Recent development in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)-based biocomposites and their potential industrial applications: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 329-368
Author(s):  
M.D. Hazrol ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
M.Y.M. Zuhri ◽  
E.S. Zainudin ◽  
N.I.A. Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus

UV Absorption Microspectrophotometry and Histochemistry of Flax and Kenaf

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 846-847
Author(s):  
D.E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Fiber Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uv Absorption ◽  
Bast Fibers ◽  
Histochemical Tests

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) are the sources of fibers used for textiles and other industrial applications. Both flax and kenaf produce fibers in the bast region (Fig. 1, 2) which must be separated from other tissues by retting. Although both flax and kenaf are bast fibers, their properties are vastly different. UV absorption microspectrophotometry and histochemistry elucidate their chemistry and structure related to enzymatic retting.Aromatics such as lignins are produced by plants for protection and strength, but their presence inhibits microbial degradation, which is necessary in retting. Histochemical tests indicated variations in the site and type of aromatics within these two plants (1,2). In flax, acid phloroglucinol but not chlorine-sulfite gave positive reactions occasionally in fiber cell walls in the bast. The other cell walls in the bast did not contain aromatics by these tests, although aromatics occurred in the cuticle.

scholarly journals Emulsifying conditions and processing parameters optimisation of kenaf seed oil-in-water nanoemulsions stabilised by ternary emulsifier mixtures

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai M Cheong ◽  
Chin P Tan ◽  
Kar L Nyam
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Kenaf Seed ◽  
Kenaf Seed Oil ◽  
Emulsifier Concentration

Kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed oil has been proven for its multi-pharmacological benefits; however, its poor water solubility and stability have limited its industrial applications. This study was aimed to further improve the stability of pre-developed kenaf seed oil-in-water nanoemulsions by using food-grade ternary emulsifiers. The effects of emulsifier concentration (1, 5, 10, 15% w/w), homogenisation pressure (16,000, 22,000, 28,000 psi), and homogenisation cycles (three, four, five cycles) were studied to produce high stability of kenaf seed oil-in-water nanoemulsions using high pressure homogeniser. Generally, results showed that the emulsifier concentration and homogenisation conditions had great effect ( p < 0.05) on the particle sizes, polydispersity index and hence the physical stability of nanoemulsions. Homogenisation parameters at 28,000 psi for three cycles produced the most stable homogeneous nanoemulsions that were below 130 nm, below 0.16, and above −40 mV of particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy micrograph showed that the optimised nanoemulsions had a good distribution within nano-range. The optimised nanoemulsions were proved to be physically stable for up to six weeks of storage at room temperature. The results from this study also provided valuable information in producing stable kenaf seed oil nanoemulsions for the future application in food and nutraceutical industries.

Removal of Pb (II) by CS2 Modified Kenaf Powder

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Raihan Zakaria ◽  
Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah ◽  
Siti Norhafiza Mohd Khazaai ◽  
Zurhana Mat Hussin ◽  
Wan Khaima Azira Wan Mat Khalir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
Isotherm Study ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Adsorbent Characterization

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is a hardy crop that has wide industrial applications such as insulator, paper, carpet padding, bedding and a good adsorbent for oil. This study investigated the ability of carbon disulfide (CS2) modified kenaf (CMK) to remove toxic Pb (II) from waste water. Adsorbent characterization was carried out by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscope (FESEM-EDX) analysis. The adsorption kinetic data was well described by pseudo-second-order model and the adsorption isotherm study indicated that Langmuir model fitted well with the experimental data than the Freundlich model. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacities of Pb (II) (qmax) was 63.3 mg g-1 .This study suggested that CMK has a good potential to be used as an adsorbent material for Pb (II) removal from aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Genetic studies of fibre yield-related traits and days to anthesis in some kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) accessions

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyinka Olawale ◽  
Balogun Oluwatoyin
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Fibre Yield ◽  
Block Experiment

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an economically important and multi-purpose natural fibre crop with several industrial applications. However, its potentials have not been fully maximised due to poor yield and its narrow genetic base which limited the available hybrids. The low yield is attributed to high photoperiod sensitivity of most kenaf accessions because it reduces the vegetative growth. This study attempts to understand the genetic architecture of days to anthesis of kenaf towards the development of a photo-insensitive kenaf hybrid. Two early maturing Nigerian kenaf accessions: NHC (12)1 and NHC (3)2, and two late maturing accessions (NHC [9]2 and NHC 15) were crossed to generate F1 population. The F1 hybrid together with its parents and its reciprocals were planted in a randomised complete block experiment design with three replicates. Data were collected on days to anthesis (DTA), plant height (HAH), basal stem girth (GAH), base diameter (BDAH) and weight at harvest (WAH) for analysis. The mean squares were significant for DTA, HAH, DBAH, GAH and WAH. DTA exhibited the highest broad-sense heritability value (0.98) among other traits. The GCA: SCA ratio for DTA and BDAH signifies that the effect of non-additive genes was prevalent because it was lower than a unity while the additive gene action was predominant in HAH. The negative GCA estimates for NHC (12)1 and NHC (9)2 indicated a poor combining ability. Only NHC (3)2 x NHC (9)2 showed good specific combining ability (-5.75, 0.33, 0.85, 91.46) for DTA, GAH, BDAH and WAH respectively. NHC (12)1 x NHC (9)2, NHC (3)2 x NHC (9)2, NHC (3)2 x NHC 15, NHC (9)2 x 3NHC (3)2, NHC (9)2 x NHC 15, NHC 15 x NHC (3)2, NHC 15 x NHC (9)2 showed negative significant percent of F1 heterosis above the mid-parent in days to anthesis and could be employed to breed photo-insensitive early maturing kenaf.

The Application of Ultra-Thin Sectioning Techniques to Non-Biological Samples

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
C. F. Oster
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Embedding Medium

Although ultra-thin sectioning techniques are widely used in the biological sciences, their applications are somewhat less popular but very useful in industrial applications. This presentation will review several specific applications where ultra-thin sectioning techniques have proven invaluable.The preparation of samples for sectioning usually involves embedding in an epoxy resin. Araldite 6005 Resin and Hardener are mixed so that the hardness of the embedding medium matches that of the sample to reduce any distortion of the sample during the sectioning process. No dehydration series are needed to prepare our usual samples for embedding, but some types require hardening and staining steps. The embedded samples are sectioned with either a prototype of a Porter-Blum Microtome or an LKB Ultrotome III. Both instruments are equipped with diamond knives.In the study of photographic film, the distribution of the developed silver particles through the layer is important to the image tone and/or scattering power. Also, the morphology of the developed silver is an important factor, and cross sections will show this structure.

The mensuration of interfaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
W.M. Stobbs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Lattice Resolution ◽  
Analogue To Digital ◽  
The Way

I do not have access to the abstracts of the first meeting of EMSA but at this, the 50th Anniversary meeting of the Electron Microscopy Society of America, I have an excuse to consider the historical origins of the approaches we take to the use of electron microscopy for the characterisation of materials. I have myself been actively involved in the use of TEM for the characterisation of heterogeneities for little more than half of that period. My own view is that it was between the 3rd International Meeting at London, and the 1956 Stockholm meeting, the first of the European series , that the foundations of the approaches we now take to the characterisation of a material using the TEM were laid down. (This was 10 years before I took dynamical theory to be etched in stone.) It was at the 1956 meeting that Menter showed lattice resolution images of sodium faujasite and Hirsch, Home and Whelan showed images of dislocations in the XlVth session on “metallography and other industrial applications”. I have always incidentally been delighted by the way the latter authors misinterpreted astonishingly clear thickness fringes in a beaten (”) foil of Al as being contrast due to “large strains”, an error which they corrected with admirable rapidity as the theory developed. At the London meeting the research described covered a broad range of approaches, including many that are only now being rediscovered as worth further effort: however such is the power of “the image” to persuade that the above two papers set trends which influence, perhaps too strongly, the approaches we take now. Menter was clear that the way the planes in his image tended to be curved was associated with the imaging conditions rather than with lattice strains, and yet it now seems to be common practice to assume that the dots in an “atomic resolution image” can faithfully represent the variations in atomic spacing at a localised defect. Even when the more reasonable approach is taken of matching the image details with a computed simulation for an assumed model, the non-uniqueness of the interpreted fit seems to be rather rarely appreciated. Hirsch et al., on the other hand, made a point of using their images to get numerical data on characteristics of the specimen they examined, such as its dislocation density, which would not be expected to be influenced by uncertainties in the contrast. Nonetheless the trends were set with microscope manufacturers producing higher and higher resolution microscopes, while the blind faith of the users in the image produced as being a near directly interpretable representation of reality seems to have increased rather than been generally questioned. But if we want to test structural models we need numbers and it is the analogue to digital conversion of the information in the image which is required.

The influence of confocal microscope design on imaging performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
C J R Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Confocal Microscope ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Weak Signals ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Imaging Performance ◽  
Fundamental Limitation

The confocal microscope is now widely used in both biomedical and industrial applications for imaging, in three dimensions, objects with appreciable depth. There are now a range of different microscopes on the market, which have adopted a variety of different designs. The aim of this paper is to explore the effects on imaging performance of design parameters including the method of scanning, the type of detector, and the size and shape of the confocal aperture.It is becoming apparent that there is no such thing as an ideal confocal microscope: all systems have limitations and the best compromise depends on what the microscope is used for and how it is used. The most important compromise at present is between image quality and speed of scanning, which is particularly apparent when imaging with very weak signals. If great speed is not of importance, then the fundamental limitation for fluorescence imaging is the detection of sufficient numbers of photons before the fluorochrome bleaches.

Microstructural characterization of sol-gel coating on PET films

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 886-887
Author(s):  
R. T. Chen ◽  
R.A. Norwood
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Refractive Index Measurement ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Pet Films

Sol-gel processing has been used to control the structure of a material on a nanometer scale in preparing advanced ceramics and glasses. Film coating using the sol-gel process was also found to be a viable process technology in applications such as optical, porous, antireflection and hard coatings. In this study, organically modified silicate (Ormosil) coatings are applied to PET films for various industrial applications. Sol-gel materials are known to exhibit nanometer scale structures which havepreviously been characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), neutron scattering and light scattering. Imaging of the ultrafine sol-gel structures has also been performed using an ultrahigh resolution replica/TEM technique. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ultrafine structures inthe sol gel coatings using a direct imaging technique: atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, correlation of microstructures with processing parameters, coating density and other physical properties will be discussed.The materials evaluated are organically modified silicate coatings on PET film substrates. Refractive index measurement by the prism coupling method was used to assess density of the sol-gel coating.AFM imaging was performed on a Nanoscope III AFM (by Digital Instruments) using constant force mode. Solgel coating samples coated with a thin layer of Ft (by ion beam sputtering) were also examined by STM in order to confirm the structures observed in the contact type AFM. In addition, to compare the previous results, sol-gel powder samples were also prepared by ultrasonication followed by Pt/Au shadowing and examined using a JEOL 100CX TEM.

Electron energy loss near edge structures of intermetallic alloys and grain boundaries in NiAl

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 522-523
Author(s):  
G.A. Botton ◽  
C.J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Yield Behaviour ◽  
Late Transition ◽  
Metal Aluminides

Transition metal aluminides are of great potential interest for high temperature structural applications. Although these materials exhibit good mechanical properties at high temperature, their use in industrial applications is often limited by their intrinsic room temperature brittleness. Whilst this particular yield behaviour is directly related to the defect structure, the properties of the defects (in particular the mobility of dislocations and the slip system on which these dislocations move) are ultimately determined by the electronic structure and bonding in these materials. The lack of ductility has been attributed, at least in part, to the mixed bonding character (metallic and covalent) as inferred from ab-initio calculations. In this work, we analyse energy loss spectra and discuss the features of the near edge structure in terms of the relevant electronic states in order to compare the predictions on bonding directly with spectroscopic experiments. In this process, we compare spectra of late transition metal (TM) to early TM aluminides (FeAl and TiAl) to assess whether differences in bonding can also be detected. This information is then discussed in terms of bonding changes at grain boundaries in NiAl.

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