The Exploitation of Local Vitis vinifera L. Biodiversity as a Valuable Tool to Cope with Climate Change Maintaining Berry Quality

(1) Background: The associated increase in global mean surface temperature together with raised atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is exerting a profound influence on grapevine development (phenology) and grape quality. The exploitation of the local genetic diversity based on the recovery of ancient varieties has been proposed as an interesting option to cope with climate change and maintaining grape quality. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize the potential fruit quality of genotypes from seven local old grapevine varieties grown under climate change conditions. (2) Methods: The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings (one cluster per plant) that were grown in pots in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG). Two treatments were applied from fruit set to maturity: (1) ambient CO2 (400 ppm) and temperature (T) (ACAT) and (2) elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and temperature (T + 4 °C) (ECET). (3) Results: Results showed that some of the old genotypes tested remained quite stable during the climate change conditions in terms of fruit quality (mainly, total soluble solids and phenolic content) and of must antioxidant properties. (4) Conclusion: This research underlines the usefulness of exploiting local grapevine diversity to cope with climate change successfully, although further studies under field conditions and with whole plants are needed before extrapolating the results to the vineyard.

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Multi-Year Comparison of CO2 Concentration from NOAA Carbon Tracker Reanalysis Model with Data from GOSAT and OCO-2 over Asia

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12152498 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 2498

Author(s):

Farhan Mustafa ◽

Lingbing Bu ◽

Qin Wang ◽

Md. Arfan Ali ◽

Muhammad Bilal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Budget ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Spatial Correlations ◽

Western Asia ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Good Agreement

Accurate knowledge of the carbon budget on global and regional scales is critically important to design mitigation strategies aimed at stabilizing the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. For a better understanding of CO2 variation trends over Asia, in this study, the column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction (XCO2) derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) CarbonTracker (CT) was compared with that of Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) from September 2009 to August 2019 and with Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) from September 2014 until August 2019. Moreover, monthly averaged time-series and seasonal climatology comparisons were also performed separately over the five regions of Asia; i.e., Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Western Asia. The results show that XCO2 from GOSAT is higher than the XCO2 simulated by CT by an amount of 0.61 ppm, whereas, OCO-2 XCO2 is lower than CT by 0.31 ppm on average, over Asia. The mean spatial correlations of 0.93 and 0.89 and average Root Mean Square Deviations (RMSDs) of 2.61 and 2.16 ppm were found between the CT and GOSAT, and CT and OCO-2, respectively, implying the existence of a good agreement between the CT and the other two satellites datasets. The spatial distribution of the datasets shows that the larger uncertainties exist over the southwest part of China. Over Asia, NOAA CT shows a good agreement with GOSAT and OCO-2 in terms of spatial distribution, monthly averaged time series, and seasonal climatology with small biases. These results suggest that CO2 can be used from either of the datasets to understand its role in the carbon budget, climate change, and air quality at regional to global scales.

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Assessing Impacts of Climate Change on Phenology and Quality Traits of Vitis vinifera L.: The Contribution of Local Knowledge

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8050121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 121 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rita Biasi ◽

Elena Brunori ◽

Carlotta Ferrara ◽

Luca Salvati

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Central Italy ◽

Climate Variation ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Time Interval ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Berry Quality ◽

Long Time ◽

Related Genotype

Developing adaptation strategies in Vitis vinifera, a crop sensitive to climate change, is crucial for resilience of traditional viticultural systems, especially in climate-vulnerable areas like the Mediterranean basin. A progressive warming is demonstrated to alter the geographical distribution of grapevine, reducing land capability for typical grapes and vine productions in most Southern European districts traditionally specialized in tree crops. Grapevine growth and reproduction under climate change require a continuous monitoring to adapt agronomic practices and strategies to global change. The present study illustrates an empirical approach grounded on a set of bio-physical indicators assessing the genotype-related response to climate variation. This approach was tested in Umbria, central Italy, to verify the response of some major international and local grapevine varieties to climate variation during a relatively long time interval (1995–2015). Long-term data for ripening time and berry quality collected in the study area were correlated to representative bioclimatic indices including Winkler, Huglin, and Cool night indicators. Results of this study highlighted the increase of air temperature (reflecting the inherent growth in thermal availability for maturation) and the alteration of precipitation patterns toward more intense precipitation. Climate variability exerted distinctive impacts on grapevine phenology depending on the related genotype. Empirical findings underline the usefulness of a permanent field monitoring of the relationship between selected climate variables and grape ripening with the aim to develop adaptive viticultural practices at farm’s scale.

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Yield and grape quality of three red grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) in relation to altimetry

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20191302002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 02002

Author(s):

Luca Mercenaro ◽

Ana Fernandes de Oliveira ◽

Massimiliano Cocco ◽

Giovanni Nieddu

Keyword(s):

Soluble Solids ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Grape Quality ◽

Acylated Anthocyanins ◽

Berry Composition ◽

Grape Varieties ◽

Different Altitudes ◽

Phenological Phases

Environment has a great impact on berry composition. In this context we investigated the quality of extremely widespread grape varieties in Sardinia, cvs. Cannonau, Bovale sardo and Monica, cultivated at different altitudes. The work was conducted in a two-year period in two vineyards located respectively at 500 and 700 meters above sea level. Viticultural model and cultivation practices were the same for both vineyards. The following measurements were noted: (i) main phenological phases, (ii) yield and its components, (iii) must quality from veraison to harvest, and (iv) anthocyanin qualitative profiles at harvest. At higher altitude the phenological phases are delayed. Yield was not statistically influenced by altitude. The ripening of the main technological parameters, although similar among the vineyards, suggests that the effects of the different altitude are clear, but they vary according to year and are cultivar dependent. In cv. Cannonau, higher altitude promoted higher total soluble solids. The extractable anthocyanins were not influenced by altitude, although in all tested varieties the higher altitude favored a decrease in the ratio between non-acylated and acylated anthocyanins.

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Climate change and agroecosystems: the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on crop growth, development, and yield

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782005000300041 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 730-740 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Nereu Augusto Streck

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Atmospheric Co2 ◽

C3 Plants ◽

Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽

Growth Development ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The Impact

The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) of the Earth´s atmosphere is increasing, which has the potential of increasing greenhouse effect and air temperature in the future. Plants respond to environment CO2 and temperature. Therefore, climate change may affect agriculture. The purpose of this paper was to review the literature about the impact of a possible increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on crop growth, development, and yield. Increasing CO2 concentration increases crop yield once the substrate for photosynthesis and the gradient of CO2 concentration between atmosphere and leaf increase. C3 plants will benefit more than C4 plants at elevated CO2. However, if global warming will take place, an increase in temperature may offset the benefits of increasing CO2 on crop yield.

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In situ measurement of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> at the four WMO/GAW stations in China

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-14-2541-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 2541-2554 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

S. X. Fang ◽

L. X. Zhou ◽

P. P. Tans ◽

P. Ciais ◽

M. Steinbacher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Northeastern China ◽

Seasonal Cycles ◽

Production Area ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The City

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) mole fractions were continuously measured from January 2009 to December 2011 at four atmospheric observatories in China using cavity ring-down spectroscopy instruments. The stations are Lin'an (LAN), Longfengshan (LFS), Shangdianzi (SDZ), and Waliguan (WLG), which are regional (LAN, LFS, SDZ) or global (WLG) measurement stations of the World Meteorological Organization's Global Atmosphere Watch program (WMO/GAW). LAN is located near the megacity of Shanghai, in China's economically most developed region. LFS is in a forest and rice production area, close to the city of Harbin in northeastern China. SDZ is located 150 km northeast of Beijing. WLG, hosting the longest record of measured CO2 mole fractions in China, is a high-altitude site in northwestern China recording background CO2 concentration. The CO2 growth rates are 3.7 ± 1.2 ppm yr−1 for LAN, 2.7 ± 0.8 ppm yr−1 for LFS, 3.5 ± 1.6 ppm yr−1 for SDZ, and 2.2 ± 0.8 ppm yr−1 (1σ) for WLG during the period of 2009 to 2011. The highest annual mean CO2 mole fraction of 404.2 ± 3.9 ppm was observed at LAN in 2011. A comprehensive analysis of CO2 variations, their diurnal and seasonal cycles as well as the analysis of the influence of local sources on the CO2 mole fractions allows a characterization of the sampling sites and of the key processes driving the CO2 mole fractions. These data form a basis to improve our understanding of atmospheric CO2 variations in China and the underlying fluxes using atmospheric inversion models.

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Pre-Harvest MeJA Application Counteracts the Deleterious Impact of Al and Mn Toxicity in Highbush Blueberry Grown in Acid Soils

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10122730 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2730

Author(s):

Jorge González-Villagra ◽

Rocio Pino ◽

Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau ◽

Paula Cartes ◽

Alejandra Ribera-Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Highbush Blueberry ◽

Mn Toxicity

Volcanic ash-derived soils are characterized by low pH (pH ≤ 5.5) with increased concentrations of aluminum (Al3+) and manganese (Mn2+), which decreases plant growth, fruit quality, and yield. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) improves abiotic stress tolerance. Our work aimed to evaluate the application of MeJA’s impact on the growth, antioxidant defense, and fruit quality of highbush blueberry grown under Al and Mn toxicity. A field assay was conducted with four-year-old bushes of highbush blueberry cultivar Legacy under eight treatments (Control, Al (87% of Al saturation), Mn (240 mg kg−1), and Al–Mn with and without MeJA application). Physiological, biochemical, and fruit quality parameters were measured. Growth rate significantly decreased with Al (20%), Mn (45%), and Al–Mn (40%). MeJA application recovered the growth rate. Photosynthetic parameters were not affected. Antioxidant activity increased under all treatments compared with controls, being higher with MeJA application. Total phenols (TP) were decreased in plants under Al (43%) and Mn (20%) compared with controls. MeJA application increased TP in all treatments. Fruits of bushes under Al and Mn toxicity with MeJA applications exhibited an increase in fruit firmness and weight, maintaining suitable contents of soluble solids. Our results provide insights about the beneficial effect of MeJA application on growth, antioxidant properties, and fruit quality of highbush blueberry plants grown in acid soils under Al and Mn toxicity.

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INVESTIGATING THE HISTORICAL CORRELATION BETWEEN ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION AND GLOBAL TEMPERATURE CHANGE

10.32006/eeep.2021.1.0516 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5-16

Author(s):

Kneev Sharma ◽

Dimitre Karamanev

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Temperature Rise ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Global Temperature ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽

Important Relationship ◽

Atmospheric Carbon

Understanding the fundamental relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and temperature rise is essential for tackling the problem of climate change that faces us today. Misconceptions regarding the relationship are widespread due to media and political influences. This investigation aims to address the popular misconception that CO2 concentration directly and naturally leads to global temperature rise. While anthropogenic CO2 emissions seem to affect the rising global atmospheric temperature with a confidence of 95%, it falters when the historical relationship using ice core data is studied. This investigation uses two statistical approaches to determine an accurate range and direction for this important relationship. Through a combined approach, it was found that historically CO2 concentration in the last 650 000 years lags global temperature rise by 1020-1080 years with a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.8371-0.8372. This result is important for the investigation of climate change.

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Increasing Nitrogen Availability at Veraison through Foliar Applications: Implications for Leaf Assimilation and Fruit Ripening under Source Limitation in ‘Chardonnay’ (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapevines

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.48.5.608 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 608-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Letizia Tozzini ◽

Paolo Sabbatini ◽

G. Stanley Howell

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Urea Solution ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

N Availability ◽

Wine Production ◽

Defoliation Treatment

Viticulture in Michigan is often limited by cool and humid climate conditions that impact vine growth and the achievement of adequate fruit quality at harvest. Sugars, pH, acids, and yeast available nitrogen (YAN) are indices of quality and, as such, of suitability for wine production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of foliar nitrogen (N) fertilization applied as a 1% w/v urea solution at veraison as a method to increase canopy N availability during the fruit ripening stage. To test the effect on different source sink conditions, we imposed three levels of defoliation (0%, 33%, and 66% of leaves removed per vine) and measured net photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaf efficiency parameters, yield components, and fruit quality parameters. Apical leaf Pn was increased by the 33% defoliation (+12% from the undefoliated control) and by the urea application (+6%) 2 weeks after veraison. In basal leaves we observed a reduction in chlorophyll content (SPAD) and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) as a result of the defoliation treatment and secondarily by the N application, which resulted in a reduction in Pn. Therefore, mean shoot Pn was unaffected by the treatments. Although neither main nor lateral shoot growth was increased by any defoliation treatment, both percent soluble solids (%SS) and berry weight were significantly reduced by the 66% defoliation treatment. Application of urea increased yeast available amino acids by 20% but did not impact %SS or other chemical parameters indicating a different accumulation pathway for sugars and amino acids in the berry.

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The importance of pruning to the quality of wine grape fruits (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated under high-altitude tropical conditions

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n3.47048 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 341-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pedro José Almanza-Merchán ◽

Gerhard Fischer ◽

Germán Eduardo Cely R.

Keyword(s):

High Altitude ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Factor Design ◽

Grape Varieties

Since 1998, the Ain-Karim Vineyard has been growing different grape varieties for the production of high-altitude tropical wines in the municipality of Sutamarchan, located in the Alto Ricaurte region of Boyaca (Colombia). Pruning is used to limit the number and length of branches, generating a suitable balance between plant vigor and production; thereby, regulating fruit quantity and quality and ensuring reserves for the subsequent production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three pruning types (short = two buds on two spurs; long = five buds on three spurs and mixed = combination of short and long pruning types) on the fruit quality of V. vinifera, Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc varieties. To accomplish this, a completely randomized two-factor design was used. Physicochemical variables of fruit quality (fresh cluster weight, water content, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), technical maturity index (TMI), and pH) were determined at harvest. The long pruning type presented the highest values for the fresh cluster weight and TSS of the fruits from both varieties and a higher TMI in the Cabernet Sauvignon variety. These results indicate that, under the conditions of the vineyard, long pruning is the most suitable.

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Salt stress on physiology, biometry and fruit quality of grafted Passiflora edulis

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n3a2020-47693 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Regiana Dos Santos Moura ◽

Hans Raj Gheyi ◽

Everaldo Moreira Da Silva ◽

Elisson de Araújo Dias ◽

Caliane Silva Da Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Number Of Leaves

The production of grafted passion fruit is an alternative for plant adaptation to saline environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salt stress on physiology, biometry and fruit quality of P. edulis grafted on Passiflora spp. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design, in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to three species of Passiflora (P. edulis, P. gibertii and P. cincinnata) with P. edulis scion and two levels of irrigation water salinity (0.5 - control and 4.5 dS m-1), with four repetitions. Water salinity compromises gas exchanges (CO2 assimilation raste and transpiration) and physiological variables (total chlorophyll and total water consumption) in grafted P. edulis. The interaction between the factors (water salinity x species) compromised only the growth in plant height and number of leaves. In relation to the species, auto-grafted P. edulis stood out from the other species, with higher internal CO2 concentration, number of leaves, stem dry mass, peel thickness, total soluble solids (TSS) of the pulp and TSS/TA ratio (titratable acidity). Auto-grafted P. edulis under saline conditions develops vital mechanisms (TSS and TSS/TA), which attenuates the effects of salt stress on the physico-chemical quality of the fruits.

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