Practical methods of evaluating grape quality and quality potential

2022 ◽  
pp. 135-185
Author(s):  
B.W. Zoecklein ◽  
B.H. Gump
Keyword(s):  
Grape Quality

scholarly journals The Exploitation of Local Vitis vinifera L. Biodiversity as a Valuable Tool to Cope with Climate Change Maintaining Berry Quality

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
María Carmen Antolín ◽  
María Toledo ◽  
Inmaculada Pascual ◽  
Juan José Irigoyen ◽  
Nieves Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

(1) Background: The associated increase in global mean surface temperature together with raised atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is exerting a profound influence on grapevine development (phenology) and grape quality. The exploitation of the local genetic diversity based on the recovery of ancient varieties has been proposed as an interesting option to cope with climate change and maintaining grape quality. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize the potential fruit quality of genotypes from seven local old grapevine varieties grown under climate change conditions. (2) Methods: The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings (one cluster per plant) that were grown in pots in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG). Two treatments were applied from fruit set to maturity: (1) ambient CO2 (400 ppm) and temperature (T) (ACAT) and (2) elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and temperature (T + 4 °C) (ECET). (3) Results: Results showed that some of the old genotypes tested remained quite stable during the climate change conditions in terms of fruit quality (mainly, total soluble solids and phenolic content) and of must antioxidant properties. (4) Conclusion: This research underlines the usefulness of exploiting local grapevine diversity to cope with climate change successfully, although further studies under field conditions and with whole plants are needed before extrapolating the results to the vineyard.

scholarly journals Biochemical and agronomical responses of grapevines to alteration of source-sink ratio by cluster thinning and shoot trimming

Bragantia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Vieira da Mota ◽  
Claudia Rita de Souza ◽  
Camila Pinheiro Carvalho Silva ◽  
Gustavo de Faria Freitas ◽  
Tânia Misuzu Shiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Cluster Thinning ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Berry Set

The control of leaf to fruit ratio by the practice of entire clusters removal from the vine upon berry set has been used in traditional vineyards in order to regulate yield and to improve chemical composition of the berries. Although this practice has been settled in temperate zones, little is known about grapevines behavior in tropical growing areas. The aim of this work was to evaluate the biochemical and agronomical responses of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon) grown in Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, a new winegrape region. Grapevines were submitted to cluster thinning (0%, 50% and 75% of cluster removal) and trimming treatments (trimmed and untrimmed) imposed at pea size stage. The source-sink alteration by fruit removal and shoot trimming had impact on yield, leaf sugar metabolism and grape composition. Although there was an improvement in color intensity of the berries with reduction of fruit load, the cluster thinning practice should be avoided in vineyards grown in the south of Minas Gerais State without impairment of wine grape quality. On the other hand, shoot trimming practice should be recommended only for Merlot in order to improve sugar grapes from vines with no cluster removal.

scholarly journals Effect of shoot topping intensity on 'Cabernet Franc' grapevine maturity in high-altitude region

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 946-950
Author(s):  
Douglas André Würz ◽  
José Luiz Marcon Filho ◽  
Alberto Fontanella Brighenti ◽  
Ricardo Allebrandt ◽  
Betina Pereira de Bem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Vegetative Canopy ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition of 'Cabernet Franc' grape subjected to different levels of shoot topping. The experiment was conducted in the 2008 and 2009 vintages, and the levels of shoot topping consisted of: control, without topping; and reductions of 15, 30, and 45% in total leaf area. The effect of shoot topping intensity on the chemical composition of the 'Cabernet Franc' grape berries was observed. A reduction of 26% in the vegetative canopy through a moderate shoot topping increased the total polyphenol index and the anthocyanin content. Shoot topping is a practice that must be carried out with caution, since severe shoot topping, i.e., a reduction greater than 26% of the leaf area, may negatively impact grape quality by reducing the content of soluble solids and decreasing the total polyphenol index and the content of anthocyanins of 'Cabernet Franc' grape berries.

scholarly journals Strawberry Living Mulch in an Organic Vineyard

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1643
Author(s):  
Davide Neri ◽  
Serena Polverigiani ◽  
Matteo Zucchini ◽  
Veronica Giorgi ◽  
Fabio Marchionni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
One Year

A living mulch system can provide beneficial biodiversified phytocoenoses and spatial competition against weeds; however, it may also compete for water with the main cultivated crop under Mediterranean climate conditions. Strawberries employed as living mulch in a rain-fed hill vineyard of central Italy were evaluated for two years through a participative approach involving the farmer. A local wild strawberry was propagated by stolons to obtain small plantlets easily uprooted after the summer and then transplanted to a one-year-old vineyard. The densities of two and four strawberry plants per grapevine were compared with no living mulch in a randomized complete block design. A horizontal blade weeder was used once a year in all treatments. The results showed that strawberries as living mulch plus application of a blade weeder avoided the need for further soil tillage and assured a full soil cover during winter for both initial planting densities. The strawberry living mulch did not alter the grapevine transpiration during an incident of water stress in summer. Moreover, the yield per vine and the grape quality were comparable with those of the soil without living mulch. The growth of strawberry mulch was relevant in the area surrounding the vines. Furthermore, the living mulch guaranteed a constant soil cover reducing the risk for soil erosion while increasing the vineyard’s biological diversity. This may imply a higher resilience.

scholarly journals Influence de la charge sur la production et la croissance de la vigne (c.v. Merlot)

OENO One ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
M. Nikov
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Yield Ratio ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
First Year ◽  
Parabolic Curve ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Single Shoot ◽  
The Relationship

<p style="text-align: justify;">L'étude est menée avec le cépage Merlot conduit en forme haute et à une distance de 3,40 x 1,20 m. Les vignes supportent des charges individuelles de 26, 32, 38 ... jusqu'à 62 bourgeons par cep. La relation entre le nombre d'yeux et le rendement par souche se caractérise par une courbe parabolique avec un maximum autour de 50 bourgeons par cep. L'augmentation de charge au-delà de l'optimum exerce une influence inhibitrice sur la croissance des rameaux individuels depuis la première année. Le rapport entre la surface foliaire et la production représente un facteur essentiel pour la qualité du raisin.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The study involves Merlot variety trained with an high trunk and a 3,40 x 1,20 m spacing. The vines support individual pruning levels of 26, 32, 38 ... up to 62 buds/vine. The relationship between bud number and yield per vine is characterized by a parabolic curve with a maximum around 50 buds/vine. The increase in pruning level beyond the optimum induces an inhibitory effect on single shoot growth since the first year. The leaf area : yield ratio represents a primary factor of grape quality.</p>

scholarly journals Volatile Metabolism of Wine Grape Trincadeira: Impact of Infection with Botrytis cinerea

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Helena Santos ◽  
Catarina Augusto ◽  
Pedro Reis ◽  
Cecília Rego ◽  
Ana Cristina Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Acid Esters

The aroma of grapes is cultivar dependent and is influenced by terroir, vineyard practices, and abiotic and biotic stresses. Trincadeira is a non-aromatic variety associated with low phenolic content and high sugar and organic acid levels. This cultivar, widely used in Portuguese wines, presents high susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea. This work aimed to characterise the volatile profile of Trincadeira grapes and how it changes under infection with B. cinerea. Thirty-six volatile organic compounds were identified, from different functional groups, namely alcohols, ester acetates, fatty acid esters, fatty acids, aldehydes, and products of the lipoxygenase pathway. Both free and glycosidic volatile organic compounds were analysed by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry for component quantification and identification, respectively. A multivariance analysis showed a clear discrimination between healthy and infected grapes with 2-trans-hexenal and isoamyl-acetate among the compounds identified as negative and positive markers of infection, respectively. Ester acetates such as 2-phenylethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, and 2-methylbutyl acetate were present in higher contents in infected samples, whereas the contents of several fatty acid esters, such as ethyl decanoate and ethyl dodecanoate, decreased. These data were integrated with quantitative PCR data regarding genes involved in volatile metabolism and showed up-regulation of a gene coding for Hydroperoxide Lyase 2 in infected grapes. Altogether, these changes in volatile metabolism indicate an impact on the grape quality and may be related to defence against B. cinerea. The presence/absence of specific compounds might be used as infection biomarkers in the assessment of Trincadeira grapes’ quality.

scholarly journals Comparative studies of some white wine cultivars in the sub-region of Belgrade and Nis

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Branislava Sivcev ◽  
Dragoslav Cvetkovic ◽  
Nevena Petrovic ◽  
Ivana Popadic
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
White Wine ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

In two wine-growing areas with different climatic characteristics 12 cultivars intended for the production of white wines were studied. The climatic characteristics include: mean annual air temperatures, mean vegetation air temperatures, heliothermal coefficient, hydrothermal coefficient and active temperatures sum from the moment of the growth of shoots to their full maturity for each studied cultivar. Elements of buds fruitfulness (6 features in total), yield, cluster mass, sugar quantity and grape quality were observed in both localities. In the vineyards of Grocka and Kutina high yielding varieties Ugni blanc and Dimyat can be grown with great success. Italian Riezling produced higher yields and better quality of unfermented grape juice in the vineyards of Grocka in comparison with the vineyards of Kutina. Pinot blanc in both localities was characterized by high yield, but the quality of unfermented grape juice was better in the vineyards of Grocka. Variety Rkaciteli produced high yield and good quality of unfermented grape juice in the experimental period in the vineyards of Kutina.

scholarly journals Increased Organic Fertilizer and Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Increased Fungal Diversity and the Abundance of Beneficial Fungi on the Grape Berry Surface in Arid Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linnan Wu ◽  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
Fengyun Zhao ◽  
Benzhou Zhao ◽  
Fesobi Olumide Phillip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Beneficial Fungi

Fertilizer practices can significantly impact the fruit quality and microbial diversity of the orchards. The fungi on the surface of fruits are essential for fruit storability and safety. However, it is not clear whether fertilization affects the fungal diversity and community structure on the surface of grape berries. Here, grape quality and the fungal diversity on the surface of grapes harvested from three fertilizer treatments were analyzed shortly after grape picking (T0) and following 8 days of storage (T1). The study involved three treatments: (1) common chemical fertilizer for 2 years (CH); (2) increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer for 1 year (A.O); and (3) increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer for 2 years (B.O). The application of increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer increased the soluble solids content (SSC) of the grape berries and decreased the pH of the grape juice. A total of 827,947 high-quality fungal sequences were recovered and assigned to 527 operational taxonomic units. Members of the Ascomycota phylum were dominant in all samples and accounted for 94.41% of the total number of detected sequences, followed by the Basidiomycota (5.05%), and unidentified fungi (0.54%). Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed significantly different fungal populations in the three fertilizer treatments over the two time periods. The fungal diversity and richness on the grape berry surface in the B.O and A.O treatments were higher than those in the CH treatment. Among the detected fungi, the B.O treatments were mainly Pichia, Aureobasidium, and Candida genera, while the CH treatments were Botrytis, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. Moreover, significant differences were revealed between the two assessment times (T0 and T1). The samples from the T0 timepoint had higher fungal richness and diversity than the samples from T1 timepoint. Increasing organic fertilizer usage in grape management could improve grape quality and went on to increase the fungal diversity, as well as the relative abundance (RA) of beneficial fungi on grape berry surfaces. The correlation analysis suggested that the pH of the grape juice was significantly negatively correlated with fungal diversity parameters.

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