein content. Twenty-two healthy young men (age 23 (sd 1·8) years) of normal weight (BMI 22·2 (sd 1·5) kg/m2) were recruited to the randomised cross-over study. Visual analogue scales were used to record subjective appetite ratings every 30 min on each of two test days. A drink of 500 ml cola or chocolate milk (900 kJ) was ingested 30 min before an ad libitum lunch. Satiety and fullness were significantly greater (P = 0·0007, P = 0·0004, respectively) 30 min after chocolate milk than after cola. Ratings of prospective consumption and hunger were significantly greater after cola than after chocolate milk, both immediately after preload intake (P = 0·008, P = 0·01, respectively) and 30 min afterwards (P = 0·004, P = 0·01, respectively). There was no significant difference (P = 0·42) in ad libitum lunch intake after ingestion of chocolate milk (3145 (sd 1268) kJ) compared with cola (3286 (sd 1346) kJ). The results support the hypothesis that sweetened soft drinks are different from milk products in their impact on short-term hunger and satiety, although differences in subjective appetite scores were not translated into differences in energy intake.

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Mechanisms behind the portion size effect-visibility and bite size

10.31232/osf.io/6spb7 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Kyle Stanley Burger ◽

Susan L. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Size Effect ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Visual Cues ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Portion Size ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Bite Size ◽

Subject Design ◽

Participant Characteristics

Increases in portion size lead to increases in energy intake, yet the mechanisms behind this ‘portion size effect’ are unclear. This study tested possible mechanisms of the portion size effect i.e., bite size and visual cues in 30 over- and normal-weight individuals (15 men, 15 women). A 2x2 repeated measures, within-subject design was used to test the effects of portion size (410g vs. 820g of a pasta dish) and visual cues (blindfolded vs. visible) on energy intake. At each meal participants were exposed to one of four experimental conditions (small portion/visible; small portion/blindfold; large portion/visible; large portion/blindfold). Participant characteristics, food intake, number of bites, meal duration, palatability measures and hunger and fullness were assessed. In response to a doubling of the portion presented, entrée energy intake increased 26% (220kcal P < 0.001) and mean bite size increased 2.4g/bite (P < 0.05). Overweight individuals consumed 40% (334kcal) more of the entrée in response to the large portion condition (P < 0.05), while lean individuals’ intakes did not differ (P < 0.56). A 12% (122kcal) decrease in entrée intake was observed in the blindfolded condition (P < 0.01), but no portion by visual cue interaction was found; indicating that blindfolding did not attenuate the portion size effect. These data suggest that the portion size effect is greater in overweight individuals and occurs via changes in bite size.

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Effect of Acute Exercise and Cycling Desk on Energy Intake and Appetite Response to Mental Work: The CORTEX Study

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2020-0342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 433-439

Author(s):

David Thivel ◽

Pauline Genin ◽

Alicia Fillon ◽

Marwa Khammassi ◽

Johanna Roche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Cognitive Task ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Exercise Bout ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Short Term ◽

Mental Work ◽

Visual Analog Scales

Background: While mental work has been shown to favor overconsumption, the present study compared the effect of a cognitive task alone, followed by acute exercise, or performed on a cycling desk, on short-term food intake and appetite in adults. Methods: A total of 19 normal-weight adults randomly completed: resting session (CON), 30-minute cognitive task (CT), 30-minute cognitive task followed by a 15-minute high-intensity interval exercise bout (CT–EX), and 30-minute cognitive task performed on a cycling desk (CT-CD). Energy expenditure was estimated (heart rate–workload relationship), and energy intake (EI; ad libitum) and appetite (visual analog scales) were assessed. Results: Energy expenditure was higher in CT-EX (P < .001) compared with the other conditions and in CT-CD compared with CON and CT (P < .01). EI was higher in CON (P < .05) and CT-CD compared with CT (P < .01). Relative EI was higher in CON compared with CT (P < .05) and lower in CT-EX compared with CT, CT-CD, and CON (all Ps < .001). Area under the curve desire to eat was higher in CON compared with CT (P < .05) and CT-EX (P < .01). Area under the curve prospective food consumption was higher in CON compared with CT-EX (P < .01). Overall composite appetite score was not different between conditions. Conclusion: While cycling desks are recommended to break up sedentary time, the induced increase in energy expenditure might not be enough to significantly reduce overall short-term relative EI after mental work.

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