Determination of succinyldicholine in different tissue samples from guinea pigs after injection of a single intravenous dose

We found the report by Feldman et al1 interesting with potential clinical application. However, we would like to point out an error in their determination of the apparent volume of distribution (V) and comment on both their methodology and results. They state that V was calculated by dividing the dose of the drug by the extrapolated y intercept for drug concentration at time 0. This method is correct for a drug which exhibits monoexponential elimination following a single intravenous dose.

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An Ancillary Tool for the Diagnosis of Amyloid A Amyloidosis in a Variety of Domestic and Wild Animals

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.42-2-132 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 132-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

S. Shtrasburg ◽

R. Gal ◽

E. Gruys ◽

S. Perl ◽

B. M. Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pigs ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Amyloid Deposit ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Aa Amyloidosis ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Congo Red Staining ◽

Species Specific

Immunohistochemistry, the standard method for diagnosing amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, is limited in animals because it requires a large array of animal-specific anti-AA antibodies, not commercially available. The Shtrasburg method (SH method) is a highly specific and sensitive technique, helping in the diagnosis and determination of AA amyloidosis in humans. The aim of this study is to determine whether the SH method is applicable in the diagnosis of AA amyloidosis in a variety of animals. Tissue samples were obtained from animals suffering from spontaneous or experimentally induced AA amyloidosis (mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, cheetahs, cats, cows, ducks, a dog, a goose, a chicken, and a turaco). Detection of the amyloid and quantitative evaluation were performed using Congo red staining, and specific AA typing was performed by the potassium permanganate technique. The studied tissues were subjected to the SH method, which confirmed the AA nature of the amyloid deposit, by displaying in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein bands consistent with the molecular weight of the species-specific AA, in all the animals examined, except mice, hamsters, and guinea pigs. N-terminal analysis of these bands corroborated their AA origin. We conclude that the SH method may be used as an ancillary simple tool for the diagnosis of AA amyloidosis in a large number of domestic and wild animals. Moreover, our findings further increase the feasibility of applying this method in humans.

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Improved method for diagnosis of Nerium oleander poisoning in necropsy tissues

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5285 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 967-972 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana F.M. Botelho ◽

Fabiano A.S. Oliveira ◽

Aparecida T.L. Fiúza ◽

Heloísa P. Pedroza ◽

Stephanie E.M.T. Branco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pigs ◽

Chromatographic Analysis ◽

Nerium Oleander ◽

Control Group ◽

Improved Method ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Modified Quechers ◽

The World ◽

Cardioactive Glycosides

ABSTRACT: Nerium oleander is an ornamental cardiotoxic plant found in tropical and subtropical areas of the World. Its toxicity is related to the content of cardioactive glycosides, mainly oleandrin, found throughout the plant. The present study aimed to describe a new and improved method for oleandrin detection in tissue samples. The determination of oleandrin was made after extraction with a modified QuEChERS technique and measurement by UFLC-MS/MS. A total of 36 guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) were distributed into 3 groups (n=12): control group that received only water orally (CON), and two treated groups that received hydroalcoholic oleander extract at doses of 150mg.kg-1 (OLE 150) and 300mg.kg-1 (OLE 300) in single oral dose. After three hours, fragments of heart, kidneys, liver and brain were collected for determination of oleandrin levels. The extraction and chromatographic procedures were effective for oleandrin detection and quantification in tissues, with retention time of 1.2 min and detection limit of 0.001μg g-1. The chromatographic analysis of treated guinea pigs indicated that oleandrin is distributed equally among the analyzed tissues. The developed methodology is a reliable, effective and rapid form of diagnosis of N. oleander poisoning based on necropsy tissue samples.

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Cytopathology of Cardiac Tissue from Daunomycin-Treated Mice

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066802 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 550-551

Author(s):

Robert H. Liss ◽

Frances A. Cotton

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Cardiac Toxicity ◽

Drug Distribution ◽

Personal Communication ◽

Intravenous Dose ◽

Single Intravenous Dose ◽

Physiologic Saline ◽

Histopathologic Changes ◽

Distribution Studies ◽

Lung And Kidney

Daunomycin, an antibiotic used in the clinical management of acute leukemia, produces a delayed, lethal cardiac toxicity. The lethality is dose and schedule dependent; histopathologic changes induced by the drug have been described in heart, lung, and kidney from hamsters in both single and multiple dose studies. Mice given a single intravenous dose of daunomycin (10 mg/kg) die 6-7 days later. Drug distribution studies indicate that the rodents excrete most of a single dose of the drug as daunomycin and metabolite within 48 hours after dosage (M. A. Asbell, personal communication).Myocardium from the ventricles of 6 moribund BDF1 mice which had received a single intravenous dose of daunomycin (10 mg/kg), and from controls dosed with physiologic saline, was fixed in glutaraldehyde and prepared for electron microscopy.

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A Single Intravenous Dose of E3112 in Japanese Healthy Adult Male Participants

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct03922633 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Intravenous Dose ◽

Single Intravenous Dose ◽

Healthy Adult Male

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Effect of polyaspartic acid on pharmacokinetics of gentamicin after single intravenous dose in the dog.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.40.5.1237 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1237-1241 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

T Whittem ◽

K Parton ◽

K Turner

Keyword(s):

Aspartic Acid ◽

Elimination Rate ◽

Volume Of Distribution ◽

Intravenous Dose ◽

Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽

Therapeutic Drug ◽

Peripheral Compartment ◽

Single Intravenous Dose ◽

Polyaspartic Acid ◽

Peripheral Tissues

The effects of poly-L-aspartic acid on the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin were examined by using a randomized crossover trial design with the dog. When analyzed according to a three-compartment open model, poly-L-aspartic acid reduced some first-order rate equation constants (A3, lambda 1, and lambda 3), the deep peripheral compartment exit microconstant (k31), the elimination rate constant (k(el)), and the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 480 h (AUC0-480) (0.21-, 0.60-, 0.26-, 0.27-, 0.72-, and 0.76-fold, respectively; P < 0.05) but increased the volume of distribution at steady state (Vss), the volume of distribution calculated by the area method (V(area)), the apparent volume of the peripheral compartment (Vp), and all mean time parameters. These results suggested that poly-L-aspartic acid increased the distribution of gentamicin to or binding within the deep peripheral compartment and that poly-L-aspartic acid may have delayed gentamicin transit through the peripheral tissues. In contrast, poly-L-aspartic acid did not alter pharmacokinetic parameters relevant to the central or shallow peripheral compartments to a clinically significant extent. Although gentamicin's pharmacokinetic parameters of relevance to therapeutic drug monitoring were not directly altered, this study has provided pharmacokinetic evidence that poly-L-aspartic acid alters the peripheral distribution of gentamicin. This pharmacokinetic interaction occurred after a single intravenous dose of each drug. Therefore, this interaction should be investigated further, before polyaspartic acid can be considered for use as a clinical nephroprotectant.

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On the robustness of inference of association with the gut microbiota in stool, rectal swab and mucosal tissue samples

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94205-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shan Sun ◽

Xiangzhu Zhu ◽

Xiang Huang ◽

Harvey J. Murff ◽

Reid M. Ness ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Rectal Swab ◽

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Mucosal Tissue ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Metagenome Sequencing ◽

Functional Profiles

AbstractThe gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease. Stool, rectal swab and rectal mucosal tissue samples have been used in individual studies to survey the microbial community but the consequences of using these different sample types are not completely understood. In this study, we report differences in stool, rectal swab and rectal mucosal tissue microbial communities with shotgun metagenome sequencing of 1397 stool, swab and mucosal tissue samples from 240 participants. The taxonomic composition of stool and swab samples was distinct, but less different to each other than mucosal tissue samples. Functional profile differences between stool and swab samples are smaller, but mucosal tissue samples remained distinct from the other two types. When the taxonomic and functional profiles were used for inference in association with host phenotypes of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), antibiotics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use, hypothesis testing using either stool or rectal swab gave broadly significantly correlated results, but inference performed on mucosal tissue samples gave results that were generally less consistent with either stool or swab. Our study represents an important resource for determination of how inference can change for taxa and pathways depending on the choice of where to sample within the human gut.

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Listeria monocytogenes strains encoding premature stop codons in inlA invade mice and guinea pig fetuses in orally dosed dams

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.057505-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (12) ◽

pp. 1799-1806 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Anne Holch ◽

Hanne Ingmer ◽

Tine Rask Licht ◽

Lone Gram

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Food Processing ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Stop Codon ◽

Fetal Liver ◽

Fatal Case ◽

Premature Stop Codon ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Pregnant Mice

Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne bacterial pathogen and listeriosis can result in abortions in pregnant women. The bacterium can colonize food-processing environments, where specific molecular subtypes can persist for years. The purpose of this study was to determine the virulence potential of a group of food-processing persistent L. monocytogenes strains encoding a premature stop codon in inlA (encoding internalin A) by using two orally dosed models, pregnant mice and pregnant guinea pigs. A food-processing persistent strain of L. monocytogenes invaded placentas (n = 58; 10 % positive) and fetuses (3 % positive) of pregnant mice (n = 9 animals per strain), similar to a genetically manipulated murinized strain, EGD-e InlA m* (n = 61; 3 and 2 %, respectively). In pregnant guinea pigs (n = 9 animals per bacterial strain), a maternofetal strain (from a human fetal clinical fatal case) was isolated from 34 % of placenta samples (n = 50), whereas both food-processing persistent strains were found in 5 % of placenta samples (n = 36 or 37). One of the food-processing persistent strains, N53-1, was found in up to 8 % of guinea pig fetal liver and brain samples, whereas the maternofetal control was found in 6 % of fetal tissue samples. As the food-processing persistent strains carry a premature stop codon in inlA but are invasive in orally dosed pregnant mice and guinea pigs, we hypothesize that listerial crossing of the placental barrier can occur by a mechanism that is independent of an interaction between E-cadherin and InlA.

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