Analytical strategies to detect and quantify pharmaceutical residues in marine biota

Abstract. Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for most mental disorders, including anxiety disorders. Successful psychotherapy implies new learning experiences and therefore neural alterations. With the increasing availability of functional neuroimaging methods, it has become possible to investigate psychotherapeutically induced neuronal plasticity across the whole brain in controlled studies. However, the detectable effects strongly depend on neuroscientific methods, experimental paradigms, analytical strategies, and sample characteristics. This article summarizes the state of the art, discusses current theoretical and methodological issues, and suggests future directions of the research on the neurobiology of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders.

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Determination of core zone of marine sanctuary in Bahoi Village, North Minahasa Regency

AQUATIC SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT ◽

10.35800/jasm.0.0.2013.2271 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Sonny Tasidjawa ◽

Stephanus V Mandagi ◽

Ridwan Lasabuda

Keyword(s):

Conventional Method ◽

Local Community ◽

Marine Protected Area ◽

Final Decision ◽

Marine Biota ◽

Small Community ◽

Community Based ◽

Simple Method ◽

Core Zone ◽

The Core

Bahoi village is located in West Likupang District of North Minahasa Regency. It is one of the villages that is included in the conservation network of North Sulawesi Province. A marine sanctuary has been established in this village in 2003 and it has been managed by local community, known as community-based marine sanctuary management, since then, this sanctuary has been in operation. As a small community-based marine protected area with lots of users, it requires an appropriate method to determine the Core Zone that allows an effective preservation of the marine biota. This is the driving factor of this study. The purpose of this study is to examine the processes and output of determining the core zone of a Marine Sanctuary using a conventional method and Marxan Method. The conventional method is a simple method in determining a core zone such as using manta tow technique. While Marxan, it only requires input of data such as spatial and figures to generate information for determining the core zone. After comparing the processes of these two methods in the study site, it was found that Marxan method was more effective and more accurate with lower costs than the conventional one. In addition, the final decision of the core zone depended on the outcome of the village meetings when the conventional method was applied. This long process could be avoided when Marxan method was used. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use Marxan in determining core zones© Desa Bahoi terletak di Kecamatan Likupang Barat Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Desa ini merupakan salah satu desa yang masuk dalam jejaringan kawasan konservasi di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Sebuah Daerah Perlindungan Laut telah didirikan di desa ini pada tahun 2003 dan dikelolah oleh masyarakat setempat, yang dikenal sebagai pengelolaan Daerah Perlindungan Laut Berbasis Masyarakat, sejak saat itu Daerah Perlindungan Laut ini telah beroperasi. Sebagai Daerah Perlindungan Laut Berbasis Masyarakat yang kecil namun memiliki banyak pengguna, diperlukan metode tepat yang akan menentukan Zona Inti yang memungkinkan pelestarian biota laut menjadi sangat efektif. Ini adalah faktor pendorong dari penelitian. Selanjutnya, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji proses dan hasil penentuan zona inti Daerah Perlindungan Laut dengan menggunakan metode konvensional seperti survei manta tow dan marxan. Metode konvensional adalah metode sederhana dalam menentukan zona inti seperti teknik manta tow. Sedangkan marxan, hanya perlu memasukan data seperti spasial dan angka untuk menghasilkan informasi penentuan zona inti. Setelah membandingkan proses dari dua metode di lokasi penelitian, ditemukan bahwa metode marxan jauh lebih baik dari pada metode konvensional, karena lebih efektif, lebih akurat dengan biaya yang lebih rendah. Selain itu, keputusan akhir dari zona inti tergantung pada hasil rapat desa ketika metode konvensional diterapkan, proses panjang ini dapat dihindari jika metode marxan digunakan©

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Submarine basaltic eruptions across the Guadalupian-Lopingian transition in the Emeishan large igneous province: Implication for end-Guadalupian extinction of marine biota

Gondwana Research ◽

10.1016/j.gr.2020.12.025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 92 ◽

pp. 228-238

Author(s):

Jiang Zhu ◽

Zhaochong Zhang ◽

M. Santosh ◽

Shucheng Tan ◽

Ziliang Jin

Keyword(s):

Large Igneous Province ◽

Marine Biota ◽

Emeishan Large Igneous Province ◽

Igneous Province

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Boat Noise and Black Drum Vocalizations in Mar Chiquita Coastal Lagoon (Argentina)

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9010044 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Maria Ceraulo ◽

María Paz Sal Moyano ◽

Fernando Jose Hidalgo ◽

María Cielo Bazterrica ◽

Salvatore Mazzola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Coastal Lagoon ◽

Acoustic Method ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Reproductive Period ◽

Anthropogenic Noise ◽

Marine Biota ◽

Call Rate ◽

Noise Frequency ◽

Passive Acoustic

Human-generated underwater noise and its effect on marine biota is recognized as an important issue. Boat noise can affect the communication success of fish species that use sounds for spawning purposes. During the reproductive period, males of the black drum Pogonias spp. produce calls ranging from 90 Hz to 300 Hz. In the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (Buenos Aires, Argentina), Pogonias courbina is one of the primary fishing species. Although no regulation is directly applied to protect it, a ban protects the reproductive period of other fish species during weekdays. Here, we investigated the potential effect of boat noise on P. courbina vocalizations through a passive acoustic method. Acoustic data were collected, and P. courbina calls were identified and counted. The files with boat noise passages were categorized into classes according to their noise frequency range (A = below 700 Hz, B = over 700 Hz, and C = below and above 700 Hz). The fish call rate was lower in files where boat noise overlapped the fish call frequency (Classes A and C). Only boat noise from Class C was significantly reduced during days with the active fishing ban. These results suggest that anthropogenic noise may affect the P. courbina call rate and underline the importance of including the evaluation of anthropogenic noise in the current management of the area.

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Variability in nitrogen-derived trophic levels of Arctic marine biota

Polar Biology ◽

10.1007/s00300-020-02782-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Renske P. J. Hoondert ◽

Nico W. van den Brink ◽

Martine J. van den Heuvel-Greve ◽

Ad M. J. Ragas ◽

A. Jan Hendriks

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Enrichment Factors ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

The Arctic ◽

Marine Biota ◽

Arctic Ecosystems ◽

Arctic Species ◽

Single Region ◽

Benthic Food ◽

Species Specific

AbstractStable isotopes are often used to provide an indication of the trophic level (TL) of species. TLs may be derived by using food-web-specific enrichment factors in combination with a representative baseline species. It is challenging to sample stable isotopes for all species, regions and seasons in Arctic ecosystems, e.g. because of practical constraints. Species-specific TLs derived from a single region may be used as a proxy for TLs for the Arctic as a whole. However, its suitability is hampered by incomplete knowledge on the variation in TLs. We quantified variation in TLs of Arctic species by collating data on stable isotopes across the Arctic, including corresponding fractionation factors and baseline species. These were used to generate TL distributions for species in both pelagic and benthic food webs for four Arctic areas, which were then used to determine intra-sample, intra-study, intra-region and inter-region variation in TLs. Considerable variation in TLs of species between areas was observed. This is likely due to differences in parameter choice in estimating TLs (e.g. choice of baseline species) and seasonal, temporal and spatial influences. TLs between regions were higher than the variance observed within regions, studies or samples. This implies that TLs derived within one region may not be suitable as a proxy for the Arctic as a whole. The TL distributions derived in this study may be useful in bioaccumulation and climate change studies, as these provide insight in the variability of trophic levels of Arctic species.

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Interlaboratory comparison of microplastic extraction methods from marine biota tissues: A harmonization exercise of the Plastic Busters MPAs project

Marine Pollution Bulletin ◽

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111992 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 164 ◽

pp. 111992

Author(s):

Catherine Tsangaris ◽

Cristina Panti ◽

Montserrat Compa ◽

Cristina Pedà ◽

Nikoletta Digka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Interlaboratory Comparison ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Marine Biota

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Sub-Chronic Effects of Slight PAH- and PCB-Contaminated Mesocosms in Paracentrotus lividus Lmk: A Multi-Endpoint Approach and De Novo Transcriptomic

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22136674 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 6674

Author(s):

Luisa Albarano ◽

Valerio Zupo ◽

Davide Caramiello ◽

Maria Toscanesi ◽

Marco Trifuoggi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

De Novo ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Transcriptome Assembly ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus ◽

Marine Biota ◽

De Novo Transcriptome Assembly ◽

De Novo Transcriptome ◽

Limit Values ◽

The Impact ◽

Endpoint Approach

Sediment pollution is a major issue in coastal areas, potentially endangering human health and the marine environments. We investigated the short-term sublethal effects of sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus for two months. Spiking occurred at concentrations below threshold limit values permitted by the law (TLVPAHs = 900 µg/L, TLVPCBs = 8 µg/L, Legislative Italian Decree 173/2016). A multi-endpoint approach was adopted, considering both adults (mortality, bioaccumulation and gonadal index) and embryos (embryotoxicity, genotoxicity and de novo transcriptome assembly). The slight concentrations of PAHs and PCBs added to the mesocosms were observed to readily compartmentalize in adults, resulting below the detection limits just one week after their addition. Reconstructed sediment and seawater, as negative controls, did not affect sea urchins. PAH- and PCB-spiked mesocosms were observed to impair P. lividus at various endpoints, including bioaccumulation and embryo development (mainly PAHs) and genotoxicity (PAHs and PCBs). In particular, genotoxicity tests revealed that PAHs and PCBs affected the development of P. lividus embryos deriving from exposed adults. Negative effects were also detected by generating a de novo transcriptome assembly and its annotation, as well as by real-time qPCR performed to identify genes differentially expressed in adults exposed to the two contaminants. The effects on sea urchins (both adults and embryos) at background concentrations of PAHs and PCBs below TLV suggest a need for further investigations on the impact of slight concentrations of such contaminants on marine biota.

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Analyzing Failed Institutional Change Attempts

Political Research Quarterly ◽

10.1177/1065912921989442 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106591292198944

Author(s):

Sukriti Issar ◽

Matthias Dilling

Keyword(s):

Institutional Change ◽

Comparative Politics ◽

Change Agents ◽

The United States ◽

Coalition Building ◽

Strategic Action ◽

Formal Stability ◽

Political Effects ◽

Analytical Strategies ◽

Empirical Regularity

Theoretical advances in the study of institutional change center around a productive paradox. While change agents can take strategic action to change institutions, institutions display a remarkable level of formal stability. From this paradox, we expect that attempts to change institutions are an empirical regularity and that many formal change attempts will fail. This article contributes to historical institutionalism by analyzing the political effects of failed formal institutional change attempts on institutional sequences. Failed institutional change attempts could be mere blips, having little effect on subsequent institutional trajectories, or even inoculate against future attempts. Failed attempts could also lay the ideational groundwork, aid in coalition building, and garner concessions for subsequent institutional change, or convince change agents to alter their strategy. The article suggests analytical strategies to assess the effects of failed institutional change attempts, drawing on examples from comparative politics and two extended case illustrations from Italian party politics and the Affordable Care Act in the United States.

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Microplastics in marine biota: A review

Marine Pollution Bulletin ◽

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112540 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 169 ◽

pp. 112540

Author(s):

Kevin Ugwu ◽

Alicia Herrera ◽

May Gómez

Keyword(s):

Marine Biota

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Plastic Pollution from Ships

Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science ◽

10.18048/2016.51.04 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 57-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jelena Čulin ◽

Toni Bielić

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Health Risk ◽

Human Health ◽

Marine Environment ◽

Detrimental Effect ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Monitoring Data ◽

Marine Biota ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Risk Monitoring

The environmental impact of shipping on marine environment includes discharge of garbage. Plastic litter is of particular concern due to abundance, resistance to degradation and detrimental effect on marine biota. According to recently published studies, a further research is required to assess human health risk. Monitoring data indicate that despite banning plastic disposal at sea, shipping is still a source of plastic pollution. Some of the measures to combat the problem are discussed.

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