Water-soluble manganese porphyrins as good catalysts for cipro- and levofloxacin degradation: Solvent effect, degradation products and DFT insights

Abstract Background Water-soluble vitamins are often included simultaneously in pharmaceutical formulations as food complements or in parenteral nutrition mixtures. Given their sensitivity to heat, light or pH variations, it is important to study their stability using validated stability indicating methods. We thus aimed to validate a liquid chromatography (LC) stability-indicating method for the simultaneous quantification of 5 water-soluble vitamins. Methods We analyzed four water-soluble B vitamins (nicotinamide, pyridoxine, folic acid, cyanocobalamin) and ascorbic acid using a LC method with diode array detector. They were separated on a C18 stationary phase under gradient elution of solvent A [0.2 % of metaphosphoric acid in water and acetonitrile 98:2] and solvent B (100 % acetonitrile). All vitamins were subjected to forced degradation conditions and we showed that the obtained degradation products didn’t interfere with the vitamins. Results The method allows the separation of the 5 water-soluble vitamins in a 30 minute run without any interference from the breakdown products obtained with acid/alkaline solutions, hydrogen peroxide, temperature and light. It meets all the qualitative and quantitative criteria for validation with an acceptable accuracy and good linearity. Conclusions This stability-indicating method can be used for carrying out stability studies of water-soluble vitamins in pharmaceutical preparations.

Download Full-text

Lignocellulose degradation by Fusarium species

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b83-126 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 1194-1198 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

John B. Sutherland ◽

Anthony L. Pometto III ◽

Don L. Crawford

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Lignocellulose Degradation ◽

Blue Spruce ◽

Picea Pungens ◽

Weight Losses ◽

Aromatic Degradation ◽

Different Strains

Eighteen strains of fungi in the genus Fusarium, including varieties of F. episphaeria, F. lateritium, F. moniliforme, F. nivale, F. oxysporum, F. rigidiusculum, F. roseum, F. solani, and F. tricinctum, slowly degraded lignocelluloses from blue spruce (Picea pungens) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). When grown with [lignin-14C]lignocellulose from blue spruce, 15 of the Fusarium strains converted 2.2 to 4.3% of the [14C]lignin in 60 days to 14CO2 and 3.9 to 8.4% to labeled water-soluble products. When grown with unlabeled lignocellulose from wheat straw, the strains caused total weight losses in 60 days of 7 to 25%, acid-insoluble (Klason) lignin losses of 2 to 17%, and carbohydrate losses of 3 to 33%. Crude protein contents of degraded wheat-straw lignocellulose samples were 3.2 to 5.1%. Among the aromatic degradation products from wheat-straw lignocellulose degraded by different strains, as shown by gas chromatography, were p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde, and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

Download Full-text

Photo-transformation of aqueous nitroguanidine and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one : emerging munitions compounds

10.21079/11681/41743 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julie Becher ◽

Samuel Beal ◽

Susan Taylor ◽

Katerina Dontsova ◽

Dean Wilcox

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Pure Water ◽

Transformation Products ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Uv Exposure ◽

Degradation Pathways ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Photo Degradation ◽

Degradation Rates

Two major components of insensitive munition formulations, nitroguanidine (NQ) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), are highly water soluble and therefore likely to photo-transform while in solution in the environment. The ecotoxicities of NQ and NTO solutions are known to increase with UV exposure, but a detailed accounting of aqueous degradation rates, products, and pathways under different exposure wavelengths is currently lacking. We irradiated aqueous solutions of NQ and NTO over a 32-h period at three ultraviolet wavelengths and analyzed their degradation rates and transformation products. NQ was completely degraded by 30 min at 254 nm and by 4 h at 300 nm, but it was only 10% degraded after 32 h at 350 nm. Mass recoveries of NQ and its transformation products were >80% for all three wavelengths. NTO degradation was greatest at 300 nm with 3% remaining after 32 h, followed by 254 nm (7% remaining) and 350 nm (20% remaining). Mass recoveries of NTO and its transformation products were high for the first 8 h but decreased to 22–48% by 32 h. Environmental half-lives of NQ and NTO in pure water were estimated as 4 and 6 days, respectively. We propose photo-degradation pathways for NQ and NTO supported by observed and quantified degradation products and changes in solution pH.

Download Full-text

Inhibitory effects of water-soluble cationic manganese porphyrins on peroxynitrite-induced SOS response in Salmonella typhimurium TA4107/pSK1002

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis ◽

10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.04.010 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 554 (1-2) ◽

pp. 165-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Noriko Motohashi ◽

Ayumi Takahashi ◽

Masaki Mifune ◽

Yutaka Saito

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Sos Response ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Manganese Porphyrins

Download Full-text

Isolation and identification of some major peptides in the ethanol-soluble fraction of the pH 4·6-soluble extract from Manchego cheese

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029905001500 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 87-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Justa M Poveda ◽

Lourdes Cabezas ◽

Sinéad Geary ◽

Paul LH McSweeney

Keyword(s):

Soluble Fraction ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Manchego Cheese ◽

Feta Cheese ◽

Ewe's Milk ◽

Large Water ◽

Few Data

Proteolysis is one of the major biochemical events which takes place during cheese ripening and its degradation products, amino acids and peptides, have a considerable influence on the sensory characteristics of cheese (Urbach, 1993). Primary proteolysis leads to the formation of large water-insoluble peptides and smaller water-soluble peptides. Several peptides from bovine milk cheeses have been isolated and identified, particularly from Cheddar cheese (e.g., McSweeney et al. 1994; Singh et al. 1994, 1995, 1997; Gouldsworthy et al. 1996; Fernández et al. 1998). However, there are few data available on the identification of peptides from ewes’ milk cheeses, although Michaelidou et al. (1998) identified some major peptides in the water-soluble fraction of Feta cheese (ewe's milk cheese).

Download Full-text

Oxidation states of manganese porphyrins in water solutions

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines ◽

10.1142/s108842460500054x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 09 (06) ◽

pp. 436-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Oscar Ramirez-Gutierrez ◽

Josep Claret ◽

Josep M. Ribo

Keyword(s):

Oxidation State ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Oxidation States ◽

Vitreous Carbon ◽

Alkaline Solutions ◽

Carbon Electrode ◽

Water Solutions ◽

Manganese Porphyrins ◽

Electron Reduction ◽

Mn Porphyrins

The Mn oxidation state of two water soluble Mn porphyrins, MnTMPyP and MnTPPS 4, was studied as a function of the aqua or hydroxo ligands of the Mn atom. In NaOH solutions, long-lived O = Mn(IV) species were detected in the presence of O 2. Conversely, the dihydroxo Mn(III) porphyrin reduces spontaneously to the Mn(II) species in the absence of O 2. In alkaline solutions, these Mn porphyrins were able to electrocatalyze the 4-electron reduction of O 2 to H 2 O on a vitreous carbon electrode.

Download Full-text

Two-step hydrolysis of nipa (Nypa fruticans) frond as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2011.046 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Natthanon Phaiboonsilpa ◽

Pramila Tamunaidu ◽

Shiro Saka

Keyword(s):

Cold Water ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Crystalline Cellulose ◽

Second Stage ◽

Nypa Fruticans ◽

Decomposition Pathway ◽

Hot Compressed Water ◽

Inorganic Constituents ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Two-step hydrolysis of nipa (Nypa fruticans) frond, one of the monocotyledonous angiosperms, was studied in a semi-flow hot-compressed water treatment at 230°C/10 MPa/15 min (first stage) and 270°C/10 MPa/30 min (second stage). In the first stage, hemicelluloses such as O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoarabinoxylan and pectin and para-crystalline cellulose were selectively hydrolyzed, as well as lignin, which was partially decomposed. In the second stage, hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose and some additional decomposition of lignin were observed. In addition, inorganic constituents and free sugars, composed mainly of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, were recovered in cold water (20°C/10 MPa/30 min) prior to these 2 stages. In total, 97.3% of oven-dried nipa frond sample could be solubilized into cold and hot-compressed water. The degradation products in the water-soluble portion were primarily recovered as various saccharides (hydrolyzed moieties of the polyoses), which were later dehydrated, fragmented and isomerized partly. The residual (2.7%) is composed mainly of lignin associated with 0.4% of Si. A decomposition pathway is proposed for O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoarabinoxylan as the major hemicellulose based on its various hydrolyzed products.

Download Full-text

Identification and structural characterization of four novel degradation products and a process impurity of isavuconazonium sulfate for injection formulation bulk by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS

European Journal of Mass Spectrometry ◽

10.1177/1469066719884402 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 144-152

Author(s):

Venkata Rama Prabhakara Sastry Regella ◽

Venkatesan Chidambaram Subramanian ◽

Sarveswara Sastry Bhetanabhotla

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Structural Characterization ◽

Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Tandem Mass ◽

Light Conditions

Isavuconazonium sulfate is a highly water-soluble pro-drug of active triazole isavuconazole. The degradation profile of isavuconazonium sulfate for injection formulation bulk under acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation, heat, and light conditions was studied using LC-PDA/MS technique. Four degradation products (DP1 to DP4) and one process impurity (PI1) were identified in isavuconazonium sulfate formulation bulk and characterized the identified impurities by liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization-quadruple-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. Isavuconazole (DP1) was found to be one of the major degradation products of isavuconazonium sulfate.

Download Full-text