Biological process for coproduction of hydrogen and thermophilic enzymes during CO fermentation

Биологический метод очистки сточных вод представляет собой сложный многокомпонентный процесс, ключевой составляющей которого является работа ферментной системы. Известно, что одним из важнейших ферментов, обеспечивающих биологический процесс, являются дегидрогеназы. Полностью сложнейший механизм действия ферментов до конца пока не раскрыт, однако в практике контроля процессов биологической очистки используется показатель дегидрогеназной активности ила. Результаты исследований позволили дополнить имеющуюся информацию фактическими данными о взаимообусловленности уровня дегидрогеназной активности ила и показателей отдельных технологических параметров биологической очистки. Показано, что режим работы аэротенков (нагрузка на ил, доза активного ила и др.) и величина показателей исходной дегидрогеназной активности и дегидрогеназной активности этого же образца ила со слабо концентрированным раствором (ДАИН2О) связаны между собой и зависят от нагрузки на ил по органическим веществам. Полученные результаты исследования могут быть использованы для контроля биологического процесса очистки сточных вод.The biological method of wastewater treatment is a comprehensive multicomponent process the activities of the enzyme system being the key component of it. It is known that dehydrogenases have been one of the most important enzymes the ensure the biological process. The complicated mechanism of the action of enzymes has not been fully described so far however, in the practice of monitoring biological treatment processes, an indicator of the dehydrogenase activity of sludge is used. The research results provided for supplementing the available information with actual data on the interdependence of the level of dehydrogenase activity of sludge and indicators of individual process parameters of biological treatment. It was shown that the mode of operation of aeration tanks (organic matter load on sludge, dose of activated sludge, etc.) and the values of the initial dehydrogenase activity and dehydrogenase activity of the same sludge sample with weakly concentrated solution (DASН2О) are interconnected and depend on the organic load on sludge. The results of the study can be used to control the biological process of wastewater treatment.The biological method of wastewater treatment is a comprehensive multicomponent process the activities of the enzyme system being the key component of it. It is known that dehydrogenases have been one of the most important enzymes the ensure the biological process. The complicated mechanism of the action of enzymes has not been fully described so far however, in the practice of monitoring biological treatment processes, an indicator of the dehydrogenase activity of sludge is used. The research results provided for supplementing the available information with actual data on the interdependence of the level of dehydrogenase activity of sludge and indicators of individual process parameters of biological treatment. It was shown that the mode of operation of aeration tanks (organic matter load on sludge, dose of activated sludge, etc.) and the values of the initial dehydrogenase activity and dehydrogenase activity of the same sludge sample with weakly concentrated solution (DASН2О) are interconnected and depend on the organic load on sludge. The results of the study can be used to control the biological process of wastewater treatment.

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Suivi du fonctionnement d'une station d'epuration associant physico-chimie et biofiltration = Metabief (France)

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1990.0151 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 22 (1-2) ◽

pp. 251-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Pujol

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Biological Process ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Biological Sludge ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Total Plant ◽

Sludge Characteristic

The sewage treatment plant of Metabief (East of France) has been monitored during three weeks in winter 1988. The treatment associates a physico-chemical treatment with a biological process of biofiltration. The first step eliminates about 60 % of the organic matter (COD and BOD). The biofliters improve the treatment removing 60 % of COD influent and 65 % of TSS. The process is efficient (N excepted) under conditions of the experiment but nitrification is limited by cold temperatures (< 10°C). Important results related to biological sludge product are presented (sludge characteristic, microscopic data, sludge production). Power consumption of biofliters represents 70 % of the total plant needs. Adequate control of washing cycles and close survey of numerous movable devices are of the utmost importance to guarantee the proper operating of biofliters.

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Approach to the Reforms in Nightsoil Treatment Process Introduced Abroad

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0125 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 189-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. B. Guo ◽

R. Z. Chen ◽

G. Li ◽

H. Y. Shoichi

Keyword(s):

Treatment Cost ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Biological Process ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Plant Performance ◽

First Year ◽

Original Design ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Public Toilets

In 1987 Guangzhou Liede Nightsoil Treatment Plant started commissioning. The purpose of the plant is to dispose of 400 tons of nightsoi1 from city public toilets per day. In the first year of the commissioning a biological process was basically used according to the original design made by a Danish company. Practically it has been proved that the design is effective. The process can reduce BOD from 3800 mg/l to about 133 mg/l, or by approximately 96.5 percent. The performance of the sludge digester system is satisfactory. Because the primary investigation on characteristics of the nightsoil was insufficient there were some problems raised during the commissioning. So in the first year the effluent failed to achieve the desired quality. After the analysis of the plant performance some necessary reforms have been carried out. Now the effluent quality can stably meet the national discharge limits and the treatment cost decreases.

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Monitoring of environmental effects and process performance during biological treatment of sediment from the petroleum Harbour in Amsterdam

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0777 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (6-7) ◽

pp. 395-402

Author(s):

Guus C. Stefess

Keyword(s):

Environmental Effects ◽

Organic Contaminants ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Biological Process ◽

Froth Flotation ◽

Fine Fraction ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Silt Fraction

A full-scale (470 m3) process for biological treatment of dredging spoil from the Petroleum Harbour in Amsterdam has been monitored during a pilot project. The dredging spoil was heavily polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and mineral oil. The remediation chain involved dredging, transport of dredged spoil, hydrocyclone separation, froth flotation of the coarse particles, and biological treatment of the silt fraction (<20 μm) in stirred bioractors. The independent monitoring was aimed at recording the environmental effects, product quality and performance of the biological process. Hydrocyclone separation (cut point 20 m) resulted in two bulk streams: 65% sand and 30% silt (based on total dry weight of the input). The sand was cleaned and could be reused as building material. PAH and mineral oil were successfully concentrated in the silt fraction (<20 μm), which was treated biologically. Biological treatment during continuous feeding of fine fraction, at a residence time of 8-10 days for the entire bioreactor system, resulted in considerably reduced mineral oil and PAH contents. Furthermore, the leaching of organic contaminants was reduced, as well as the ecotoxicity. The obtained silt product however did not meet the demands, and had to be landfilled. Minor emissions of contaminants were measured in wastewater and offgas. The energy and chemicals consumption were acceptable. The biological process appears to be promising for the treatment of less-severely contaminated dredged material.

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Cost-effective upgrading of the Arnsberg WWTP by post denitrification with a moving bed system

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0186 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (9) ◽

pp. 123-130

Author(s):

N. Jardin ◽

L. Rath ◽

A. Sabin ◽

F. Schmitt ◽

D. Thöle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Biological Process ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Benefit Analysis ◽

Moving Bed ◽

Trickling Filters ◽

Sludge Hydrolysis ◽

Effective Integration

On the basis of a cost-benefit analysis it was decided to expand the Arnsberg WWTP by a multistage biological process which allows for cost-effective integration of the existing facilities. Carbon removal will then be accomplished in a high-loaded activated sludge stage for which the existing primary clarifier is to be reconstructed. The existing trickling filters will be used for nitrification during a midterm period and will be replaced later on either by a moving bed system or by new trickling filters. Line 3 of the existing secondary clarifiers will be reconstructed and used for post denitrification in a moving bed system. The carbon needed for denitrification will be provided by means of sludge hydrolysis and the use of an external carbon source.

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Innovative Biological Process – Bioleaching - Enhancing Sludge Dewaterability, Pilot Study and Full Scale Application

Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation ◽

10.2175/193864717822156749 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (5) ◽

pp. 5098-5102

Author(s):

Weizhong Xiao ◽

Yu Yuan ◽

Juan Tao ◽

Sami Sarrouh

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Biological Process ◽

Full Scale ◽

Sludge Dewaterability

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Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2019-0110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1017-1025

Author(s):

Mohamed Réda Arhoutane ◽

Muna Shueai Yahya ◽

Miloud El Karbane ◽

Kacem El Kacemi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Biological Process ◽

Oxidative Degradation ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Applied Current ◽

Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽

First Order ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

By Products

AbstractIn the context of environmental protection, where there is a need to develop effective operations for carrying out appropriate treatment of polluted water by pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the present study aims at evaluating the degradation for gentamicin through electro-Fenton (EF) operation, through taking into consideration the effect of several parameters of experimental in the process, namely, the concentration of initial gentamicin, the applied current and the Fe+2 (II) quantities. The (EF) operation employed involves a carbon-felt as cathode and platinum as anode at pH 3. Studies for the gentamicin kinetics is monitored by HPLC giving a pseudo-first order reaction following by a chemical oxygen demand, with a reached degree of mineralization 96% after of four hours of treatment through current 100 mA/cm2 with 0.1 mM of Fe+2. We find that the degradation for molecule of gentamicin is accompanied by an augmentation of the biodegradability, assesse through the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio, that augmentation from 0 to 0.41 before treatment after 30 min for EF treatment, showing that there is potential for conjugation of the EF process and the biological process. Furthermore, the by-products have been identified on the basis of HPLC-MS/MS results.

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Heparan Sulfate Deficiency in Cartilage: Enhanced BMP-Sensitivity, Proteoglycan Production and an Anti-Apoptotic Expression Signature after Loading

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073726 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3726

Author(s):

Matthias Gerstner ◽

Ann-Christine Severmann ◽

Safak Chasan ◽

Andrea Vortkamp ◽

Wiltrud Richter

Keyword(s):

Heparan Sulfate ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Biological Process ◽

Transcriptome Profiling ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Unconfined Compression ◽

Expression Signature ◽

Hypomorphic Allele ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Engineered Cartilage

Osteoarthritis (OA) represents one major cause of disability worldwide still evading efficient pharmacological or cellular therapies. Severe degeneration of extracellular cartilage matrix precedes the loss of mobility and disabling pain perception in affected joints. Recent studies showed that a reduced heparan sulfate (HS) content protects cartilage from degradation in OA-animal models of joint destabilization but the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. We aimed to clarify whether low HS-content alters the mechano-response of chondrocytes and to uncover pathways relevant for HS-related chondro-protection in response to loading. Tissue-engineered cartilage with HS-deficiency was generated from rib chondrocytes of mice carrying a hypomorphic allele of Exostosin 1 (Ext1), one of the main HS-synthesizing enzymes, and wildtype (WT) littermate controls. Engineered cartilage matured for 2 weeks was exposed to cyclic unconfined compression in a bioreactor. The molecular loading response was determined by transcriptome profiling, bioinformatic data processing, and qPCR. HS-deficient chondrocytes expressed 3–6% of WT Ext1-mRNA levels. Both groups similarly raised Sox9, Col2a1, and Acan levels during maturation. However, HS-deficient chondrocytes synthesized and deposited 50% more GAG/DNA. TGFβ and FGF2-sensitivity of Ext1gt/gt chondrocytes was similar to WT cells but their response to BMP-stimulation was enhanced. Loading induced similar activation of mechano-sensitive ERK and P38-signaling in WT and HS-reduced chondrocytes. Transcriptome analysis reflected regulation of cell migration as major load-induced biological process with similar stimulation of common (Fosl1, Itgα5, Timp1, and Ngf) as well as novel mechano-regulated genes (Inhba and Dhrs9). Remarkably, only Ext1-hypomorphic cartilage responded to loading by an expression signature of negative regulation of apoptosis with pro-apoptotic Bnip3 being selectively down-regulated. HS-deficiency enhanced BMP-sensitivity, GAG-production and fostered an anti-apoptotic expression signature after loading, all of which may protect cartilage from load-induced erosion.

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Entamoeba histolytica: Proteomics Bioinformatics Reveal Predictive Functions and Protein–Protein Interactions of Differentially Abundant Membrane and Cytosolic Proteins

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11060376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 376

Author(s):

Norhidayah Azmi ◽

Nurulhasanah Othman

Keyword(s):

Entamoeba Histolytica ◽

Protein Interactions ◽

Biological Process ◽

Protein Protein Interactions ◽

Differential Abundance ◽

Cytosolic Proteins ◽

Functional Annotations ◽

Predictive Functions ◽

Differentially Abundant Proteins ◽

Abundance Proteins

Amoebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica and ranked second for parasitic diseases causing death after malaria. E. histolytica membrane and cytosolic proteins play important roles in the pathogenesis. Our previous study had shown several cytosolic proteins were found in the membrane fraction. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the differential abundance of membrane and cytosolic proteins in membrane versus cytosolic fractions and analyze their predicted functions and interaction. Previous LC-ESI-MS/MS data were analyzed by PERSEUS software for the differentially abundant proteins, then they were classified into their functional annotations and the protein networks were summarized using PantherDB and STRiNG, respectively. The results showed 24 (44.4%) out of the 54 proteins that increased in abundance were membrane proteins and 30 were cytosolic proteins. Meanwhile, 45 cytosolic proteins were found to decrease in abundance. Functional analysis showed differential abundance proteins involved in the molecular function, biological process, and cellular component with 18.88%, 33.04% and, 48.07%, respectively. The STRiNG server predicted that the decreased abundance proteins had more protein–protein network interactions compared to increased abundance proteins. Overall, this study has confirmed the presence of the differentially abundant membrane and cytosolic proteins and provided the predictive functions and interactions between them.

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