Submaximal Exercise–Based Equations to Predict Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh E. Smith ◽  
Harrison Evans ◽  
Gaynor Parfitt ◽  
Roger Eston ◽  
Katia Ferrar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Submaximal Exercise

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Submaximal Exercise-Based Equations to Predict Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Young People

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Ferrar ◽  
Harrison Evans ◽  
Ashleigh Smith ◽  
Gaynor Parfitt ◽  
Roger Eston
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Exercise Mode ◽  
Selection Of

Many equations to predict maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) from submaximal exercise tests have been proposed for young people, but the composition and accuracy of these equations vary greatly. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze all submaximal exercise-based equations to predict V̇O2max measured via direct gas analysis for use with young people. Five databases were systematically searched in February 2013. Studies were included if they used a submaximal, exercise-based method to predict V̇O2max; the actual V̇O2max was gas analyzed; participants were younger than 18 years; and equations included at least one submaximal exercise-based variable. A meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were conducted. Sixteen studies were included. The mean equation validity statistic was strong, r = .786 (95% CI 0.747–0.819). Subgroup meta-analysis suggests exercise mode may contribute to the overall model, with running- and walking-based predictive equations reporting the highest mean r values (running r = .880; walking r = .821) and cycling the weakest (r = .743). Selection of the most appropriate equation should be guided by factors such as purpose, logistic limitations, appropriateness of the validation sample, the level of study bias, and the degree of accuracy. Suggestions regarding the most accurate equation for each exercise mode are provided.

Effects of strict prolonged bed rest on cardiorespiratory fitness: systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Ried-Larsen ◽  
Hugo M. Aarts ◽  
Michael J. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Younger Women

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis [International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42017055619] was to assess the effects of strict prolonged bed rest (without countermeasures) on maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) and to explore sources of variation therein. Since 1949, 80 studies with a total of 949 participants (>90% men) have been published with data on strict bed rest and V̇o2max. The studies were conducted mainly in young participants [median age (interquartile range) 24.5 (22.4–34.0) yr]. The duration of bed rest ranged from 1 to 90 days. V̇o2max declined linearly across bed rest duration. No statistical difference in the decline among studies reporting V̇o2max as l/min (−0.3% per day) compared with studies reporting V̇o2max normalized to body weight (ml·kg−1·min−1; −0.43% per day) was observed. Although both total body weight and lean body mass declined in response to bed rest, we did not see any associations with the decline in V̇o2max. However, 15–26% of the variation in the decline in V̇o2max was explained by the pre-bed-rest V̇o2max levels, independent of the duration of bed rest (i.e., higher pre-bed-rest V̇o2max levels were associated with larger declines in V̇o2max). Furthermore, the systematic review revealed a gap in the knowledge about the cardiovascular response to extreme physical inactivity, particularly in older subjects and women of any age group. In addition to its relevance to spaceflight, this lack of data has significant translational implications because younger women sometimes undergo prolonged periods of bed rest associated with the complications of pregnancy and the incidence of hospitalization including prolonged periods of bed rest increases with age. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Large interindividual responses of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) to aerobic exercise training exist. However, less is known about the variability in the response of V̇o2max to prolonged bed rest. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that pre-bed-rest V̇o2max values were inversely associated with the change in V̇o2max independent of the duration of bed rest. Moreover, we identified a large knowledge gap about the causes of decline in V̇o2max, particularly in postmenopausal women, which may have clinical implications.

scholarly journals Comparison of constant load exercise intensity for verification of maximal oxygen uptake following a graded exercise test in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Villanueva ◽  
John C. Campbell ◽  
Serena M. Medina ◽  
Theresa M. Jorgensen ◽  
Shannon L. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and Metabolic Responses to Water Aerobics Exercise in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Nikolai ◽  
Brittany A. Novotny ◽  
Cortney L. Bohnen ◽  
Kathryn M. Schleis ◽  
Lance C. Dalleck
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Acsm Guidelines

Background:The purposes of this study were (1) to assess the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to water aerobic exercise and (2) to determine if water aerobics exercise meets the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines for improving and maintaining car-diorespiratory fitness.Methods:Fourteen men and women—mean ± SD age 57.4 ± 7.6 y, height 171.3 ± 7.8 cm, weight 89.9 ± 13.9 kg, body-fat percentage 32.5% ± 5.8%, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) 31.0 ± 8.3 mL · kg−1 · min−1—completed a maximal treadmill exercise test and a 50-min water aerobics session. Cardiovascular and metabolic data were collected via a portable calorimetric measurement system.Results:Mean exercise intensity was 43.4% of heart-rate reserve and 42.2% of maximal oxygen uptake reserve. Training intensity in metabolic equivalents was 4.26 ± 0.96. Total net energy expenditure for the exercise session was 249.1 ± 94.5 kcal/session.Conclusions:Results indicate that water aerobics is a feasible alternative to land-based exercise for middle-aged and older adults that fulfills the ACSM guidelines for improving and maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness.

scholarly journals Is a verification phase useful for confirming maximal oxygen uptake in apparently healthy adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247057
Author(s):  
Victor A. B. Costa ◽  
Adrian W. Midgley ◽  
Sean Carroll ◽  
Todd A. Astorino ◽  
Tainah de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Exercise Modality ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background The ‘verification phase’ has emerged as a supplementary procedure to traditional maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) criteria to confirm that the highest possible VO2 has been attained during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Objective To compare the highest VO2 responses observed in different verification phase procedures with their preceding CPET for confirmation that VO2max was likely attained. Methods MEDLINE (accessed through PubMed), Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane (accessed through Wiley) were searched for relevant studies that involved apparently healthy adults, VO2max determination by indirect calorimetry, and a CPET on a cycle ergometer or treadmill that incorporated an appended verification phase. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze the pooled effect of the CPET and verification phase on the highest mean VO2. Meta-analysis effect size calculations incorporated random-effects assumptions due to the diversity of experimental protocols employed. I2 was calculated to determine the heterogeneity of VO2 responses, and a funnel plot was used to check the risk of bias, within the mean VO2 responses from the primary studies. Subgroup analyses were used to test the moderator effects of sex, cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise modality, CPET protocol, and verification phase protocol. Results Eighty studies were included in the systematic review (total sample of 1,680 participants; 473 women; age 19–68 yr.; VO2max 3.3 ± 1.4 L/min or 46.9 ± 12.1 mL·kg-1·min-1). The highest mean VO2 values attained in the CPET and verification phase were similar in the 54 studies that were meta-analyzed (mean difference = 0.03 [95% CI = -0.01 to 0.06] L/min, P = 0.15). Furthermore, the difference between the CPET and verification phase was not affected by any of the potential moderators such as verification phase intensity (P = 0.11), type of recovery utilized (P = 0.36), VO2max verification criterion adoption (P = 0.29), same or alternate day verification procedure (P = 0.21), verification-phase duration (P = 0.35), or even according to sex, cardiorespiratory fitness level, exercise modality, and CPET protocol (P = 0.18 to P = 0.71). The funnel plot indicated that there was no significant publication bias. Conclusions The verification phase seems a robust procedure to confirm that the highest possible VO2 has been attained during a ramp or continuous step-incremented CPET. However, given the high concordance between the highest mean VO2 achieved in the CPET and verification phase, findings from the current study would question its necessity in all testing circumstances. PROSPERO Registration ID CRD42019123540.

scholarly journals The effect of L‐arginine supplementation on maximal oxygen uptake: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahla Rezaei ◽  
Maryam Gholamalizadeh ◽  
Reza Tabrizi ◽  
Peyman Nowrouzi‐Sohrabi ◽  
Samira Rastgoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

REPEATED MEASUREMENTS OF AEROBIC CAPACITY DURING A WEEK OF INTENSIVE TRAINING AT A YOUTHS' TRACK CAMP

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Cumming ◽  
A. Goodwin ◽  
G. Baggley ◽  
Jack Antel
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Run Up

The maximal oxygen uptake of six boys and six girls, 18 to 16 years of age, showed no change with twice daily measurements over a 6-day period at a track camp where intensive physical training was carried out. Over the 6 days, submaximal pulse rate declined 6 beats/min for a constant load, and maximal pulse rate declined 7 beats/min. Boys and girls 13 to 16 years of age may run up to 45 miles daily without producing measurable declines in maximal oxygen uptake. Submaximal exercise pulse rates were higher in the evening compared with the morning. There was a tendency for submaximal exercise pulse rates to decline during training before any increase in aerobic capacity occurred. A prediction of aerobic capacity from submaximal tests based on pulse rate did not give a true indication of changes in aerobic capacity.

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