Influence of sulfated polysaccharides from Ulva lactuca L. upon Xa and IIa coagulation factors and on venous blood clot formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 101750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara E. Reis ◽  
Rogeria Gabriela C. Andrade ◽  
Camila M. Accardo ◽  
Lenize F. Maia ◽  
Luiz F.C. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Clot ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Formation and Treatment of Thrombosis by Natural and Synthetic Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7975
Author(s):  
Anna Lichota ◽  
Eligia M. Szewczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Activation ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
The Impact

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) refers to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), whose consequence may be a pulmonary embolism (PE). Thrombosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and is the third most common cardiovascular disease after myocardial infarction and stroke. DVT is associated with the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein in the body. Thrombosis promotes slowed blood flow, hypoxia, cell activation, and the associated release of many active substances involved in blood clot formation. All thrombi which adhere to endothelium consist of fibrin, platelets, and trapped red and white blood cells. In this review, we summarise the impact of various factors affecting haemostatic disorders leading to blood clot formation. The paper discusses the causes of thrombosis, the mechanism of blood clot formation, and factors such as hypoxia, the involvement of endothelial cells (ECs), and the activation of platelets and neutrophils along with the effects of bacteria and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mechanisms related to the action of anticoagulants affecting coagulation factors including antiplatelet drugs have also been discussed. However, many aspects related to the pathogenesis of thrombosis still need to be clarified. A review of the drugs used to treat and prevent thrombosis and natural anticoagulants that occur in the plant world and are traditionally used in Far Eastern medicine has also been carried out.

Laboratory hemostasis: from biology to the bench

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lippi ◽  
Emmanuel J. Favaloro
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Excessive Bleeding

AbstractPhysiological hemostasis is an intricate biological system, where procoagulant and anticoagulant forces interplay and preserves blood fluidity when blood vessels are intact, or trigger clot formation to prevent excessive bleeding when blood vessels are injured. The modern model of hemostasis is divided into two principal phases. The first, defined as primary hemostasis, involves the platelet-vessel interplay, whilst the second, defined as secondary hemostasis, mainly involves coagulation factors, damaged cells and platelet surfaces, where the so-called coagulation cascade rapidly develops. The activation and amplification of the coagulation cascade is finely modulated by the activity of several physiological inhibitors. Once bleeding has been efficiently stopped by blood clot formation, dissolution of the thrombus is essential to restore vessel permeability. This process, known as fibrinolysis, also develops through coordinate action of a vast array of proteins and enzymes. An accurate diagnosis of hemostasis disturbance entails a multifaceted approach, encompassing family and personal history of hemostatic disorders, accurate collection of clinical signs and symptoms, integrated with laboratory hemostasis testing. Regarding laboratory testing, a reasonable approach entails classifying hemostasis testing according to cost, complexity and available clinical information. Laboratory workout may hence initiate with some rapid and inexpensive “screening” tests, characterized by high negative predictive value, then followed by second- or third-line analyses, specifically aimed to clarify the nature and severity of bleeding or thrombotic phenotype. This article aims to provide a general overview of the hemostatic process, and to provide some general suggestions to optimally facilitate laboratory hemostasis testing.

scholarly journals The Prothrombotic Predominance in Metabolic Syndrome: A Complex Pathomechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Fahmy Rusnanta ◽  
Mohammad Saifur Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Premature Atherosclerosis ◽  
Clot Structure

Patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) have many cardiovascular complications related to atherothrombotic complications. MS contributes premature atherosclerosis, increases platelet activation, promotes coagulation factors, and reduces fibrinolytic activity. The last step in the atherothrombotic cascade is blood clot formation, and altered clot structure is a key role to determine cardiovascular complications. The MS, caused in part by an excess of atherosclerosis and in part by fibrinolytic dysfunction, is profoundly related to an excess of CVD. These combinations of factors involved in MS parameters contribute the increased propensity of people with MS to develop atherothrombosis and fibrinolysis. Awareness and preventive measures are important to improve outcomes in patients with MS.

The Haemocompatibility of Biomaterials In Vitro: Investigations on the Mechanism of the Whole-blood Clot Formation Test

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Groth ◽  
Katrin Derdau ◽  
Frank Strietzel ◽  
Frank Foerster ◽  
Hartmut Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Contact Activation ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Static Conditions

Twenty years ago Imai & Nose introduced a whole-blood clotting test for the estimation of haemocompatibility of biomaterials in vitro In our paper a modification of this assay is described and the mechanism of clot formation further elucidated. It was found that neither the inhibition of platelet function nor the removal of platelets from blood significantly changed the clot formation rate on glass and polyvinyl chloride in comparison to the rate tor whole blood. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that platelets were not involved in clot formation near the blood/biomaterial interface. Thus, it was concluded that the system of contact activation of the coagulation cascade dominates during clot formation under static conditions. The latter conclusion was supported by the fact that preadsorption of human serum albumin or human fibrinogen onto the glass plates used, decreased the clot formation rate in the same manner.

Clinical Information From Screening Programs For Coagulation And Fibrinolytic Factors And Inhibitor Deficiencies Using Automated Chromogenic Methods

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J W ten Cate ◽  
L H Kahlé ◽  
H R Büller ◽  
M Peters ◽  
G H Weenink
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Postoperative Bleeding ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
At Iii

The introduction of chromogenic substrates allowed the development of automated spectophotometric assays. After having developed such methods employing an automated kinetic enzyme and substrate analyser for coagulation factors II and X, antithrombin III (AT III), plasminogen (PG) and α2- antiplasmin (α2-AP) , we decided to apply these methods in well defined clinical projects in order to evaluate their future clinical potency. Results obtained thusfar revealed that 1. AT III and PG are predictors of gram negative septicaemia in patients with intraabdominal infection following major abdominal and vascular surgery, 2. The predictive value of AT III for gram negative septicaemia in prospective studies in premature neonates (all assays require only 0.4 ml of venous blood), 3. AT III remains unchanged in normal pregnancy. Decreasing values are observed in toxaemia and isolated deficiencies are observed as an early sign of intravascular coagulation in pre- ecclampsia, 4. Routine screening of AT III in female subjects on oral anticonceptive drugs is of no use, 5. Factor X assays may possibly be used for the control of oral anticoagulant therapy, 6. Screening of patients with postoperative bleeding disorders may disclose congenital factor X deficiency not reflected by routine prothrombin time measurements.

scholarly journals Ultrasonically-Extracted Marine Polysaccharides as Potential Green Antioxidant Alternatives

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Hanaa L. Essa ◽  
Hania A. Guirguis ◽  
Mayyada M. H. El-Sayed ◽  
Dalia Rifaat ◽  
Mohamed S. Abdelfattah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Sugar Substitutes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Marine-extracted sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) have been the subject of myriad research since they are considered an eco-friendly source of biologically active compounds. Meanwhile, food and pharmaceutical industries are urgently producing natural sugar substitutes and antioxidants as alternatives to synthetic ones which are associated with cytotoxicity and safety issues. This study assesses the potential of using marine SPs obtained via the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of different marine species, to utilize them as antioxidant sugar substitutes. The carbohydrate, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities were measured for SP extracts of the algal species of Ulva lactuca, Jania rubens and the marine plant mangrove Avicennia marina. These SPs were structurally elucidated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The results revealed that SPs’ highest yield percent was obtained from Ulva lactuca, 5.50 ± 0.25%. The SPs of Avicennia marina had the highest carbohydrate content, 44 ± 1% and antioxidant activity, 78.85 ± 0.06 at the 100 μg/mL concentration and 89.50 ± 0.21 at the 250 μg/mL concentration. Meanwhile, the highest phenolic content was exhibited by algal SPs obtained from Jania rubens, 132.60 ± 2.50 mgGa/g. Results also showed that all extracts have potent antioxidant activity, while the highest antioxidant activity belonged to the SPs of Avicennia marina owing possibly to their balanced glucose and galactose contents as measured by HPLC. This work emphasizes the need to consider sulfated polysaccharides from marine sources for their antioxidant activity and to correlate it with their monosaccharide content to determine the effect of reducing sugar concentration on the antioxidant activity.

A novel coagulation inhibitor fromSchistosoma japonicum

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (14) ◽  
pp. 1663-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIWANTHI L. RANASINGHE ◽  
KATJA FISCHER ◽  
GEOFFREY N. GOBERT ◽  
DONALD P. MCMANUS
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Hemostatic Disorders

SUMMARYLittle is known about the molecular mechanisms whereby the human blood flukeSchistosoma japonicumis able to survive in the host venous blood system. Protease inhibitors are likely released by the parasite enabling it to avoid attack by host proteolytic enzymes and coagulation factors. Interrogation of theS. japonicumgenomic sequence identified a gene,SjKI-1, homologous to that encoding a single domain Kunitz protein (Sjp_0020270) which we expressed in recombinant form inEscherichia coliand purified.SjKI-1is highly transcribed in adult worms and eggs but its expression was very low in cercariae and schistosomula.In situimmunolocalization with anti-SjKI-1 rabbit antibodies showed the protein was present in eggs trapped in the infected mouse intestinal wall. In functional assays, SjKI-1 inhibited trypsin in the picomolar range and chymotrypsin, neutrophil elastase, FXa and plasma kallikrein in the nanomolar range. Furthermore, SjKI-1, at a concentration of 7·5µm, prolonged 2-fold activated partial thromboplastin time of human blood coagulation. We also demonstrate that SjKI-1 has the ability to bind Ca++. We present, therefore, characterization of the first Kunitz protein fromS. japonicumwhich we show has an anti-coagulant properties. In addition, its inhibition of neutrophil elastase indicates SjKI-1 have an anti-inflammatory role. Having anti-thrombotic properties, SjKI-1 may point the way towards novel treatment for hemostatic disorders.

Abstract W P366: Hypothermia Does Not Affect Tissue Plasminogen Activator Activity in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients as Measured by Thromboelastography

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joancy M Archeval-Lao ◽  
Hope Moser ◽  
Stephen A Riney ◽  
Jorge Kawano-Castillo ◽  
Stephanie A Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lytic Effect ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Coagulation Status

Background: Currently, t-PA is the only FDA approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Supplementing t-PA with therapeutic hypothermia is being evaluated, but cooler temperatures may affect the enzymatic activity of t-PA. Thromboelastography (TEG) determines coagulation status in whole blood, and has detected hypercoagulability in AIS patients compared to healthy controls. Using TEG, we evaluated the effect of variable degrees of hypothermia on clot formation and lysis in AIS patients receiving t-PA. Methods: Between June 2012 -July 2013, venous blood from 18 AIS patients receiving t-PA within 4.5 hours of symptom onset was collected prior to and 10 minutes after t-PA bolus. Blood samples were analyzed by TEG at 30°C, 33°C, and 37°C. The variables of interest were R (initiation of clot formation), K (speed of clot strengthening), Angle α (rate of clot formation), and LY30 (percentage of clot lysis over 30 minutes) (see figure). All statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.3. Results: Baseline R averaged 6.0, 5.6, and 4.6 minutes at 30°C, 33°C, and 37°C (p=0.02),K averaged 2.5, 2.3, and 1.4 (p=0.01),and Angle averaged 59.1, 62.4, and 69.3(p=0.01), indicating slower clotting at lower temperatures. Post t-PA LY30 averaged 93.9, 93.9, 89.8 (p= 0.61, N=18) indicating no effect on t-PA lytic activity at lower temperatures. Conclusions: Our data suggest that hypothermia progressively slows clot formation in AIS patients but has no effect on the lytic effect of t-PA as measured by TEG.

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