Main Study—Luis Lopes Skeletal Collection

Abstract. This research examines if aggressive responses through a shooter bias are systematically generated by priming outgroups or if a threat stereotypically associated with the primed outgroup is required. First, a pilot study identified outgroups stereotypically associated and not associated with threat. Afterwards, the main study included a manipulation of target group accessibility – ingroup versus nonthreatening outgroup versus threatening outgroup. Following exposure to primes of the group categories, the participants in all conditions played a shooter game in which the targets were males and females with ambiguous ethnicity and religion. Results demonstrated that while only priming of an outgroup stereotypically associated with threat elicits aggressive responses, priming of both nonthreatening and threatening outgroups leads to an increase in the ability to distinguish between stimuli compared to ingroup priming. These effects are discussed in terms of priming effects, dimensions of threat, and possible interpretations of this ability increase.

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Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780198712145.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

M.G.L. Mills ◽

M.E.J. Mills

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Arid Region ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Distribution Range ◽

Individual Identification ◽

Behavioural Ecology ◽

Main Study ◽

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

Data Loggers ◽

Prime Objective

Most cheetah studies have been confined to mesic savannahs, yet much of its distribution range covers arid systems. The prime objective in this study was to examine the species’ adaptations to an arid region, to compare the results with those from other cheetah studies, especially from the Serengeti, and to analyse the data within the framework of carnivore population and behavioural ecology. The study was conducted in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park South Africa/Botswana, an area receiving 180–250 mm rainfall per year. Tracking spoor with the help of Bushmen trackers and continuous follows of 21 VHF radio-collared cheetahs were the main study methods used. These were supported by photographic records for individual identification, DNA studies for genetic aspects including paternity, and the use of doubly labelled water and the fitting of miniature data loggers for energetic studies. The statistical tests used to analyse the data are described.

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Comparison of simulation observer tools on engagement and maximising learning: a pilot study

International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship ◽

10.1515/ijnes-2019-0110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sandra Johnston ◽

Naomi Tutticci ◽

Karen Theobald ◽

Joanne Ramsbotham

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Clinical Reasoning ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Reasoning Ability ◽

Main Study ◽

Standard Observer ◽

Learning Behaviours ◽

And Training

Abstract Objectives This pilot study examined if the Clinical Reasoning Observer Worksheet (CROW) compared to a standard observer worksheet used during simulation, would enhance nursing students active learning behaviours and perceptions of clinical reasoning ability. Methods This pilot study was undertaken to test the design and processes for a future larger study and reports on preliminary evidence of efficacy of recruitment procedures and instrumentation in addition to student’s learning outcomes. Results There was little overall difference in outcomes between groups who used either simulation observer worksheet. Overall, participants who used either worksheet perceived their ability to apply clinical reasoning to an episode of patient care increased. Conclusions Modifications were identified as necessary for a larger study including changes to instrumentation, method of survey delivery and training of simulation facilitators. A more definitive evaluation will be achievable with a larger group of students in a main study with the suggested modifications.

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Characterizing Physical Resilience in Older Adults: Insights From Secondary Analyses in Three Clinical Groups

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 752-753

Author(s):

Brian Buta ◽

Anne Newman

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽

Marrow Transplantation ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Clinical Population ◽

Medical Procedure ◽

Main Study ◽

Secondary Analyses ◽

Existing Data

Abstract Resilience is defined as the ability of a physiologic system to recover from a stressor that has pushed the system into a state far from its original state of equilibrium. The level of resilience can be understood by whether or not the system’s essential identity and function are retained following the stressor. The study of resilience in older adults has potential to provide clinically relevant insights into our understanding of who will or will not recover when encountering a stressful medical procedure, especially those common to older patients. The main Study of Physical Resilience and Aging (SPRING) at Johns Hopkins includes prospective data collection of determinants, phenotypes, surrogates, dynamic stimulation measures, and outcomes of resiliency among older persons undergoing knee replacement surgery, or the initiation of hemodialysis, or bone marrow transplantation. SPRING also includes analyses of existing data sources to inform these prospective studies. This symposium briefly presents the conceptual framework and design of SPRING, and focuses on the results of secondary analyses from three existing data sets that mirror the ongoing stressor studies: FORCE-TKR (knee/joint replacement, N=9006), CHOICE (dialysis initiation, N=487), and a database of patients undergoing treatment for hematologic malignancies (bone marrow transplantation, N=1011). For each clinical population, we present results on phenotypic and/or biomarker trajectories, as well as the factors associated with resilience phenotypes and how these are predictive of clinical outcomes. These analyses display the utility of resilience phenotypes for predicting risk of adverse outcomes and complement the new data being collected in our main study.

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The Effect of State Gratitude on Cognitive Flexibility: A Within-Subject Experimental Approach

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10070413 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 413

Author(s):

Andree Hartanto ◽

Nadia C. H. Ong ◽

Wee Qin Ng ◽

Nadyanna M. Majeed

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Cognitive Flexibility ◽

Positive Emotion ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Experimental Approach ◽

Main Study ◽

Considerable Research ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

The Relationship

Considerable research has examined the relationship between positive emotion and cognitive flexibility. Less is known, however, about the causal relationship between discrete positive emotions, specifically gratitude, and cognitive flexibility. Given that different positive emotions may dissimilarly affect cognitive functioning, we sought to examine the effect of state gratitude on cognitive flexibility. A pilot study with ninety-five participants was employed to ensure the effectiveness of our gratitude manipulation. One hundred and thirteen participants were recruited for the main study, which utilized a within-subject experimental approach. After the manipulation, participants completed a well-established task-switching paradigm, which was used to measure cognitive flexibility. Contrary to our hypotheses, we did not find any evidence that state gratitude may enhance cognitive flexibility. The current study identified some boundary conditions around the potential benefits of the experience of gratitude.

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Sex Differences in Perceived Attributes of Computer-Mediated Communication

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.2003.92.1.231 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 231-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vernon B. Harper

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Computer Mediated Communication ◽

Communication Competence ◽

Communication Studies ◽

Main Study ◽

Mediated Communication ◽

Computer Mediated ◽

Competence Scale ◽

Strongly Agree

Researchers have pointed to the influence of sex with respect to the attributes of the computer medium. The author elaborates upon possible sex differences in reference to perceived attributes of the computer medium, i.e., Richness, Accessibility, Velocity, Interactivity, Plasticity, and Immediacy. Data from both a pilot and main study are reported and interpreted. The pilot study included 78 participants, while the main study involved 211 The independent samples were composed of Communication Studies students enrolled at two Mid-Atlantic universities. Nine items with anchors of 1: strongly disagree and 7: strongly agree were taken from the 2000 Computer Mediated Communication Competence Scale of Spitzberg to assess the attributes of computer-mediated interaction. The results indicate that women scored higher than men on perceptions of Accessibility, Velocity, Interactivity, and Immediacy.

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Safety Analysis of Static & Dynamic Method in Foundation Pit Considering Unsaturated Seepage

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.946 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 444-445 ◽

pp. 946-950

Author(s):

Yi Hong Zhou ◽

Xiu Wen Li ◽

Yun Feng Peng ◽

Ting Zhang

Keyword(s):

Slope Stability ◽

Dynamic Analysis ◽

Unsaturated Zone ◽

Dynamic Method ◽

Soil Consolidation ◽

Main Study ◽

Dynamic Boundary Conditions ◽

Foundation Pit ◽

Consolidation Settlement ◽

Unsaturated Seepage

In order to study whether foundation pit is stable or not after excavation, the article adopted the Duncan E-B model to make static analysis for the excavation scheme which considering the soil consolidation settlement and to make dynamic analysis under the action of earthquake wave of EL Centro. To make a slope stability of foundation pit analysis by calculating static and dynamic boundary conditions which further coupled with the Newmark method. The main study is the foundation settlement and earth-rock dams, slope stability of foundation pit conditions that considering unsaturated zone seepage conditions of earth-rock dams after the excavation. The results indicated that: in the static & dynamic analysis, the distribution about settlement is reasonable, earth-rock dam and foundation pit slope is in the steady state, the excavation scheme is reasonable and feasible.

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Factors affecting behavioural disturbances in race-horses

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800009644 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 475-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

I. Redbo ◽

P. Redbo-Torstensson ◽

F. O. Ödberg ◽

A. Hedendahl ◽

J. Holm

Keyword(s):

External Factors ◽

Small Field ◽

Positive Relation ◽

Main Study ◽

Social Contacts ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Negative Relation ◽

Stereotyped Behaviours ◽

Race Horses ◽

And Training

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to identify relations between stereotyped behaviours (cribbing, weaving and box-walking) and wood-chewing in thoroughbred flat-racing horses (TB) and standardbred trotters and the different management, feeding and training factors to which these horses are exposed. This was obtained by inquiries to all the professional trainers of TB and trottinghorses used for racing in Sweden. The usable response rates were 61% for trotters and 72% for TB representing 4597 trotters from 234 stables and 644 TB from 38 stables. A small field study was carried out to control the validity of the main study which gave results similar to those in the main study. There was a large difference between the two horse categories in the occurrence of behavioural disturbances. The TB had significantly more stereotypies than the trotters (P < 0·001) but there were no differences in the occurrence of wood-chewing. There were several differences in external factors between the horse categories, e.g. trotters had more opportunities for social contacts with other horses, they also had more free time outside the stable and they were trained a shorter time per week than the TB. The TB were given larger amounts of concentrate than the trotters. Wood-chewing within each horse category was explained by the amount of roughage (P < 0·05 in trotters and P < 0·001 in TB) together with other factors. Stereotypies in the TB were explained by: amount of concentrate (positive relation), number of horses per trainer (positive relation) and amount of roughage (negative relation).

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The Relationship between Korean Adolescents’ Sports Participation, Internal Health Locus of Control, and Wellness during COVID-19

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18062950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 2950

Author(s):

Dae-Jung Lee ◽

Wi-Young So ◽

Seung-Man Lee

Keyword(s):

Locus Of Control ◽

Health Locus Of Control ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Sports Participation ◽

Pilot Test ◽

Main Study ◽

Korean Adolescents ◽

Adolescent Students ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Positive Effect

This study was aimed at providing practical information to improve Korean adolescents’ wellness by empirically identifying its correlation with sports participation and having an internal health locus of control (IHLC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study comprised both a pilot test and a main study. We recruited 844 Korean adolescents as subjects in January 2021 to participate in an online self-reported survey. The reliability and validity of the scales used (sports participation, IHLC, and wellness) were verified through a pilot test. In the main study, we verified the differences between all variables according to adolescents’ demographic characteristics and the structural relationship of sports participation, IHLC, and wellness. Sports participation had a positive effect on IHLC (p < 0.001) and wellness (p < 0.001). Additionally, IHLC had a positive effect on wellness (p < 0.001). In juvenile educational institutions, there is a need to develop strategies to increase wellness, sports participation, and IHLC among adolescent students, which can improve their wellness in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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