Nutritional Composition, Techno-Functional Properties and Sensory Analysis of Pan Bread Fortified with Kenaf Seeds Dietary Fibre

Kenaf seeds are underutilized source of food with good source of dietary fiber, protein, essential oil, and phytocompounds. The objectives of this study were to determine the nutritional composition of kenaf seeds, the techno-functional properties of kenaf seeds dietary fibre (KSDF), and sensory analysis of pan bread fortified with dietary fibre that was extracted from kenaf seeds. Analyses showed that kenaf seeds are rich in dietary fibre (28.87 g/ 100 g), protein (27.07 g/ 100 g), oil (23.78 g/100 g) and mineral (5.55 g/100 g). The dietary fibre that was extracted through enzymatic hydrolysis (KSDF (EH)) exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) greater water-binding capacity (WBC), oil-binding capacity (OBC) and viscosity than non-enzymatic hydrolyzed kenaf seeds dietary fibre (KSDF (NEH)) and defatted kenaf seed meal (DKSM). Different formulations of bread were prepared by replacing 10% of wheat flour with wheat bran fibre (positive control), rice bran fibre and KSDF, with white bread unfortified with fibre as negative control. Addition of 10% KSDF to bread formulation significantly (p < 0.05) reduced bread height, volume, specific volume, water activity and firmness, and increased proofing time and bread surface colour. Results from the sensory evaluation of the bread samples also showed that KSDF bread was the most acceptable in comparison to rice bran and wheat bran fortified breads. This study shows that kenaf seed has valuable source of dietary fibre with the potential to be used as a functional ingredient in the development of functional breads.

Effect of freezing seeds of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) on germination, growth and development of plants

A comparative study of the effect of different storage regimes of seeds (at + 5 ° С, -20 ° С and under deep freezing conditions at -196 ° С) of a valuable bast fiber culture - kenaf - Hibiscus cannabinus L. on their viability and the development of plants from them in field conditions. Freezing increases the laboratory and field germination of kenaf seeds, and also increases the energy of their germination. It did not cause the appearance of non-viable, ugly seedlings and plants, as well as their death. Plants went through a full development cycle and set full-fledged seeds. Biometric parameters of plants obtained from thawed seeds and control ones are very close. Cryopreservation is a promising way of storing seeds of the studied species, since it ensures longer periods of preservation of their viability. Keywords: KENAF, SEED BANKS, LONG-TERM SEED STORAGE REGIMES, CRYOCONSERVATION

Toxicological Evaluation of Kenaf Seed Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Oil in Male Sprague Dawley Rats

Kenaf seed supercritical carbon dioxide oil (KSO-SFE) is known for its numerous health benefits such as high antioxidant activity, lower plasma cholesterol level, chemopreventive to cervical and colon cancer. As there has been no report of toxicological evaluation, present study was conducted to assess the toxicity effects of KSO-SFE at 500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg body weight/day on male Sprague Dawley rats for 90 days. Parameters measured were body and organs weight, hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology of liver and kidneys. Induction with KSO-SFE showed lower creatinine level at all doses when compared with control group. Whereas lower plasma cholesterol level has been observed at 1000 and 1500 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. These slight changes were considered no toxicological significance. No mortality or treatment-related adverse effects in any of the parameters measured throughout the administration period even at the highest dose (1500 mg/kg bw). Based on these results, the no-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for KSO-SFE under the condition of this study corresponds to the highest dose (1500 mg/kg bw/day).

Application of seed oils and its bioactive compounds in sunscreen formulations

The photoprotective skincare products are in high demand to meet the consumer market with concern on skin health. Seed oils are commonly used as ingredients in many cosmetic products due to their natural antioxidants and now being increasingly recognised for their effects on skin health and photoprotection. This article briefly reviews the application of seed oils in sunscreen development focusing on the antioxidants that contribute to photoprotection, thus preventing UV-induced erythema and photoaging. The addition of seed oils that contain specific natural bioactive compounds were discussed in the review. Besides that, seed oils acting in molecular pathways that benefit in photoprotection were also summarized. Seed oils (pomegranate seed oil, castor oil, cocoa butter, jojoba oil, rosehip oil, grapeseed oil, kenaf seed oil and pumpkin seed oil) utilization have high potential to act as natural UV filters and at the same time help in skin repairing. The seed oils contributed beneficial properties to the sunscreen formulation by their synergistic effect with antioxidants, antiaging properties, anti-inflammatory effect, and potential hormetic effect. The finding of specific bioactive compound from seed oils provide better understanding on the contribution of seed oils in sunscreen formulation.

Haematology, serum biochemistry and relative organ weight of broiler fed raw and roasted kenaf seed meal as a replacement for full fat soybean meal

An experiment was conducted with 240, unsexed day old Arbor Acre broiler chicks to evaluate the benefit of replacing full fat soya (FFSM) with whole kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed meal (WKSM) in the diets on the haematology, serum biochemistry and organs weight of the broiler chicken in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, consisting two processing methods (raw kenaf seed meal RKM and roasted kenaf seed meal HKM) and 3 inclusion levels (10%, 20% and 30%). Blood samples were collected from the birds through the wing web vein for haematology and serum biochemistry, while sample of organs were collected from the birds after they were sacrificed after the 8 week feeding trials. Results showed that the processing methods significantly (p<0.05) influenced the mean values obtained for neutrophil and lymphocytes, while haemoglobin (Hb), total protein, globulin, uric acid, cholesterol, alanine amino transferase (ALT) (EC 2.6.1.2) and aspartate amino transferase (AST)(EC 2.6.1.1) were significantly influenced (p<0.05) by both processing methods and levels of inclusion. Weight of gizzard, spleen, lungs and heart were also influenced by both the processing methods and levels of inclusion of WKSM. The PCV, haemoglobin concentration and total protein values were within the range of 26.33 to 32.68%, 8.83 to 11.03g/dl and 37.70 to 50.43g/L. The results suggest that WKSM possess good dietary protein quality for optimal growth of broiler chicken. Inclusion levels above 20% to broiler will significantly alter the haematological and serum biochemical variables and probably induce anaemic conditions and dysfunction of visceral organs which can lead to their poor performance