Current and future perspectives of non-coding RNAs in brain function and neuropsychiatric disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan J. Kyzar ◽  
John Peyton Bohnsack ◽  
Subhash C. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disease ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

scholarly journals NUDT21-spanning CNVs lead to neuropsychiatric disease and altered MeCP2 abundance via alternative polyadenylation

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo A Gennarino ◽  
Callison E Alcott ◽  
Chun-An Chen ◽  
Arindam Chaudhury ◽  
Madelyn A Gillentine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Alternative Polyadenylation ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Mrna Isoforms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disease ◽  
Mecp2 Protein ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
The Brain

The brain is sensitive to the dose of MeCP2 such that small fluctuations in protein quantity lead to neuropsychiatric disease. Despite the importance of MeCP2 levels to brain function, little is known about its regulation. In this study, we report eleven individuals with neuropsychiatric disease and copy-number variations spanning NUDT21, which encodes a subunit of pre-mRNA cleavage factor Im. Investigations of MECP2 mRNA and protein abundance in patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells from one NUDT21 deletion and three duplication cases show that NUDT21 regulates MeCP2 protein quantity. Elevated NUDT21 increases usage of the distal polyadenylation site in the MECP2 3′ UTR, resulting in an enrichment of inefficiently translated long mRNA isoforms. Furthermore, normalization of NUDT21 via siRNA-mediated knockdown in duplication patient lymphoblasts restores MeCP2 to normal levels. Ultimately, we identify NUDT21 as a novel candidate for intellectual disability and neuropsychiatric disease, and elucidate a mechanism of pathogenesis by MeCP2 dysregulation via altered alternative polyadenylation.

scholarly journals Circular RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Emerging Functions to Clinical Significances

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yucheng Zhang ◽  
Yali Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary cancer of the liver and carries high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosing HCC at an early stage is challenging. Therefore, finding new, highly sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC patients is extremely important. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with covalently closed loop structures. They are characterized by remarkable stability, long half-life, abundance and evolutionary conservation. Recent studies have shown that many circRNAs are expressed aberrantly in HCC tissues and have important regulatory roles during the development and progression of HCC. Hence, circRNAs are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. This review: (i) summarizes the biogenesis, categories, and functions of circRNAs; (ii) focuses on current progress of dysregulated expression of circRNAs in HCC with regard to regulation of the tumor hallmarks, “stemness” of cancer cells, and immunotherapy; (iii) highlights circRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC; and (iv) discusses some of the challenges, questions and future perspectives of circRNAs research in HCC.

scholarly journals Non-coding RNAs in cancer-associated cachexia: clinical implications and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 101101
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kottorou ◽  
Foteinos-Ioannis Dimitrakopoulos ◽  
Aspasia Tsezou
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

scholarly journals Role of Exosomes in Brain Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Fengling He ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Jinzhi Chen ◽  
Liping Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Normal Brain Function ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that act as messengers to facilitate communication between cells. Non-coding RNAs, proteins, lipids, and microRNAs are delivered by the exosomes to target molecules (such as proteins, mRNAs, or DNA) of host cells, thereby playing a key role in the maintenance of normal brain function. However, exosomes are also involved in the occurrence, prognosis, and clinical treatment of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. In this review, we have summarized novel findings that elucidate the role of exosomes in the occurrence, prognosis, and treatment of brain diseases.

Biologia Futura: progress and future perspectives of long non-coding RNAs in forest trees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maheswari Patturaj ◽  
Aiswarya Munusamy ◽  
Nithishkumar Kannan ◽  
Yasodha Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Forest Trees ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

scholarly journals Functional Non-coding RNA During Embryonic Myogenesis and Postnatal Muscle Development and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Luo ◽  
Wei Lv ◽  
Qian Tong ◽  
Jianjun Jin ◽  
Zaiyan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Heterogeneous Tissue ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Embryonic Myogenesis

Skeletal muscle is a highly heterogeneous tissue that plays a crucial role in mammalian metabolism and motion maintenance. Myogenesis is a complex biological process that includes embryonic and postnatal development, which is regulated by specific signaling pathways and transcription factors. Various non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) account for the majority of total RNA in cells and have an important regulatory role in myogenesis. In this review, we introduced the research progress in miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs related to embryonic and postnatal muscle development. We mainly focused on ncRNAs that regulate myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and postnatal muscle development through multiple mechanisms. Finally, challenges and future perspectives related to the identification and verification of functional ncRNAs are discussed. The identification and elucidation of ncRNAs related to myogenesis will enrich the myogenic regulatory network, and the effective application of ncRNAs will enhance the function of skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Epigenetics: Non-Coding RNAs as a Novel Layer of Complexity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna C. Cavalcante ◽  
Leandro Magalhães ◽  
Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos ◽  
Amanda F. Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Cellular Pathways

Mitochondria are organelles responsible for several functions involved in cellular balance, including energy generation and apoptosis. For decades now, it has been well-known that mitochondria have their own genetic material (mitochondrial DNA), which is different from nuclear DNA in many ways. More recently, studies indicated that, much like nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA is regulated by epigenetic factors, particularly DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). This field is now called mitoepigenetics. Additionally, it has also been established that nucleus and mitochondria are constantly communicating to each other to regulate different cellular pathways. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying mitoepigenetics and nuclei–mitochondria communication, and also about the involvement of the ncRNAs in mitochondrial functions and related diseases. In this context, this review presents the state-of-the-art knowledge, focusing on ncRNAs as new players in mitoepigenetic regulation and discussing future perspectives of these fields.

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