Stress hormones mediated lipid accumulation and modulation of specific fatty acids in Nannochloropsis oceanica CASA CC201

Economic viability of biodiesel production relies mainly on the productivity of biomass and microalgal lipids. In addition, production of omega fatty acids is favorable for human nutrition. Thus, enhancement of lipid accumulation with high proportion of omega fatty acids could help the dual use of microalgal lipids in human nutrition and biodiesel production through biorefinery. In that context, phytohormones have been identified as a promising factor to increase biomass and lipids production. However, nitrogen limitation has been discussed as a potential tool for lipid accumulation in microalgae, which results in simultaneous growth retardation. The present study aims to investigate the combined effect of N-depletion and 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA) supplementation on lipid accumulation of the marine eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis oceanica as one of the promising microalgae for omega fatty acids production. The study confirmed that N-starvation stimulates the lipid content of N. oceanica. IAA enhanced both growth and lipid accumulation due to enhancement of pigments biosynthesis. Therefore, combination effect of IAA and nitrogen depletion showed gradual increase in the dry weight compared to the control. Lipid analysis showed lower quantity of saturated fatty acids (SFA, 26.25%) than the sum of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Under N-depletion, SFA decreased by 12.98% compared to the control, which recorded much reduction by increasing of IAA concentration. Reduction of SFA was in favor of PUFA, mainly omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids which increased significantly due to IAA combined with N-depletion. Thus, the present study suggests a biorefinery approach for lipids extracted from N. oceanica for dual application in nutrition followed by biodiesel production.

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High-throughput insertional mutagenesis reveals novel targets for enhancing lipid accumulation in Nannochloropsis oceanica

Metabolic Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.ymben.2021.04.012 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christian Südfeld ◽

Michal Hubáček ◽

Daniel Rodrigues Figueiredo ◽

Mihris I.S. Naduthodi ◽

John van der Oost ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Throughput ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Insertional Mutagenesis ◽

Nannochloropsis Oceanica ◽

Novel Targets

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Enhanced lipid accumulation in Metschnikowia pulcherrima using volatile fatty acids under non-sterile repeated batch cultivation

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation ◽

10.1016/j.ibiod.2021.105256 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 163 ◽

pp. 105256

Author(s):

Qian Li ◽

Danyang Wang ◽

Xiaolei Liu ◽

Anjie Li ◽

Kartik Chandran

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Batch Cultivation ◽

Metschnikowia Pulcherrima ◽

Repeated Batch

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Lipid Accumulation and Chronic Kidney Disease

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11040722 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 722 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Zhibo Gai ◽

Tianqi Wang ◽

Michele Visentin ◽

Gerd Kullak-Ublick ◽

Xianjun Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Scavenger Receptor ◽

Fatty Acid Uptake ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Fatty Acid Transport ◽

Acid Uptake

Obesity and hyperlipidemia are the most prevalent independent risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD), suggesting that lipid accumulation in the renal parenchyma is detrimental to renal function. Non-esterified fatty acids (also known as free fatty acids, FFA) are especially harmful to the kidneys. A concerted, increased FFA uptake due to high fat diets, overexpression of fatty acid uptake systems such as the CD36 scavenger receptor and the fatty acid transport proteins, and a reduced β-oxidation rate underlie the intracellular lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues. FFAs in excess can damage podocytes, proximal tubular epithelial cells and the tubulointerstitial tissue through various mechanisms, in particular by boosting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, promoting mitochondrial damage and tissue inflammation, which result in glomerular and tubular lesions. Not all lipids are bad for the kidneys: polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) seem to help lag the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Lifestyle interventions, especially dietary adjustments, and lipid-lowering drugs can contribute to improve the clinical outcome of patients with CKD.

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Elevated non-esterified fatty acids impair survival and promote lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in bovine endometrial epithelial cells

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd17537 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (12) ◽

pp. 1770 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

W. Chankeaw ◽

Y. Z. Guo ◽

R. Båge ◽

A. Svensson ◽

G. Andersson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Inflammatory Cytokine Production ◽

Esterified Fatty Acids ◽

Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Endometrial Epithelial Cells

Elevated non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are associated with negative effects on bovine theca, granulosa and oviductal cells but the effects of NEFAs on bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs) are not as well documented. The objective of this study was to define the effects of NEFAs on bEECs. Postprimary bEECs were treated with 150, 300 or 500 µM of either palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA) or oleic acid (OA) or a mixture of NEFAs (150 µM of each FA) or 0.5% final concentration of vehicle ethanol (control). Viability and proliferation of bEECs exposed to 150 µM of each NEFA or a mixture of NEFAs were unaffected. Increased lipid accumulation was found in all treated groups (P < 0.01). In cells exposed to 500 µM of each NEFA and 300 µM PA decreased cell viability (P < 0.001), proliferation (P < 0.05) and increased apoptosis (P < 0.05) were observed. Treatment with 500 µM OA, PA and SA had the strongest effects on cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis (P < 0.05). Treatment with PA and OA increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations (P < 0.05), whereas only the highest concentration of PA, OA and SA stimulated IL-8 production (P < 0.05). These results suggest that high concentrations of NEFAs may impair endometrial function with more or less pronounced effects depending on the type of NEFA and time of exposure.

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Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, EDTA and sodium chloride on biomass and lipid accumulation of Chaetomorpha aerea

Current Botany ◽

10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6223 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 152-158

Author(s):

Gour Gopal Satpati ◽

Ruma Pal

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Total Lipid ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Cultural Conditions ◽

Chaetomorpha Aerea ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

The increase of total lipid and fatty acids production was studied under different nutrient stress conditions using the macroalga, Chaetomorpha aerea. The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, ethylene diamine tetra-acetate and sodium chloride on the growth and lipid accumulation were systematically investigated in laboratory conditions. The biomass was harvested at different stages of cultivation and assessed. The maximum changes of growth and lipid accumulation were observed in the exponential phase at different cultural conditions. The two-fold increase of total lipid was found in the order of 28.27±0.04 % (at 0.1 g/L nitrogen) > 27.30±0.37 % (at 0.5 g/L of phosphorus) > 25.86±0.77 % (at 0.05 g/L of EDTA)> 24.37±0.04 % (at 0.05 g/L NaCl) on 8th day of cultivation. The fatty acids were identified and quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The alga produces significantly high amount of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) than the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in different cultural conditions. The elevated levels of C16:1, C18:1 and C20:1 was identified under nitrate, phosphate and salt stress conditions, which are more suitable for biodiesel production.

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Abstract 266: Autophagy Reverses Intramuscular Lipid Accumulation in Myocytes

Circulation Research ◽

10.1161/res.111.suppl_1.a266 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Truong N Lam ◽

Romain Harmancey ◽

Heinrich Taegtmeyer

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Cell Death ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Protective Mechanism ◽

Autophagic Flux ◽

Protein Markers ◽

Failing Heart ◽

Intracellular Lipid Accumulation ◽

Intramuscular Lipid ◽

L6 Myocytes

Autophagy, or “self-eating” of the cell, is a tightly regulated “housekeeping” process involved in the degradation and recycling of protein aggregates and damaged organelles. In the failing heart, autophagy has been shown to be an adaptive response. We have previously demonstrated that a common feature of non-ischemic heart failure is lipid accumulation, which in excess can mediate cardiac dysfunction via lipotoxicity. Since autophagy mediates the clearance of lipids through a specific process, known as lipophagy, in hepatocytes, we wondered whether the activation of autophagy in the failing heart protects myocyte from lipotoxicity. To test this hypothesis, L6 myocytes were incubated over a period of 6 days with long chain fatty acids, either 0.5mM or 1.0mM fatty acids (equimolar mixture of oleate and palmitate). On the sixth day of treatment, an autophagic inhibitor (bafilomycin A1, 200nM) or autophagic activator (rapamycin, 1uM) was added to the cell culture medium for 24 hours. Intracellular triglyceride (TG) accumulation was measured in the cells using enzyme quantification assay as well as Oil Red O stain. Immunoblotting was also performed on protein markers to confirm autophagic flux (LC3 and P62) and cell death (Caspase3) in the myocytes. The results indicated that increasing concentrations of fatty acids gradually increased intracellular TG accumulation. Inhibition of autophagy using bafilomycin increased this effect whereas activation of autophagy using rapamycin reduced lipid accumulation in the L6 myocytes. Moreover, fatty acid mediated cell death was increased when autophagy is inhibited. We conclude that autophagy promotes the clearance of lipids from cultured myocytes. These findings suggest that lipophagy may be a protective mechanism in the myocyte through the decrease and reversal of intracellular lipid accumulation.

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Inclusion of Dietary Defatted Microalgae Dose-Dependently Enriches ω-3 Fatty Acids in Egg Yolk and Tissues of Laying Hens

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxz032 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (6) ◽

pp. 942-950 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Meghan L Manor ◽

Theodore J Derksen ◽

Andrew D Magnuson ◽

Fahad Raza ◽

Xin Gen Lei

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Molecular Regulation ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Nannochloropsis Oceanica ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Δ9 Desaturase ◽

Acyl Coenzyme A ◽

Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT Background The potential for dietary microalgae to enrich eggs of laying hens with ω-3 (n–3) fatty acids, and the mechanisms involved, are unclear. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the effects and molecular regulation of a defatted Nannochloropsis oceanica microalgae (DNOM) biomass on the enrichment of the eggs and tissues of laying hens with ω-3 fatty acids. Methods Fifty Shaver-White Leghorn hens (46 wk of age, body weight: 1.70 ± 0.27 kg) were individually caged (n = 10) and fed a corn-soy–based diet supplemented with DNOM at 0% (control), 2.86%, 5.75%, 11.5%, and 23% for 6 wk. Fatty acid profiles, health status, and related gene expression in eggs, blood, and tissues were performed at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6. Data were analyzed by a combination of 1-factor ANOVA and correlation between DNOM doses and measures. Results The DNOM produced linear (P < 0.01) enrichments of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and total ω-3 fatty acids in the egg yolk (R2 > 0.9) and of DHA in the liver, breast, and thigh (R2 = 0.66–0.82). Concentrations of EPA + DHA in the egg yolk and these 3 tissues of hens fed 11.5% and 23% DNOM were 1.4–2.1, 0.6–1, 3.3–5.3, and 6–7 times greater (P < 0.001) than those in the controls, respectively. The DNOM caused dose-dependent elevations (P < 0.01) of malic enzyme and elongases 3, 4, and 5 mRNA levels (R2 = 0.97, 0.78, 0.97, and 0.86, respectively), along with increased (P < 0.01) Δ5- and Δ6-desaturases and decreased (P < 0.01) Δ9-desaturase and acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 4 mRNA levels in the liver. Conclusions Feeding DNOM to laying hens produced dose-dependent enrichments of DHA in their eggs, liver, and muscles by regulating key genes involved in the elongation and desaturation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our findings will help produce DHA-enriched eggs.

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