scholarly journals Shifts in the thermal niche of fruit trees under climate change: The case of peach cultivation in France

2021 ◽  
Vol 300 ◽  
pp. 108327
Author(s):  
C. Vanalli ◽  
R. Casagrandi ◽  
M. Gatto ◽  
D. Bevacqua
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Thermal Niche

scholarly journals Shifts in the thermal niche of fruit trees under climate change: the case of peach cultivation in France

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vanalli ◽  
R. Casagrandi ◽  
M. Gatto ◽  
D. Bevacqua
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
National Level ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Thermal Niche ◽  
Chilling Units ◽  
The Impact

AbstractClimate influences plant phenological traits, thus playing a key role in defining the geographical range of crops. Foreseeing the impact of climate change on fruit trees is essential to inform policy decisions to guide the adaptation to new climatic conditions. To this end, we propose and use a phenological process-based model to assess the impacts of climate change upon the phenology, the suitability and the distribution of economically important cultivars of peach (Prunus persica), across the entire continental France. The model combines temperature dependent sub-models of dormancy, blooming, fruit survival and ripening, using chilling units, forcing units, frost occurrence and growing degree days, respectively. We find that climate change will have divergent impacts upon peach production. On the one hand, blooming will occur earlier, warmer temperatures will decrease spring frost occurrence and fruit ripening will be easily achieved before the start of fall. On the other hand, milder winters will impede the plant buds from breaking endodormancy, with consequent abnormal patterns of fruit development or even blooming failure. This latter impact will dramatically shift the geographic range of sites where peach production will be profitable. This shift will mainly be from the south of France (Languedoc-Roussillon, Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur), to northwestern areas where the winter chilling requirement will still be fulfilled. Our study provides novel insights for understanding and forecasting climate change impacts on peach phenology and it is the first framework that maps the ecological thermal niche of peach at national level.

scholarly journals Temperate Fruit Trees under Climate Change: Challenges for Dormancy and Chilling Requirements in Warm Winter Regions

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Abdel-Moety Salama ◽  
Ahmed Ezzat ◽  
Hassan El-Ramady ◽  
Shamel M. Alam-Eldein ◽  
Sameh Okba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Warm Winter ◽  
Winter Chill ◽  
Chilling Requirements ◽  
The Tropics

Adequate chill is of great importance for successful production of deciduous fruit trees. However, temperate fruit trees grown under tropical and subtropical regions may face insufficient winter chill, which has a crucial role in dormancy and productivity. The objective of this review is to discuss the challenges for dormancy and chilling requirements of temperate fruit trees, especially in warm winter regions, under climate change conditions. After defining climate change and dormancy, the effects of climate change on various parameters of temperate fruit trees are described. Then, dormancy breaking chemicals and organic compounds, as well as some aspects of the mechanism of dormancy breaking, are demonstrated. After this, the relationships between dormancy and chilling requirements are delineated and challenging aspects of chilling requirements in climate change conditions and in warm winter environments are demonstrated. Experts have sought to develop models for estimating chilling requirements and dormancy breaking in order to improve the adaption of temperate fruit trees under tropical and subtropical environments. Some of these models and their uses are described in the final section of this review. In conclusion, global warming has led to chill deficit during winter, which may become a limiting factor in the near future for the growth of temperate fruit trees in the tropics and subtropics. With the increasing rate of climate change, improvements in some managing tools (e.g., discovering new, more effective dormancy breaking organic compounds; breeding new, climate-smart cultivars in order to solve problems associated with dormancy and chilling requirements; and improving dormancy and chilling forecasting models) have the potential to solve the challenges of dormancy and chilling requirements for temperate fruit tree production in warm winter fruit tree growing regions.

scholarly journals Chilling accumulation in fruit trees in Spain under climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Rodríguez ◽  
David Pérez-López ◽  
Enrique Sánchez ◽  
Ana Centeno ◽  
Iñigo Gómara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Tree Crops ◽  
Chilling Requirements ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Growing trees are quite vulnerable to cold temperatures. To minimise the effect of these cold temperatures, they stop their growth over the coldest months of the year, a state called dormancy. In particular, endodormancy requires accumulating chilling temperatures to finish this sort of dormancy. The accumulation of cool temperatures according to specific rules is called chilling accumulation, and each tree species and variety has specific chilling requirements for correct plant development. Under global warming, it is expected that the fulfilment of the chilling requirements to break dormancy in fruit trees could be compromised. In this study, the impact of climate change on the chilling accumulation over peninsular Spain and the Balearic Islands was assessed. For this purpose, bias-adjusted results of 10 regional climate models (RCMs) under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 were used as inputs of four different models for calculating chilling accumulation, and the results for each model were individually compared for the 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 future periods under both RCPs. These results project a generalised reduction in chilling accumulation regardless of the RCP, future period or chilling calculation model used, with higher reductions for the 2071–2100 period and the RCP8.5 scenario. The projected winter chill decrease may threaten the viability of some tree crops and varieties in some areas where the crop is currently grown, but also shows scope for varieties with lower chilling requirements. The results are relevant for planning future tree plantations under climate change, supporting adaptation of spatial distribution of tree crops and varieties in Spain.

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Chilling accumulation in temperate fruit trees in Spain under climate change"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Rodríguez ◽  
David Pérez-López ◽  
Enrique Sánchez ◽  
Ana Centeno ◽  
Iñigo Gómara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Supplementary Material

scholarly journals Challenges – the impact of climate change on the nutritional management of Hungarian orchards

2018 ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Péter Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact

The agricultural sector is increasingly exposed to both environmental and economic risks due to the phenomena of climate change and climate variability. Fruit growth and productivity are adversely affected by nature’s wrath in the form of various abiotic stress factors. Climate change and extreme climatic events are predicted to increase in intensity, frequency, and geographic extent as a consequence of global climate change. It is no doubt that frequency of unexpected climatic events and their growing rate result in an increasing amount of problems for fruit growers globally. Today, climate change impacts are the most serious problems for Hungarian fruit growers as well. It can be stated that the nutrient demand of fruit trees can be supplied only under even worse conditions. Therefore, it is so important to know and apply adaptation and mitigation strategies in horticulture to improve fruit quality and yield. In the last ten years, at the Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management at University of Debrecen expanded studies have been made to prove the importance of groundcover management in horticultural applications. In this mini review paper, is presented, how the university's researches contributed to the expansion of knowledge of preservation of soil moisture and what advice we can provide for fruit growers to face the challenges of climate change.

scholarly journals Climate anomalies in south-west Romania in the spring of 2020, in the context of climate change.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
I. Marinică ◽  
Andreea Floriana Martinică
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
Daily Minimum ◽  
South West ◽  
Negative Temperatures ◽  
The Mediterranean

The paper analyzes the climatic anomalies in Oltenia that occurred in spring 2020. After the Mediterranean winter of 2019-2020, the spring was excessively early on large areas, and on average very early. As a result, the vegetation started to develop very early, since the first part of March, and the flowering of the early fruit trees took place in the first half of March. In the first two months of spring there were 31 days in which the daily minimum temperatures were negative and there was hoar and frost on the soil surface. Thus, in March, minimum negative temperatures were registered in the intervals: 1.III, 6.III, 16-19.III, 23-31.III, ie 15 days. In April, minimum negative temperatures were registered in the intervals: 1-10.IV, 15-16. IV, 23-25.IV and 27.IV, totaling 16 days. The cooling of the weather culminated with the interval 22-25.III, in which the highest amounts of precipitation were registered in March but also in the whole cold season 2019-2020. There were blizzards that deposited a consistent layer of snow and banks formed, lasting 4 days being the longest in the cold season 2019-2020. The intense cooling of the weather after the warm winters are destructive climatic anomalies. The paper is part of an extensive series of studies on climate variability in southwestern Romania (Oltenia) in the context of climate change (I. Marinică, 2006, 2008; Marinicǎ I., Marinicǎ Andreea Floriana, 2016).

scholarly journals Shifts in the thermal niche of almond under climate change

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Parker ◽  
John T. Abatzoglou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Thermal Niche

scholarly journals Food-web dynamics under climate change

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1867) ◽  
pp. 20171772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Zhang ◽  
Daisuke Takahashi ◽  
Martin Hartvig ◽  
Ken H. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Thermal Niche ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Web Model

Climate change affects ecological communities through its impact on the physiological performance of individuals. However, the population dynamic of species well inside their thermal niche is also determined by competitors, prey and predators, in addition to being influenced by temperature changes. We use a trait-based food-web model to examine how the interplay between the direct physiological effects from temperature and the indirect effects due to changing interactions between populations shapes the ecological consequences of climate change for populations and for entire communities. Our simulations illustrate how isolated communities deteriorate as populations go extinct when the environment moves outside the species' thermal niches. High-trophic-level species are most vulnerable, while the ecosystem function of lower trophic levels is less impacted. Open communities can compensate for the loss of ecosystem function by invasions of new species. Individual populations show complex responses largely uncorrelated with the direct impact of temperature change on physiology. Such complex responses are particularly evident during extinction and invasion events of other species, where climatically well-adapted species may be brought to extinction by the changed food-web topology. Our results highlight that the impact of climate change on specific populations is largely unpredictable, and apparently well-adapted species may be severely impacted.

Thermal niche for seed germination of Xyris species from Brazilian montane vegetation: Implications for climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Túlio G. S. Oliveira ◽  
Alexandre A. Duarte ◽  
Isabela P. Diamantino ◽  
Queila S. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Thermal Niche ◽  
Montane Vegetation

scholarly journals Fruit orchards under climate change conditions: adaptation strategies and management

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Waleed Fouad Abobatta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Plant Growth Substances ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Fruit Orchards

Under global warming and climate change conditions fruit orchards facing different environmental challenges which cause negative impacts on the growth and productivity of various fruit trees particularly in arid and semi-arid areas, various abiotic stress such as rising temperature, drought, heatwaves, and soil salinity represented a major challenge for growth and productivity of fruit orchards. Fruit trees used different strategies to cope with abiotic stress and minimize their adverse effects. Plants used different physiological, anatomical, and morphological mechanisms to tolerate abiotic stress, such as ion homeostasis, synthesis of more compatible solute, polyamines production, antioxidant regulation, closing stomata, in addition tol modification of root system, abscission of the leaves partially, compactness canopy, reducing leaf size, furthermore, under abiotic stress plants produce various organic solutes to cope with Reactive Oxygen solutes like Proline, in addition, using proper management practices that include providing adequate nutrients requirement particularly Potassium and Calcium, maintain soil moisture, using proper rootstocks tolerant for drought and salinity stress as well as exogenous application of plant growth substances could sustain orchards growth and productivity

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