scholarly journals Estimation as analogy-making: Evidence that preschoolers’ analogical reasoning ability predicts their numerical estimation

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Alvarez ◽  
Monica Abdul-Chani ◽  
Paul Deutchman ◽  
Kayla DiBiasie ◽  
Julia Iannucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Numerical Estimation

scholarly journals Estimation as analogy-making: Evidence that preschoolers’ analogical reasoning ability predicts their numerical estimation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Alvarez ◽  
Monica Abdul-Chani ◽  
Paul Michael Deutchman ◽  
Kayla Dibiasie ◽  
Julia Iannucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Number System ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Approximate Number System ◽  
Numerical Estimation ◽  
Structure Mapping ◽  
Number Words ◽  
Number Systems ◽  
Linguistic Representations

All humans and many animals can represent approximate quantities of perceptual objects nonlinguistically by using the Approximate Number System (Dehaene, 1997/2011). Early in life, children in numerate societies also learn to describe this system using number words. How do linguistic representations of number become related to nonlinguistic representations of number? We hypothesize that the analogical process of structure mapping (Gentner, 1983) helps children to form mappings between the linguistic and nonlinguistic number systems on the basis of structural similarities between the two systems. To test this, we tested and analyzed 47 four-and-five year olds’ performance on estimation and analogy tasks. We found that analogical reasoning ability uniquely predicted several components of estimation performance, even when controlling for other domain-general cognitive skills. This provides strong evidence that analogical processes are uniquely related to the development of early estimation.

scholarly journals PROFIL ANALOGICAL REASONING SISWA SMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyadhotus Sholihah
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Analogous Reasoning

<p>Analogical reasoning is the ability to solve problems by finding similarities between two objects, namely source and target objects. The purpose of this study was to determine the analogical reasoning profile of students at SMA N 16 Semarang. This study is included in a qualitative study with data collection techniques used in surveys by working on analogical reasoning problems. The research subjects were 100 students of class X. The results found in this study were the category of analogical reasoning ability of students of SMA N 16 Semarang low with a frequency of 74 and a percentage of 73.6%. The low ability of analogical reasoning students is influenced by the lack of learning methods that encourage students in problem-solving using analogies, besides analogies have two sides if understood will facilitate students' understanding of concepts, but if it cannot be understood misconceptions occur so teachers rarely use analogous reasoning in explaining material abstract. Therefore it is necessary to have an understanding and experience of the teacher to build this ability by using learning methods that support analogical reasoning abilities.</p>

scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN ANALOGIS SANTRI DALAM GEOMETRI: PENELITIAN KUALITATIF DI SEBUAH PONDOK PESANTREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-396
Author(s):  
Sendi Ramdhani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Pythagorean Theorem ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Pythagoras Theorem ◽  
The Law

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kemampuan penalaran analogis santri dalam geometri dan mengidentifikasi kesulitan dan hambatan mereka. Penulis mendeskripsikan bagaimana kemampuan analogis dalam pemahaman konsep geometri, kemampuan penalaran analogis dalam teorema dan sifat, dan kemampunan penalaran analogis dalam masalah geometri. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari pengembangan bahan ajar geometri untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran analogis santri. Adapun metode penelitiannya menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dalam materi teorema Pythagoras, aturan kosinus, dan teorema garis tinggi segitiga yang melibatkan 80 santri di sebuah Pondok Pesantren di Bandung, Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kemampuan penalaran analogis santri berada di kategori rendah dan cukup. Berdasarkan hasil tes dan wawancara menunjukkan santri kesulitan menuliskan persamaan Pythagoras berdasarkan gambar segitiga siku-siku dalam berbagai konteks, menuliskan persamaan kosinus berdasarkan definisi verbal dan gambar, melukis segitiga siku-siku berdasarkan persamaan Pythagoras, melakukan penalaran analogis antara teorema Pythagoras dan aturan kosinus, dan melakukan penalaran analogis berdasarkan teorema. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini berupa kesulitan-kesulitan dan kelemahan-kelemahan santri dalam kemampuan penalaran analogis yang akan menjadi landasan untuk mengembangan bahan ajar geometri. AbstractThis study aims to investigate the analogical reasoning ability of santri in geometry and identify their difficulties and constraints. The author describes how analogical reasoning in understanding the concepts of geometry, analogical reasoning in theorems and properties, and the use of analogical reasoning in geometry problems. This research is part of the development of geometry teaching materials to improve the analogical reasoning ability of santri. The research method uses qualitative research in the material of Pythagoras theorem, the law of cosine, and triangle altitude theorem that involves 80 santri at a Pondok Pesantren in Bandung, Indonesia. The results of this study found that the santri's analogical reasoning abilities were in the low and sufficient category. Based on the results of the tests and interviews it is difficult for students to write Pythagoras equations based on right triangle images in various contexts, writing cosine equations based on verbal definitions and drawings, painting right triangles based on Pythagoras equations, analogical reasoning between Pythagorean theorem and cosine rules; doing analogical reasoning based on the theorem. The recommendation of this research is the difficulties and weaknesses of santri in analogical reasoning ability that will be the basis for developing geometry teaching materials.

Reasoning Abilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Kyllonen
Keyword(s):  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Abductive Reasoning ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Related Idea ◽  
Cognitive Education

Reasoning ability refers to the power and effectiveness of the processes and strategies used in drawing inferences, reaching conclusions, arriving at solutions, and making decisions based on available evidence. The topic of reasoning abilities is multidisciplinary—it is studied in psychology (differential and cognitive), education, neuroscience, genetics, philosophy, and artificial intelligence. There are several distinct forms of reasoning, implicating different reasoning abilities. Deductive reasoning involves drawing conclusions from a set of given premises in the form of categorical syllogisms (e.g., all x are y) or symbolic logic (e.g., if p then q). Inductive reasoning involves the use of examples to suggest a rule that can be applied to new instances, invoked, for example, when drawing inferences about a rule that explains a series (of numbers, letters, events, etc.). Abductive reasoning involves arriving at the most likely explanation for a set of facts, such as a medical diagnosis to explain a set of symptoms, or a scientific theory to explain a set of empirical findings. Bayesian reasoning involves computing probabilities on conclusions based on prior information. Analogical reasoning involves coming to an understanding of a new entity through how it relates to an already familiar one. The related idea of case-based reasoning involves solving a problem (a new case) by recalling similar problems encountered in the past (past cases or stored cases) and using what worked for those similar problems to help solve the current one. Some of the key findings on reasoning abilities are that (a) they are important in school, the workplace, and life, (b) there is not a single reasoning ability but multiple reasoning abilities, (c) the ability to reason is affected by the content and context of reasoning, (d) it is difficult to accelerate the development of reasoning ability, and (e) reasoning ability is limited by working memory capacity, and sometimes by heuristics and strategies that are often useful but that can occasionally lead to distorted reasoning. Several topics related to reasoning abilities appear under different headings, such as problem solving, judgment and decision-making, and critical thinking. Increased attention is being paid to reasoning about emotions and reasoning speed. Reasoning ability is and will remain an important topic in education.

scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIK SISWA MTs

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Mochamad Try Suharto ◽  
Siti Chotimah
Keyword(s):  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Analytical Reasoning ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Written Test ◽  
Research Students

The reasoning is the ability to find a way to get the truth. In terminology, logic is the science that governs the process of human thinking so that the results presented can reach the truth. So it can be concluded also that by reasoning, humans can make an argument that is absolute and can be accepted by others through logical thinking. This research was conducted to determine the mathematical reasoning ability of MTs class 8 students on Triangle and Quadrilateral material based on indicators of mathematical reasoning ability that is to draw a logical conclusion and compose an argument, analogical reasoning, transductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, generalization and estimate answers, solutions or tendency with non-routine troubleshooting. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data to be analyzed is qualitative data in the form of written and oral answers obtained from the written test. This research was conducted in MTs PPI 38 Padalarang with the subject of this research is class VIII-A which amounted to 31 people. Based on the results of research, students' mathematical reasoning abilities on MTs PPI 38 Padalarang are classified as sufficient. This is because there are some reasoning indicators that still need to be improved especially on analytical reasoning and generalization indicator as stated in the table which has been described.

Raven Progressive Matrices Avoidable Errors as a Measure of Psychopathological Ideational Influences upon Reasoning Ability

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fracchia ◽  
Diane Fiorentino ◽  
Charles Sheppard ◽  
Sidney Merlis
Keyword(s):  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Error Measures ◽  
Complex Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Errors ◽  
Mmpi Profile ◽  
Potential Level ◽  
Clinical Populations

The Raven Progressive Matrices protocols of 88 narcotic addicts, divided into four MMPI profile pattern groups, were scored for avoidable errors. Ss having psychotic-like profiles (428′ and 987′) made significantly more avoidable reasoning errors than Ss with sociopathic patterns (42′ and 49′). These data were interpreted as evidence of the sensitivity of avoidable error measures to disturbances in consistency and accuracy of comparative and analogical reasoning performance. It was suggested that avoidable error indices might be used to (a) judge the effects of pathological ideation upon complex reasoning, (b) estimate potential level of intellectual functioning in clinical populations, and (c) serve as a criterion for treatment efficacies.

Analogical reasoning in schizophrenic delusions

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Simpson ◽  
D. John Done
Keyword(s):  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Reasoning Task ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Reasoning Tasks ◽  
Cognitive Problems

AbstractPurposeReasoning ability has often been argued to be impaired in people with schizophrenic delusions, although evidence for this is far from convincing. This experiment examined the analogical reasoning abilities of several groups of patients, including non-deluded and deluded schizophrenics, to test the hypothesis that performance by the deluded schizophrenic group would be impaired.Subjects/materialsEleven deluded schizophrenics, 10 depressed subjects, seven non-deluded schizophrenics and 16 matched non-psychiatric controls, who were matched on a number of key variables, were asked to solve an analogical reasoning task.ResultsPerformance by the deluded schizophrenic group was certainly impaired when compared with the depressed and non-psychiatric control groups though less convincingly so when compared with the non-deluded schizophrenic group. The impairment shown by the deluded schizophrenic group seemed to occur at the initial stage of the reasoning task.DiscussionThe particular type of impairment shown by the deluded subjects was assessed in relation to other cognitive problems already researched and the implications of these problems on reasoning tasks and theories of delusions was discussed.

scholarly journals Supervised Group Training of Analogical Reasoning in Children with Cochlear Implants: No Transfer Effects.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Socher ◽  
Malin Wass ◽  
Rachel Ellis ◽  
Björn Lyxell
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Language Delays ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Transfer Effects

Analogical reasoning has been argued to be of importance for language development. Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children with cochlear implants (CI) are at risk of having language delays. The aim of the current study was therefore to investigate if the analogical reasoning and language ability of children with CI can be improved by means of cognitive training. Based on previous research the children trained, with supervision, in groups to increase the metacognitive aspect of the training. The results do not indicate any general effects of the training on the analogical reasoning ability of the children included in the current study. Furthermore, no evidence for a paradigmatic transfer of the training, resulting in improvements of language development, was found.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document