The effect of soy products on cardiovascular risk factors and blood pressure in women with metabolic syndrome

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study is to investigate the cardiovascular risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is increasingly becoming prevalent in childhood obesity. Methods A total of 113 patients, 76 of whom were between the ages of 10 and 17 (mean age: 14.5 ± 1.8 years) and diagnosed with obesity (30 non-MetS and 46 MetS using IDF) and 37 of whom constituted the control group, participated in the study. Echocardiographic examination and atherogenicity parameters (Atherogenic index of plasma [AIP: logTG/HDL], total cholesterol/HDL, and TG/HDL ratio and non-HDL) were evaluated. Results The most common component accompanying obese MetS was found to be hypertension and low HDL. While obesity duration, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, atherogenicity parameters were determined to be significantly higher in the obese-MetS group. Echocardiography showed that while the thickness, volume, and diameter of LV end-diastolic wall, left ventricular mass (LVM), LVM index (LVMI g/m2) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were significantly high in the MetS group, however, mitral E/A ratio was significantly lower (p<0.05). Change in LV geometry consistent with concentric remodeling (increased RWT, normal LVMI) was visible in obese groups. LVM were positively significantly related to BMI, waist circumference, insulin resistance, blood pressure, LDL level, and negative to mitral E/A ratio. In the obese-MetS group, LVMI was positively correlated to office systolic BP, left atrium end-diastolic volume/index. Conclusions LVMI and atherogenicity parameters that were found to be significantly higher in obese MetS exhibit increased cardiovascular risk in childhood.

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Central blood pressure: Effects of cardiovascular risk factors or presence of metabolic syndrome (on behalf of the reference values for arterial measurements collaboration)

Artery Research ◽

10.1016/j.artres.2012.09.009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 141-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Herbert

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Reference Values ◽

Pressure Effects ◽

Central Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Pressure Effects

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Abstract 3488: Hyperuricemia and the Risk of Isolated Hypertension among Young People without Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Factors: The CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_790 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽

Author(s):

Eswar Krishnan ◽

Hyon K Choi ◽

Lewis H Kuller ◽

Kiang Liu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Young People ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

PURPOSE: The association between higher serum uric acid (SUA) levels and hypertension in the context of the metabolic syndrome is well known. If such an association was causal, one would expect to demonstrate a link between hyperuricemia and incidence of isolated hypertension - a hypothesis that has not been tested so far. METHODS: We used the 15-year limited-access data from the prospective cohort study of Coronary Artery Risk Development in young adults (CARDIA), sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, to identify a group of non-smoking young people with normal blood pressure and free of insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and a family history of cardiovascular diseases. These young people aged between 18 and 30 years at baseline were followed-up for a period of 15 years by 6 study visits where all cardiovascular risk factors were reassessed. Incidence of JNC-7 hypertension was the outcome of interest in Cox proportional hazards models where age, gender, race, lipid levels, blood pressure, alcohol, body mass index, smoking and serum insulin levels (time-varying where appropriate) were the covariates. Baseline serum uric acid (continuous) was the independent variable of interest. A second set of Cox regression analyses was performed among the subgroup of these individuals who remained free of all cardiovascular risk factors (except for hypertension) over the 15-year follow up. RESULTS: Out of the 5113 CARDIA participants at baseline, 2057 subjects were free of cardiovascular risk factors at baseline and were available for evaluation at year 15. Over the follow-up period, 828 subjects developed hypertension. In multivariate Cox models, each mg/dl increase in serum uric acid was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.45 (1.09–1.91). In the second set of analyses, 753 were free of all cardiovascular risk factors at baseline and remained free of any of the components of the metabolic syndrome except hypertension (n = 122 incident cases of hypertension) were studied. In these analyses each mg/dl increasse in SUA was associated with a risk adjusted hazard ratio of 1.60 (95% CI 1.02–2.49). CONCLUSIONS: Unrelated to the other features of the metabolic syndrome, higher levels of SUA among young people predicts isolated hypertension.

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Is it possible that a cardiac rehabilitation program can reduce the cardiovascular risk in individuals with metabolic syndrome?

Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício ◽

10.33233/rbfex.v20i4.4541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 422-432

Author(s):

Ana Denise Brandão ◽

Keila Larissa Pereira Reis ◽

Nathalia Moraes Ribeiro ◽

Patricia Figueiredo ◽

Daniela Martins de Fausto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Educational Program ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder represented by a set of cardiovascular risk factors usually related to central fat deposition, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. It is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in response to chronic inflammation and vascular endothelial dysfunction, increasing overall mortality. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effect of a cardiac rehabilitation program on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods: This is prospective interventional study. All patients underwent a 20-session cardiac rehabilitation program with aerobic and resisted exercises as well as an educational program for lifestyle changes. Results: Forty-seven patients participated in the present study. After the cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP), a significant reduction (p = 0,0092) for cardiovascular risk and fatigue (p > 0.001) was observed; 78% of the patients had positive effects on physical capacity, 72% of the patients presented HbA1c reduction, 51% increased HDL-cholesterol, 70% reduced total cholesterol, 63% reduced triglycerides, 61% reduced systolic blood pressure and 53% reduced diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Cardiac rehabilitation program with aerobic and resisted exercises associated with educational program for lifestyle changes is an effective approach in the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome mainly seen by a reduced cardiovascular risk factors and reducing fatigue, improved physical capacity and reduced components of metabolic syndrome.

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Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648811 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (01) ◽

pp. 058-064 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Goya Wannamethee ◽

A Gerald Shaper

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

The Other ◽

The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

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Clinical and Biochemical Study of Hypoandrogenic Metabolic Syndrome in the Cardiovascular Risk Content of Male Patients

Materiale Plastice ◽

10.37358/mp.17.1.4804 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 137-140

Author(s):

Ana Minodora Grozdan ◽

Oana Paduraru ◽

Rodica Ghiuru ◽

Costinela Georgescu ◽

Letitia Duceac

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Biochemical Study ◽

Male Hypogonadism ◽

Male Patients

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of hypoandrogenenic to male patients with S.Met., in the context of cardiovascular risk factors. It performed description of a correlation with diagnostic components of S.Met., and specifying an interrelated male hypogonadism with each of the major cardiovascular risk factors.

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Effect of Dietary Education on Cardiovascular risk Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Current Rheumatology Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573397116666200907112338 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Rahil Taheri ◽

Shahram Molavynejad ◽

Parvin Abedi ◽

Elham Rajaei ◽

Mohammad Hosein Haghighizadeh

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Dietary Education

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary education on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: In this randomized clinical trial, 112 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly assigned into two groups, intervention and control. Dietary education was provided for the intervention group in 4 sessions; anthropometric measurements, serum levels of RF, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and fasting blood sugar were measured before and three months after intervention. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and appropriate statistical tests. Results: The mean of total cholesterol (p <0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.004), LDL (p <0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.003), FBS and BMI (p <0.001) were decreased significantly in the intervention group after education compared the control group. Conclusion: Traditional care for rheumatoid arthritis patients is not enough. Patients need more education in order to improve their situation.

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The role of physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi50.4.2010.220-5 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 220

Author(s):

Nadia Dwi Insani ◽

Sukman Tulus Putra ◽

Agus Firmansyah

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

High Activity ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio ◽

Activity Group

Background Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerotic process increases rapidly during adolescence. Physical activity is considered important in this period to modify cardiovascular risk factors, thus preventing disease in the future.Objective To determine whether different physical activity status in adolescence can influence body mass index (BMBMI), waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure (BP), and blood lipid profile.Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted from December 2009 to January 2010. Adolescents who fulfilled the study criteria were classified into high and low physical activity category. Further examination including body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, and blood lipid profile were performed.Results Adolescents with high physical activity had higher, but statistically insignificant, BMBMI compared to adolescents in the P=0.493] and significantly lower waist-to-hip ratio [0.80 (range 0.73-0.9) vs.. 0.82 (range 0.7-0.9), P=0.019]. Difference in BP was not statistically significant between both groups [diastolic BP (70 (range 60-90) mmHg vs. 70 (range 60-90) mmHg, P=0.148; systolic BP 100 (range 90-130) mmHg vs. 100 (range 90-140) mmHg, P=0.228)]. Blood lipid examination in the high activity group showed significantly higher HDL cholesterol and lower triglyceride compared to the low activity group [HDL 59.8 (SD 11.8) mg/dL vs. 54.7 (SD 8.9) mg/dL; p=0.044; triglyceride: 60 (range 32-203) mmHg vs. 82 (range 37-198) mmHg, P=0.014]. Total and LDL cholesterol [total cholesterol 169.8 (SD 28.6) mmHg vs. 181.2 (SD 30.8) mmHg, P=0.107; LDL 103.6 (SD 26.8) mmHg vs. 114.1 (SD 27.3) mmHg, P=0.100] were lower in the high activity group but not statistically different in both groups.Conclusions Adolescents with high physical activity show less cardiovascular risk factors compared to those in the low physical activity group.

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Sex differences in the association between major cardiovascular risk factors in midlife and dementia: a cohort study using data from the UK Biobank

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-021-01980-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Gong ◽

Katie Harris ◽

Sanne A. E. Peters ◽

Mark Woodward

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Sex Difference ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

The Uk

Abstract Background Sex differences in major cardiovascular risk factors for incident (fatal or non-fatal) all-cause dementia were assessed in the UK Biobank. The effects of these risk factors on all-cause dementia were explored by age and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and women-to-men ratio of HRs (RHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), smoking, diabetes, adiposity, stroke, SES and lipids with dementia. Poisson regression was used to estimate the sex-specific incidence rate of dementia for these risk factors. Results 502,226 individuals in midlife (54.4% women, mean age 56.5 years) with no prevalent dementia were included in the analyses. Over 11.8 years (median), 4068 participants (45.9% women) developed dementia. The crude incidence rates were 5.88 [95% CI 5.62–6.16] for women and 8.42 [8.07–8.78] for men, per 10,000 person-years. Sex was associated with the risk of dementia, where the risk was lower in women than men (HR = 0.83 [0.77–0.89]). Current smoking, diabetes, high adiposity, prior stroke and low SES were associated with a greater risk of dementia, similarly in women and men. The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and dementia was U-shaped in men but had a dose-response relationship in women: the HR for SBP per 20 mmHg was 1.08 [1.02–1.13] in women and 0.98 [0.93–1.03] in men. This sex difference was not affected by the use of antihypertensive medication at baseline. The sex difference in the effect of raised BP was consistent for dementia subtypes (vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease). Conclusions Several mid-life cardiovascular risk factors were associated with dementia similarly in women and men, but not raised BP. Future bespoke BP-lowering trials are necessary to understand its role in restricting cognitive decline and to clarify any sex difference.

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Long-term effects (>24 months) of multiple lifestyle intervention on major cardiovascular risk factors among high risk subjects: a meta-analysis

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.253 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

H Bergum ◽

I Sandven ◽

TO Klemsdal

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Small Study ◽

Long Term Effects

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The Norwegian health department Background The evidence of the long-term effects of multiple lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk is uncertain. We aimed to summarize the evidence from randomized clinical trials examining the efficacy of lifestyle intervention on major cardiovascular risk factors in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Methods Eligible trials investigated the impact of lifestyle intervention versus usual care with minimum 24 months follow-up, reporting more than one major cardiovascular risk factor. A literature search updated April 15, 2020 identified 12 eligible studies. The results from individual trials were combined using fixed and random effect models, using the standardized mean difference (SMD) to estimate effect sizes. Small-study effect was evaluated, and heterogeneity between studies examined by subgroup and meta-regression analyses considering patient- and study-level variables. Results Small-study effect was not identified. Lifestyle intervention reduced systolic blood pressure modestly with an estimated SMD of -0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.21 to -0.04, with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 59%), corresponding to a mean difference of approximately 2 mmHg (MD = -1.86, 95% CI: -3.14 to -0.57, p = 0.0046). This effect disappeared in the subgroup of trials judged at low risk of bias (SMD = 0.02, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.11). For the outcome total cholesterol SMD was -0.06, 95% CI: -0.13 to 0.00, with no heterogeneity (I² = 0%), indicating no effect of the intervention. Conclusion Lifestyle intervention resulted in only a modest effect on systolic blood pressure and no effect on total cholesterol after 24 months. Further lifestyle trials should consider the challenge of maintaining larger long-term benefits to ensure impact on cardiovascular outcomes.

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