Selected Alternative Feed Additives Used to Manipulate the Rumen Microbiome

In recent years, a boost in the ruminant population has been observed, and consequently, an increase in the animals’ demand for nutrients and methane emissions. Methane emission is generated during the microbial fermentation of feed in the rumen, and a percentage even up to 12% of the energy obtained by this process can be wasted. In addition, the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry is being increasingly restricted. restricted. As a result, there is a continuous search for innovative feed additives that can serve as alternatives to antibiotics, and will also be safe for both people and the environment. In the present review article, additives were selected on basis that, according to studies conducted so far, may positively affect the microbiome of the digestive system by improving indicators and/or reducing methane production. Among them, probiotics, prebiotics or their combination—synbiotics are at the forefront of research. However, additives in the form of algae or plant origin are also gaining ground in popularity, such as essential oils, fermented wheat straw or Gelidium amansii, due to their general recognition as safe (GRAS) for both humans and environment.

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Modeling of feed additives for poultry, with the inclusion of probiotic strains

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202126202015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 262 ◽

pp. 02015

Author(s):

Galina Zelenkova ◽

Alexey Zelenkov ◽

Antonina Pahomova ◽

Alexander Pakhomov

Keyword(s):

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Microbial Fermentation ◽

Animal Products ◽

Prebiotic Activity ◽

Viable Cells ◽

Beneficial Microorganisms ◽

Probiotic Strains ◽

The Ideal

The distribution of feed containing probiotics is one of the most attractive trends in modern animal husbandry for consumers. The introduction of a live component makes the feed not only more effective, but also reduces the content of toxic components, making animal products more environmentally friendly. However, the introduction of viable cells of beneficial microorganisms into the feed significantly increases the requirements for the level of feed design, which in turn forces the development of new, unusual algorithms for such design for zootechnics. First of all, the development of feed additives with the inclusion of probiotic strains should be carried out only taking into account the specific application (type of animal of agricultural significance) and the extent to which the studied microorganisms and the substrate for microbial fermentation are suitable for this animal. The most important issue in this regard is the interaction of the living component with the inanimate one. At a minimum, substances that are part of probiotic feeds and feed additives should not inhibit the growth of target microorganisms. The ideal option is the ability to stimulate their growth or prebiotic activity.

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The effects and mechanisms of acids on the health of piglets and weaners – a review

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2020-0088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Piotr Nowak ◽

Anita Zaworska-Zakrzewska ◽

Andrzej Frankiewicz ◽

Małgorzata Kasprowicz-Potocka

Keyword(s):

Digestive System ◽

Buffer Capacity ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Inorganic Acids ◽

Low Activity ◽

The Eu

AbstractThe rearing of piglets is the most difficult period in the pigs’ production because of their poorly developed digestive system and the low activity of digestive enzymes. Problems in nutrition and stress cause some disorders in the functioning of the digestive system leading to diarrhea and the mortality of piglets. Starting in 2006 in the EU, a total ban on antibiotics in their use as growth promoters was introduced. Since then, new and safe feed additives have been sought in order to replace antibiotics. Organic and inorganic acids as well as their salts were recognized as effective and safe additives. Due to their properties, they can improve feed palatability and digestibility, reduce the buffer capacity of feed, impact the development and functioning of the pig’s digestive system and improve the health and growth parameters. However, the effectiveness of acids is related to their qualitative and quantitative share in the feed additive. In this review, some strategies for using organic acids, their mixtures and also some new multi-component products will be discussed.

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Preparation of the copper-containing metallogels based on chitosan for biomedical and agricultural applications

Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202008008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (8) ◽

pp. 60-70

Author(s):

A. A. Vikhrov ◽

◽

V. P. Zubov ◽

S. Yu. Zaytsev ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrostatic Interactions ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Chitosan Solution ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Improved Method ◽

Polymer Complexes ◽

Promising Alternative

It is well-known, due to the geological features in a number of regions of the Russian Federation, there may be a shortage of certain microelements and other important “nutrients” in animal diets. The main approach to solve this problem is to use special feed additives. At present, preparations based on organic sources, for example, metal-polymer complexes, are considered a promising alternative. The purpose of this study is to develop an improved method for preparation of the copper-containing polysaccharide complexes and to study their most important parameters. Using CuCl2 as an example, it was shown that the formation of chitosan hydrogels is possible without the usage of potentially hazardous cross-linking agents (for example, glutaraldehyde) or polyvalent anions (for example, SO4 2–), which provide non-covalent cross-linking of chitosan due to electrostatic interactions with NH3 + in its composition. It was found that, upon frontal «gelation» of a 2% chitosan solution (MM 400±100 kDa) in acetic acid (1 vol%), the formation of stable metal gels is observed provided that the content of CuCl2 and ethanol in the precipitant solution is more than 40 mg/ml or more than 24 vol.%, respectively (Vchitosan = Vprecipitant). The obtained complexes are stable in aqueous-alcoholic solutions and swell in water up to destruction (pH 5,5). After additional treatment with an aqueous 1,5% ammonia solution, complexes practically do not swell in solutions with ≥ pH 5,5 (at least τ = 6 days) and dissolve at pH ≤ 4,2. Thus, the use of these complexes is able to provide the release of Cu2 + not in the rumen (pH 6,3–7,2), but in the abomasum (pH ~ 3), which can increase the bioavailability of copper. The development of an improved method for obtaining metal-polysaccharide complexes in a gel form that does not contain «ballast» (in terms of nutritional value and physiology of farm animals) anions (for example, SO4 2–) opens up new opportunities for the development of highly effective feed additives for animal husbandry.

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ОКРЕМІ СКЛАДОВІ ХІМУСУ ТА ЇХ ОБМІН В ОРГАНІЗМІ ПОРОСЯТ

Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії ◽

10.31210/visnyk2014.03.12 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 71-76

Author(s):

О. І. Мироненко

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Digestive System ◽

Echinacea Purpurea ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Potassium Sodium

Вивчені особливості травлення у поросят післявідлучення, обґрунтовано використання окремих не-традиційних кормових добавок у раціонах поросят.Досліджено динаміку вмісту мінеральних елементів(кальцію, фосфору, калію, натрію, заліза) та їх обміну шлунково-кишковому тракті поросят під дієюокремих кормових добавок. Представлені результатидосліджень кормових добавок із сухого мінеральногоконцентрату, ліпроту та ехінацеї пурпурової з точкизору їх впливу на вміст у шлунку, порожній і клубовійкишках. The peculiarities of the digestive system in piglets after weaning, justified the use of certain non-conventional feed additives in the diets of pigs. The dynamics of the mineral elements (calcium, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, iron) and their metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs by the action of certain feed additives. The results of studies of dry feed additives mineral concentrate, Liprot and Echinacea purpurea in terms of their influence on the contents of the stomach empty and ileum.

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The nutritional applications of garlic (Allium sativum) as natural feed additives in animals

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11934 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11934

Author(s):

Jiashun Chen ◽

Fang Wang ◽

Yexin Yin ◽

Xiaokang Ma

Keyword(s):

Allium Sativum ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Herbal Remedies ◽

Organosulfur Compounds ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Stress Markers

Garlic (Allium sativum) is an essential vegetable that has been widely utilized as seasoning, flavoring, culinary and in herbal remedies. Garlic contains several characteristic organosulfur compounds, such as diallyl sulfide, allicin (diallyl thiosulphate), γ-glutamylcysteine, and S-allyl cysteine (alliin) and ajoene, which garlic has beneficial effects on inflammation, oxidative stress markers, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and endothelial function in vitro or in animal model. These bioactive molecules are also playing pivotal role in livestock and fisheries production apart from its application in humans. Supplementation of animal feed with garlic and its related products is consistent with the modern agricultural concept of organic animal husbandry. This review compiles the information describing the effects of feeding garlic and its extracts on selected performance parameters in animals (chicken, rabbits, ruminants, pigs and fish). This review may provide reference for scientists and entrepreneurs to investigate the applications of feeds added with garlic and allicin by-products for the improvement of animal husbandry and aquatic production.

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Rural women empowerment through small scale poultry farming: A case study of Vattamkulam model, Malappuram

10.51128/jfas.2020.a023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 126-130

Author(s):

S. L. Gayathri ◽

M. Muhammed Asif

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Rural Women ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Small Scale ◽

Meat Production ◽

Average Weight ◽

Women Empowerment ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Short Period

Abstract: The Animal husbandry department of Kerala and local self-government department and Kudumbashree mission has started a plan during 2018-19 entitled “Backyard broiler farming” at Vattamkulam Gramapanchayath, Edappal, Malappuram district. The said plan was advertised as ‘Earn money at your doorstep through broiler farming’ and was welcomed by more than 40 household women. The farmers who owned a land area, not less than 10 cents were selected for this model. The local self- Government provided the shelter arrangements including cages for free of cost. The Animal husbandry department has supplied chicks (Day old Cobb varieties) and feed and aided Kudumbashree unit to market these broilers. The speciality of broiler farming is that within a short period (35 – 40 days) a chick gains an average weight of 2 – 2.3 kg, which can be sold at market to earn a reasonable margin of profit for farmers. The usual mortality rate was 5% for broiler farming, but it was less than 2 % in this model. Modified vaccination protocol against the viral disease Gumboro (I.B.D), has been adopted for this model to reduce the mortality rate. Also, antibiotics as feed additives were not supplemented in this model. Within 40 days, these women entrepreneurs are getting a good profit from meat production alone. This broiler meat is marketed under the brand name of Vattamkulam Safe Chicken. The Vattamkulam backyard broiler farming helps the household women support themselves and provide safe and quality meat to society in which they belong. Keywords: Women empowerment, Vattamkulam Model, Broiler farming

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Improving the Quality of Broiler Duck Carcasses with the Addition of Meniran Plan (Phylanthus niruri L.) Extract as a Feed Additive

Journal of Development Research ◽

10.28926/jdr.v5i2.176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 201-205

Author(s):

Lestariningsih Lestariningsih ◽

Fatra Nonggala Putra

Keyword(s):

Feed Additives ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Carcass Quality ◽

Alternative Feed ◽

Operational Costs ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Level 3 ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The purpose of this research was to determine the improvement of the carcass quality of broiler ducks with the addition of meniran extract as a feed additive. This is based on the fluctuating price of feed 70 – 80% is part of the operational costs and the prohibition on the use of antibiotics requires alternative feed additives that are safe for human consumption. This research was carried out in Juni – August 2021 in Dayu Village, Nglegok District Blitar Regency. The method used is experimental with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The design used is Completely Randomized Design. The result showed that giving meniran extract as a feed additive could improve the carcass quality of broiler duck including carcass weight and carcass percentage and dit not have a significant effect on slaughter weight. It is recommended to use meniran plan extract level 3% to improve the carcass quality of broiler ducks.

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BACKGROUND CONTENT OF TECHNOGENIC AND NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN DETOXIFYING AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology ◽

10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202102019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 223-229

Author(s):

G.А. Zhorov ◽

◽

L.L. Zakharova ◽

V.N. Obryvin ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Specific Activity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Natural Radionuclides ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Biologically Active Substances ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Radioactive Isotopes ◽

Active Substances

For correctly assess the effectiveness and safety of the use of sorption-detoxifying agents and feed additives intended for animals receiving feed with an excess content of toxicants, it is necessary to take into account the background levels of radionuclides, toxic elements, pesticides and other technogenic and natural pollutants in the studied substances. The need for such studies is due both to the existence of areas with a naturally elevated level of natural toxicants in the sources of raw materials for the production of additives and drugs, and to the increasing anthropogenic influence, accompanied by the entry of xenobiotics into environmental objects. In series of radiometric studies, the specific activity of technogenic and natural radioactive isotopes (90Sr, 137Cs, 40К, 226Ra, 232Th) in a number of sorption-detoxifying and biologically active substances and preparations used in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine as part of feed additives and pharmacological agents was determined. It was found that in 43% of the studied samples, the level of specific activity of 1,1Sr in 3-90 times higher than allowed by the current standards. The maximum level of 90Sr, equal to (137±9) Bq/kg, was detected in perlite. The specific activity of 137Cs did not exceed the permissible level: in mineral sorbents its amount reached (40±7) Bq/kg, in organic and complex sorbents – (24±4), and in feed additives – (29±8) Bq/kg. The maximum levels of 40K were (1429±83) Bq/ kg in minerals (radionite) and (2613±100) Bq/kg in organic substances (lignohumate). The levels of 226Ra and 232Th did not exceed (153±13) and (79±13) Bq/kg, respectively, and were higher in the mineral samples.

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Digestibility of nutrients and energy metabolism in lactating cows when sapropel is included in the ration

Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production) ◽

10.33920/sel-05-2105-03 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 22-27

Author(s):

L. P. Yarmots ◽

G. A. Yarmots ◽

A. E. Belenkaya ◽

M. O. Smyshlyaeva

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Feed Additives ◽

The Body ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Main Trend ◽

Control Group ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Positive Effect

Unbalanced mineral and vitamin nutrition of lactating cows can be a critical factor in the realization of their productive potential. The development and introduction into production of inexpensive, but effective feed additives is the main trend of improving the feeding of modern animal husbandry. Under the conditions of the Tyumen region such natural raw materials can be sapropels, which successfully combine a variety of biologically active substances. The purpose of the research was to study the digestibility of nutrients and energy metabolism in lactating cows when sapropel is included in the ration. Scientifi c and economic experiment in the study of the effectiveness of feeding sapropel lake Nepryak has been carried out in the training and experimental farm of the State Northern Trans-Urals Agrarian University. The animals of the control group have been fed the main diet. Cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups have been fed 300 and 500 g of sapropel per head/day, respectively, in addition to the main ration. It has been found as a result of research that the introduction of sapropel into the ration of cows has a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients. The digestibility coefficients were higher in the animals of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups compared with the cows of the control group. Cows from the experimental groups digested all the organic substances of the ration better. During the experiment period cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups in contrast to the control group had higher milk yield by 11,31 and 10,38 %, respectively, milk protein yield by 10,56 and 5,95 %, milk fat yield by 17,18 and 12,99 %. It has been established that the introduction of sapropel into the ration of cows has the positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients, contributes to the increase of milk productivity, normalizes the metabolism in the body.

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