Coexistence and intraguild competition of Chrysomya albiceps and Lucilia sericata larvae: case reports and experimental studies applied to forensic entomology

Acta Tropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 106233
Author(s):  
Tania Ivorra ◽  
Anabel Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Santos Rojo
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Chrysomya Albiceps

scholarly journals AB0677 REVISING THE DEFINITION OF REACTIVE ARTHRITIS AND DIFFERENTIATION FROM UNDIFFERENTIATED SPONDYLOARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1633.2-1634
Author(s):  
F. Cosan ◽  
O. M. Gedar
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Reactive Arthritis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Undifferentiated Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Classical Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Background:Reactive arthritis (ReA) is defined by 1999 ACR criteria as arthritis preceding a bacterial genitourinary (GUS) or gastrointestinal (GIS) infection in 3 days-6 weeks and evidence of triggering infection. Recently, ReA is classified as SpA and patients who do not fulfill SpA criteria are classified as undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (USpA) according to ASAS/EULAR SpA classification criteria.Objectives:In several case reports which are associated with other infective agents are reported and the definition is extended for some clinicians so that SpA which is occurred after any infection is called as ReA. On the other hand, some researchers still accept the classical definition of ReA. The problem with the heterogeneity of opinions and unstandardized definition of ReA hinders studies about pathogenesis and standardization of treatments. In this study, we aimed to determine the spectrum of the use of the definition of reactive arthritis in publications in PubMed between 2009-2019.Methods:The ReA keyword is searched in PubMed for the years between 2009-2019. 248 different publications have been identified and included in this research. 89 articles, 47 reviews, 108 case reports, 2 guidelines, and 2 editorials reviewed for the definition of ReA.Results:Only 42.7% (106 patients) of these publications meet the classical definition which suggests ReA after only GIS and GUS infections. In 4 (1.6%) of the publications ReA was defined after GIS, GUS and oropharyngeal infections; in 3 (1,2%) of the publications after any bacterial infection; in 9 (3.6%) of the publications after any infection. In 8 (3.2%) of the publications, ReA and USPA was used correspondingly. In 39 (15,7%) of the publications the term agent related, ReA was used without making a general definition for ReA. 79 publications (31,9%) have not defined ReA.According to causative agent and ReA relationship, in 64 (24,6%) general infective agents, in 75 (30,2%) classical agents, in 22 (8,9%) other bacterial agents, in 23 (9,3%) streptococcus, in 10(4%) intravesical BCG, in 6 (2.4%) HIV, in 6 (2.4%) tuberculosis, in 12 (4,8%) clostrudium difficle, in 2 (0.8%) parasites were reported. In 31 (12,5%) of the publications the causative agent for the ReA was unknown, the diagnosis was made clinically.Conclusion:In this study, it is aimed to draw attention terminology intricacy and the need for the standardization of the definition of ReA and USpA. It is clear that to standardize the definition of Rea and USpA is necessary. Between 2009-2019 there are reported cases diagnosed as ReA associated with bacterial infections (especially with Clostridium difficile, streptococcus and tuberculosis infections), and viral infections (by a majority with HIV), and parasitic infections. It is not clear if we need to define them classically or define them as USPA. Another important consideration is the necessity of extended laboratory investigations to find out the real causative agent even if the patient is clinically diagnosed with ReA. The requirement of the differentiation between ReA and USpA must be revealed for therapeutic researches.References:[1]A proposal for the classification of patients for clinical and experimental studies on reactive arthritis. Pacheco-Tena C, Burgos-Vargas R, Vázquez-Mellado J, Cazarín J, Pérez-Díaz JA. J Rheumatol. 1999 Jun;26(6):1338-46.[2]The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general. Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Akkoc N, Brandt J, Chou CT, Dougados M, Huang F, Gu J, Kirazli Y, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:25–31.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF Chrysomya albiceps WIEDEMANN, 1819 (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) AND Musca domestica LINNAEUS, 1758 (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) REARED TOGETHER IN PIG TISSUES.

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
Cíntia De Campos Chaves ◽  
Manuela Campos ,Ferreira ◽  
Júlio Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Chrysomya Albiceps ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Successful Colonization ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Better Than

Chysomya albiceps and Musca domestica are important for forensic entomology, and human and animal health. This study analyzed the effects of the coexistence of C. albiceps and M. domestica reared in four different assays in two pig tissues, brain and intestine: assay 1, interaction between the larvae of the same age; assay 2, interaction between larvae of C. albiceps 24 hours older than larvae of M. domestica; assay 3, interaction between larvae of M. domestica 24 hours older than the larvae of C. albiceps; assay 4, larvae of both species were reared together in flasks with a small supply of food. Weight of larvae, growth time and imago emergence frequency were studied. C. albiceps responded better than M. domestica under most conditionstested. Larvae of C. albiceps responded better in mixed cultures (together with M. domestica) than in pure cultures (larvae of the same species). In contrast, M. domestica responded better when reared in pure cultures. Both species presented shorter growth times when their larvae were reared in intestine tissue with larvae 24 hours younger than the larvae of the concurrent species, compared to their respective growth times in pure cultures. The results confirmed that trophic interactions are relevant to the successful colonization of carrion by C. albiceps. Coexistence of the two species may result in changes in values of their biological components. The results also help to shed light on the biology of the two species in carrion.

Abstract 181: A Systematic Review of Interventions to Increase tPA Administration

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mollie McDermott ◽  
Lesli E Skolarus ◽  
James F Burke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Design Elements

Introduction: Rates of tPA administration remain low nationally and globally despite its demonstrated efficacy. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to increase the rate of tPA administration. Methods: We searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify all studies (excluding case reports) published between 1995 and January 8, 2015 documenting interventions to increase the utilization of tPA. We screened each study with pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Design elements and study data were extracted from eligible studies. The principal summary measure was the percentage change in rate of tPA administration. Fixed and random effects meta-analytic models were built to summarize the effect of intervention compared to control as well as intervention subtypes. Results: Our search yielded 1457 results of which 25 met eligibility criteria. We identified 13 pre-post studies and 11 randomized or quasi-experimental studies. Included studies utilized EMS (n=14), telemedicine (n=6), and public education (n=5). Intervention settings included urban (n=13), rural (n=4), and combined (n=4). In a fixed effect model, tPA administration was significantly higher in the intervention arm across all studies that limited enrollment to ischemic stroke patients (n=14) with a risk ratio (RR) of 1.71. Interventions involving EMS were associated with an increased rate of tPA administration with a RR of 1.51, (95% CI: 1.43-1.59, p<0.0001); promoting public education RR = 2.62, (95% CI: 1.54-4.43, p<0.01); and utilizing telemedicine RR = 2.97, (95% CI: 2.61-3.39, p<0.0001). Conclusions: Interventions to increase tPA use appear to have considerable efficacy. Comparative inferences between intervention types are limited by small sample size and intervention heterogeneity.

Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 074880682110658
Author(s):  
Mark R. Stevens ◽  
Shohreh Ghasemi ◽  
Fargol Mashhadi Akbar Boojar ◽  
Mahmood Dashti
Keyword(s):  
Search Strategy ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Medical Databases ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Total Preservation

Acceptance of the preservation principle in rhinoplasty surgery has increased dramatically, and surgeons worldwide are now performing preservation rhinoplasty, leading to an expanding list of indications and techniques. Rhinoplasty surgeons are increasingly opting for rhinoplasty preservation because of its conservative approach and more predictable outcome. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of dorsal preservation rhinoplasty, as well as the techniques, indications, surgical protocols, complications, and any practical challenges associated with this type of rhinoplasty. A number of medical databases, including Medline-PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, were searched. These searches were supplemented with a manual search using the keyword “preservation rhinoplasty” (PR) during the 1970 to May 2020 time span. The search strategy was limited to case reports, randomized clinical trials, and prospective studies of preservation dorsal rhinoplasty in journals published in English. A total of 150 articles that incorporated preservation dorsal rhinoplasty as a newer surgical technique were reviewed: 136 from PubMed, 17 experimental studies from Embase, 17 clinical studies from Scopus, and 8 studies identified by data extraction. Preservation rhinoplasty represents a paradigm shift in rhinoplasty philosophy. While techniques continue to improve, the philosophy remains the same: preserving and reshaping the existing nasal structures. Although not all patients benefit from and are satisfied with PR and some may only benefit from partial PR, preserving the anatomy allows for a more intuitive operation and natural results. For a more exhaustive review, readers are encouraged to turn their attention to dorsal preservation as a versatile and adaptable technique. Dorsal preservation avoids long-term issues with the middle vault and keystone area, and the patient benefits from total preservation, as the underlying structure can be reshaped without disruption.

scholarly journals Characterization of Placental Infection by Zika Virus in Humans: A Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (09) ◽  
pp. 577-585
Author(s):  
Emanuella Meneses Venceslau ◽  
José Paulo Guida ◽  
Eliana Amaral ◽  
José Luis Proença Modena ◽  
Maria Laura Costa
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Congenital Diseases ◽  
Hofbauer Cells

Abstract Objective The aim of the current review is to present a systematic evaluation of reported human placental findings in cases of zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Data sources We reviewed the EMBASE, PUBMED, and SCIELO databases until June 2019, without language restrictions. Selection of studies The search terms placenta AND zika virus were used. The inclusion criteria of the studies were studies that reported placental findings in humans. Experimental studies, reviews, notes or editorials were excluded. A total of 436 studies were retrieved; after duplicate exclusion, 243 articles had their titles screened, and 128 had their abstract read; of those, 32 were included in the final analysis (18 case reports, 10 case series, and 4 cohorts) Data collection We collected data concerning the author, year of publication, study design, number of participants, number of placental samples, onset of symptoms, perinatal outcomes, and main findings on histological analysis. Data synthesis The placental pathologic findings were described as mild and nonspecific, similar to those of other placental infections, including chronic placentitis, chronic villitis, increased Hofbauer cells, irregular fibrin deposits, increased mononuclear cells in the villus stroma, villous immaturity, edema, hypervascularization, stromal fibrosis, calcification, and focal necrosis of syncytiotrophoblasts. Conclusion Zika infection presents unspecific placental findings, similar to other infections in the toxoplasmosis, other agents, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes (TORCH)group. Characterizing and standardizing placental findings after zika virus infection is key to understanding the mechanisms of congenital diseases.

scholarly journals DIVERSITY OF NECROPHAGOUS BLOWFLY (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IMPORTANCE IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS IN CÓRDOBA (ARGENTINA)

Caldasia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira Battán-Horenstein ◽  
Laura M. Bellis ◽  
Raquel M. Gleiser
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
South America ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Chrysomya Albiceps ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
The City

<p>The complex nature of urban environments can have different effects on species diversity and composition. The aim of this work was to characterize the assemblage of Calliphoridae regarding its richness, abundance, and synanthropy in Córdoba City, Argentina. Three sampling sites differing in their distance to the border of the city and degree of urbanization were selected. In each site, collections were carried out with 12 traps baited with cow liver (200 g per trap) that were operated for five consecutive days during three different times of the year, in April, June and August 2013. A total of 341 adult calliphorids from nine species, Lucilia sericata (Meigen), L. eximia (Wiedemann), L. cuprina (Wiedemann), L. cluvia (Walker), Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, Sarconesia chlorogaster (Wiedemann), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), C. megacephala (Fabricius) and C. chloropyga (Wiedemann) were collected. Lucilia sericata was the most abundant species followed by C. vicina. Species diversity, composition and abundance changed between sites, richness being lowest at the most urbanized site. All species are cosmopolitan except Sarconesia chlorogaster, whose distribution is restricted to South America. These results are consistent with a homogenization of the fauna in urban environments.</p>

A scoping review of the evidence for efficacy of acupuncture in companion animals

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley J. Rose ◽  
Jan M. Sargeant ◽  
W. J. Brad Hanna ◽  
David Kelton ◽  
Dianna M. Wolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Experimental Trials

AbstractAcupuncture has become increasingly popular in veterinary medicine. Within the scientific literature there is debate regarding its efficacy. Due to the complex nature of acupuncture, a scoping review was undertaken to identify and categorize the evidence related to acupuncture in companion animals (dogs, cats, and horses). Our search identified 843 relevant citations. Narrative reviews represented the largest proportion of studies (43%). We identified 179 experimental studies and 175 case reports/case series that examined the efficacy of acupuncture. Dogs were the most common subjects in the experimental trials. The most common indication for use was musculoskeletal conditions, and the most commonly evaluated outcome categories among experimental trials were pain and cardiovascular parameters. The limited number of controlled trials and the breadth of indications for use, outcome categories, and types of acupuncture evaluated present challenges for future systematic reviews or meta-analyses. There is a need for high-quality randomized controlled trials addressing the most common clinical uses of acupuncture, and using consistent and clinically relevant outcomes, to inform conclusions regarding the efficacy of acupuncture in companion animals.

scholarly journals Review ofGinkgo biloba-induced toxicity, from experimental studies to human case reports

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Mei ◽  
Xiaoqing Guo ◽  
Zhen Ren ◽  
Daisuke Kobayashi ◽  
Keiji Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Human Case

scholarly journals An Old Drug for a New Application: Potential Benefits of Sildenafil in Wound Healing

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Farsaie ◽  
Hossein Khalili ◽  
Iman Karimzadeh ◽  
Simin Dashti-Khavidaki
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Several studies have evaluated the effects of sildenafil on the tissue repair and wound healing. In the present review, the impact of sildenafil on the wound healing in all available clinical and non-clinical (experimental) studies has been discussed. Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Embase, Cochrane central register of controlled trials and Cochrane database systematic reviews. Related articles indexed in Google Scholar were also included. Key words used as search terms were ‘phosphodiesterase inhibitor’, ‘sildenafil’, ‘skin’, ‘cutaneous’, ‘skin lesion’, ‘skin damage’, ‘wound’, and ‘wound healing’. No time limitation was considered in this review. Results: A total of 15 animal studies, 7 case reports, and 2 small clinical studies have reported the effects of sildenafil on the wound healing. The effects included skin flaps and grafts, anastomosis, systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's disease. Conclusions: The available data support the beneficial effects of sildenafil in improvement of tissue healing in various conditions. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

Pain processing in Schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2130-2130
Author(s):  
O. Bonnot ◽  
S. Tordjman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pain Expression ◽  
Endogenous Analgesia

We will propose a critical review of the scientific literature regarding pain and schizophrenia, examine the empirical basis for the reported pain insensitivity of schizophrenia, and emphasize the distinction between behavioral responses to pain or self-reported pain and physiological response to painful stimuli. Litterature is scarse and could be classified in 4 groups: case reports (n = 9), clinical studies (n = 23), experimental research (n = 20) and review articles (n = 5).The analysis of Case reports and clinical studies show reduced pain reactivity in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls or other psychiatric patients. In the same vein, experimental studies using self-report measures of pain reactivity generally reported higher pain perception thresholds in patients with schizophrenia. However, the only experimental study using a neurophysiological measure of pain reactivity (the nociceptive RIII reflex) demonstrated a normal pain threshold in schizophrenia.Review of clinical and experimental data indicates that in most situations behavioral pain reactivity and self-reported responses to pain are reduced in schizophrenia. However, there is little or no physiological evidence supporting pain insensitivity in schizophrenia. It can be suggested that the widely accepted notion of reduced pain sensitivity in schizophrenia is related more to a different mode of pain expression than to a real endogenous analgesia. We will also present preliminary data on pain sensitivity associating behavioural pain reactivity measurements, "objective" electrophysiological assessments and neurovegetative function recordings. Our results are in the line of the literature and strongly suggest that there is no analgesia in schizophrenia but a different mode of pain expression.

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