Garlic skin induces shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome of fattening lambs

Abstract The effects of steam-flaked corn bulk density during grain adaptation phase on ruminal microbiome were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus ruminally cannulated steers (n = 6; BW = 405 ± 42 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design (block = body weight) to 1 of 2 grain adaptation strategies: 1) steam-flaked corn (SFC) bulk density of 335 g/L; and 2) 412 g/L. Steers were ad libitum fed, individually, during 6-7d phases, consisting of: HAY, followed by the STEP-UP1 through STEP-UP4, diets, respectively, in which roughage was gradually replaced with grain until FINISHER diet was fed. Respective SFC bulk densities were fed throughout STEP-UP diets, while the FINISHER diet consisted of 335 g/L strategy only for both groups. Ruminal fluid samples (100 mL) were collected on d-5 of each step, at 6h post-feeding for DNA extraction. Microbiome data were sequenced by Illumnia® NovaSeq™ 6000 (16S rRNA). The SFC bulk density did not affect (P > 0.50) the relative abundance (RA) for any taxonomy classification. Regardless of SFC bulk density, inclusion of grain throughout adaptation phases affected domain (P ≤ 0.03) when initial phases were compared to FINISHER. Phylum RA were affected (P ≤ 0.05) for Actinobacteria (27%), Bacteroidetes (11%), and Euryarchaeota (2%). Within Class RA were affected (P ≤ 0.04) for Clostridia (46%), Actinobacteria (27%), and Bacilli (5%). Order effects on RA were observed (P ≤ 0.04) for Clostridiales (45%), Coriobacteriales (25%), and Lactobacillales (4%). Within Family RA was affected (P ≤ 0.03) for Coriobacteriaceae (25%), Lachnospiraceae (27%), Ruminococcaceae (6%), and Lactobacillaceae (4%), while a tendency (P = 0.09) was observed for Veillonellaceae (1%). In Genus, RA was affected (P ≤ 0.01) for Olsenela (22%), Pediococcus (3%), and Butyrivibrio (3%). As steers advance through subsequent grain adaptation phases until the FINISHER, more meaningful ruminal microbiome changes are observed than SFC density change.

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Metatranscriptomics of the Hu sheep rumen microbiome reveals novel cellulases

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-019-1498-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bo He ◽

Shuwen Jin ◽

Jiawen Cao ◽

Lan Mi ◽

Jiakun Wang

Keyword(s):

Rumen Microbiome ◽

Sheep Rumen ◽

Hu Sheep

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PSVI-22 Rumen microbiome of beef cattle is modulated by backgrounding systems

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 220-220

Author(s):

Bobwealth O Omontese ◽

Ashok K Sharma ◽

Jason Langlie ◽

Joe Armstrong ◽

Alfredo DiCostanzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Production Systems ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

High Energy ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Bacterial Gene ◽

Beef Calves ◽

Rumen Microbiome

Abstract Backgrounding (BKG) segment in beef production systems is characterized by utilization of different forages which affect growth performance and carcass characteristics. However, it is unclear how BKG systems impact rumen microbiome. We investigated rumen microbiome dynamics of beef calves under different BKG systems. At weaning, Angus and Angus x Simmental beef calves (n = 38) were stratified by age, weight, and sex in a completely randomized design into 1 of 3 BKG treatments for 55 d: 1) perennial pasture (PP; quackgrass, orchardgrass; smooth bromegrass, red clover, and alfalfa); 2) summer annual cover crop (CC; cereal oats, purple top turnips, hunter forage brassica, and graza forage radish); and 3) dry lot (DL; haylage, corn, and DDGS). After BKG, all calves were assigned to a high energy ration in a feedlot. Rumen sample was collected via esophageal tubing at weaning, BKG and feedlot. A total of 190 rumen fluid samples were used to sequence the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene on an Illumina MiSeq platform. The results showed that BKG systems largely influenced rumen bacterial communities. Specifically, microbiome composition and diversity were not different at weaning, diverged significantly during BKG (Shannon index, Bray Curtis distance metrics; P < 0.001) and homogenized during feedlot. During the BKG segment, the bacterial genera Agrobacterium, Coprococcus, and Ruminococcus were dominant in CC whereas Fibrobacteraceae and Mycoplasmataceae was most dominant in DL. Moreover, rumen microbiome patterns of CC and DL calves showed increased plasticity in early stages of development but not during feedlot with PP showing fewer changes over time. These results indicate that BKG systems significantly modulate the rumen microbiome of beef cattle and, underscore the importance of early developmental stages as potential targets for feeding interventions that can impact the animal microbiome to enhance animal performance.

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Selected Alternative Feed Additives Used to Manipulate the Rumen Microbiome

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061542 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1542

Author(s):

Marta Michalak ◽

Konrad Wojnarowski ◽

Paulina Cholewińska ◽

Natalia Szeligowska ◽

Marcel Bawej ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digestive System ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Review Article ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Microbial Fermentation ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Gelidium Amansii ◽

Alternative Feed ◽

Rumen Microbiome ◽

General Recognition

In recent years, a boost in the ruminant population has been observed, and consequently, an increase in the animals’ demand for nutrients and methane emissions. Methane emission is generated during the microbial fermentation of feed in the rumen, and a percentage even up to 12% of the energy obtained by this process can be wasted. In addition, the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry is being increasingly restricted. restricted. As a result, there is a continuous search for innovative feed additives that can serve as alternatives to antibiotics, and will also be safe for both people and the environment. In the present review article, additives were selected on basis that, according to studies conducted so far, may positively affect the microbiome of the digestive system by improving indicators and/or reducing methane production. Among them, probiotics, prebiotics or their combination—synbiotics are at the forefront of research. However, additives in the form of algae or plant origin are also gaining ground in popularity, such as essential oils, fermented wheat straw or Gelidium amansii, due to their general recognition as safe (GRAS) for both humans and environment.

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A homodimeric bacterial exo-β-1,3-glucanase derived from moose rumen microbiome shows a structural framework similar to yeast exo-β-1,3-glucanases

Enzyme and Microbial Technology ◽

10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109723 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 ◽

pp. 109723

Author(s):

Dayanand C. Kalyani ◽

Tom Reichenbach ◽

Henrik Aspeborg ◽

Christina Divne

Keyword(s):

Structural Framework ◽

Rumen Microbiome

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PSIX-3 Comparison of 16S rRNA gene profiles of rumen microbiome from Raramuri Criollo, European and Criollo x European lineages

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.789 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 441-442

Author(s):

Adrian Maynez-Perez ◽

Francisco Jahuey-Martinez ◽

Jose A Martinez-Quintana ◽

Michael E Hume ◽

Robin C Anderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Beta Diversity ◽

Chihuahuan Desert ◽

Reference Database ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Northern Mexico ◽

Rumen Microbiome

Abstract Raramuri Criollo cattle from the Chihuahuan desert in northern Mexico have been described as an ecological ecotype due to their enormous advantage in land grass utilization and their capacity to diversify their diet with cacti, forbs and woody plants. This diversification in diet utilization, could reflect upon their microbiome composition. The aim of this study was to characterize the rumen microbiome of Raramuri criollo cattle and to compare it to other lineages that graze in the same area. A total of 28 cows representing three linages [Criollo (n = 13), European (n = 9) and Criollo x European Crossbred (n = 6)] were grazed without supplementation for 45 days. DNA was extracted from ruminal samples and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced on an Illumina platform. Data were analyzed with the QIIME2 software package and DADA2 plugin and the amplicon sequence variants were taxonomically classified with naïve Bayesian using the SILVA 16S rRNA gene reference database (version 132). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and PERMANOVA for alpha and beta diversity indexes, respectively, and the non-strict version of linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used to determine significantly different taxa among lineages. Differences in beta diversity indexes (P < 0.05) were found in ruminal microbiome composition between Criollo and European groups, whereas the Crossbred showed intermediate values when compared to the pure breeds (Table 1). LEfSe analysis identified a total of 20 bacterial groups that explained differences between lineages, including one for Crossbreed, ten for European and nine for Criollo. These results show ruminal microbiome differences between Raramuri criollo cattle and the mainstream European breeds used in the northern Mexico Chihuahuan desert and reflect that those differences could be a consequence of dissimilar grazing behavior.

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Advancements in Molecular Techniques and Bioinformatics for Understanding the Rumen Microbiome

Understanding Host-Microbiome Interactions - An Omics Approach ◽

10.1007/978-981-10-5050-3_19 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 337-349

Author(s):

Neelam M. Nathani ◽

Amrutlal K. Patel ◽

Chandra Shekar Mootapally ◽

Ramesh K. Kothari ◽

Chaitanya G. Joshi

Keyword(s):

Molecular Techniques ◽

Rumen Microbiome

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Air-Dried Brown Seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, Alters the Rumen Microbiome in a Manner That Changes Rumen Fermentation Profiles and Lowers the Prevalence of Foodborne Pathogens

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.00017-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mi Zhou ◽

Martin Hünerberg ◽

Yanhong Chen ◽

Tim Reuter ◽

Tim A. McAllister ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Brown Seaweed ◽

Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Feed Additive ◽

E Coli ◽

Rumen Microbiome ◽

The Impact ◽

Brown Macroalga

Maintaining product safety and reducing the carbon footprint of production are two sustainability goals of the livestock industry. The objective of this study was to study the impact of Tasco, a product derived from the brown macroalgaAscophyllum nodosum, on the rumen microbiome and its function. The inclusion of Tasco altered both rumen and fecal microbiota levels without affecting rumen fermentation. Tasco reduced fecalEscherichia colipopulations and specifically reduced the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producingE. coliO45, O103, O111, and O121 in feces. The findings of this study highlight the application of Tasco as a potential feed additive to reduce pathogen shedding in rams without interfering with ruminal metabolism.

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