scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN ANALOGIS SANTRI DALAM GEOMETRI: PENELITIAN KUALITATIF DI SEBUAH PONDOK PESANTREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-396
Author(s):  
Sendi Ramdhani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Pythagorean Theorem ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Pythagoras Theorem ◽  
The Law

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kemampuan penalaran analogis santri dalam geometri dan mengidentifikasi kesulitan dan hambatan mereka. Penulis mendeskripsikan bagaimana kemampuan analogis dalam pemahaman konsep geometri, kemampuan penalaran analogis dalam teorema dan sifat, dan kemampunan penalaran analogis dalam masalah geometri. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari pengembangan bahan ajar geometri untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran analogis santri. Adapun metode penelitiannya menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dalam materi teorema Pythagoras, aturan kosinus, dan teorema garis tinggi segitiga yang melibatkan 80 santri di sebuah Pondok Pesantren di Bandung, Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kemampuan penalaran analogis santri berada di kategori rendah dan cukup. Berdasarkan hasil tes dan wawancara menunjukkan santri kesulitan menuliskan persamaan Pythagoras berdasarkan gambar segitiga siku-siku dalam berbagai konteks, menuliskan persamaan kosinus berdasarkan definisi verbal dan gambar, melukis segitiga siku-siku berdasarkan persamaan Pythagoras, melakukan penalaran analogis antara teorema Pythagoras dan aturan kosinus, dan melakukan penalaran analogis berdasarkan teorema. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini berupa kesulitan-kesulitan dan kelemahan-kelemahan santri dalam kemampuan penalaran analogis yang akan menjadi landasan untuk mengembangan bahan ajar geometri. AbstractThis study aims to investigate the analogical reasoning ability of santri in geometry and identify their difficulties and constraints. The author describes how analogical reasoning in understanding the concepts of geometry, analogical reasoning in theorems and properties, and the use of analogical reasoning in geometry problems. This research is part of the development of geometry teaching materials to improve the analogical reasoning ability of santri. The research method uses qualitative research in the material of Pythagoras theorem, the law of cosine, and triangle altitude theorem that involves 80 santri at a Pondok Pesantren in Bandung, Indonesia. The results of this study found that the santri's analogical reasoning abilities were in the low and sufficient category. Based on the results of the tests and interviews it is difficult for students to write Pythagoras equations based on right triangle images in various contexts, writing cosine equations based on verbal definitions and drawings, painting right triangles based on Pythagoras equations, analogical reasoning between Pythagorean theorem and cosine rules; doing analogical reasoning based on the theorem. The recommendation of this research is the difficulties and weaknesses of santri in analogical reasoning ability that will be the basis for developing geometry teaching materials.

Seni Dalam Persfektif Hadist (Kajian Ma`ani Persfektif Muhammadiyah)

Bayani ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Art And Design ◽  
Art Program ◽  
Design Program ◽  
The Law ◽  
The University

The law of art in Islam is hotly told on social media, Calls for the illegality of art echo on social media. Muhammadiyah began to pursue art by opening an art and design program at the muhammadiyah university, including at the University of Muhammadiyah Bandung. This is interesting to study, to find out the purpose of Muhammadiyah in opening an art program when the call for illegal art to go viral on social media. The purpose of this study is to find out the principles and laws of art in Muhammadiyah. This research method uses qualitative research by examining hadith about art. The hadith approach used is the science of riwayah hadith and the science of ma'ani hadith. In conclusion, there is a hadith that forbids images and statues, there is a hadith that allows making dolls for toys, draw clothes, and draw lifeless creatures. The law of art in Muhammadiyah is allowed if it is closer to monotheism and benefit. the law of art is forbidden if it leads to polytheism.

scholarly journals PROFIL ANALOGICAL REASONING SISWA SMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyadhotus Sholihah
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Analogous Reasoning

<p>Analogical reasoning is the ability to solve problems by finding similarities between two objects, namely source and target objects. The purpose of this study was to determine the analogical reasoning profile of students at SMA N 16 Semarang. This study is included in a qualitative study with data collection techniques used in surveys by working on analogical reasoning problems. The research subjects were 100 students of class X. The results found in this study were the category of analogical reasoning ability of students of SMA N 16 Semarang low with a frequency of 74 and a percentage of 73.6%. The low ability of analogical reasoning students is influenced by the lack of learning methods that encourage students in problem-solving using analogies, besides analogies have two sides if understood will facilitate students' understanding of concepts, but if it cannot be understood misconceptions occur so teachers rarely use analogous reasoning in explaining material abstract. Therefore it is necessary to have an understanding and experience of the teacher to build this ability by using learning methods that support analogical reasoning abilities.</p>

scholarly journals Development of Mathematics Teaching Materials Based on the Realistic Mathematics Approach (PMR) to Improve the Mathematical Reasoning and Representation Ability of Class VII Students of SMP Muhammadiyah 47 Medan Sunggal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-264
Author(s):  
Ibnu Raash Aleslami ◽  
Ani Minarni ◽  
KMS. M. Amin Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Ability Tests

This study aims to analyze the validity and effectiveness of teaching materials developed based on a realistic mathematical approach in improving students 'mathematical reasoning and representation abilities, to analyze the increase in students' reasoning skills and mathematical representation abilities taught using teaching materials based on realistic mathematical approaches. The data were obtained through the validation sheet of teaching materials, observation sheets, student response questionnaires, mathematical reasoning ability test instruments and mathematical representation ability tests. This study uses a 4-D development model Thiagarajan, Semmel and Semmel by developing teaching materials with a realistic mathematical approach. Based on the results of the validation, the total average value of the RPP validity was 4.81, the student books were 4.83 and the LKPD was 4.85, the students' mathematical reasoning ability tests and the mathematical representation ability tests were in the valid category. Classical mastery of learning reaches 90.62% which has met the completeness criteria, namely ≥85% of students have reached the KKM. The increase in students' mathematical reasoning abilities using teaching materials based on a realistic mathematical approach on fraction material seen from N-Gain in the first trial and second trial has increased from 0.36 to 0.50 meaning that it is in the medium category. As well as an increase in the ability of students' mathematical representation using teaching materials based on a realistic mathematical approach on fraction material seen from N-Gain in the first trial and second trial, it increased from 0.43 to 0.50, meaning that it was in the medium category.

scholarly journals Deskripsi Kemampuan Penalaran Analogi Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Gumelar Ditinjau Dari Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Surya Anding Permadi
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Analytical Reasoning ◽  
Class Viii

This study aims to describe the analytical reasoning ability of Grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Gumelar in terms of gender. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method. The subjects in this study were students of class VIII D of SMP Negeri 2 Gumelar, totaling 28 students consisting of 15 male students and 13 female students. Sampling was done using purposive sampling technique. In one class, 3 male and 3 female students were selected who had good communication and relatively similar mathematical abilities. Data collection in this study used tests, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used include data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The validation test used is technical triangulation. The results showed that male students had better analytical reasoning abilities compared to female students. Male students have mastered the four components of analogy reasoning ability encompassing Encoding, Inferring, Mapping and Applying. Meanwhile, female students only mastered the three components of analogy reasoning ability namely Inferring, Mapping and Applying

Reasoning Abilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Kyllonen
Keyword(s):  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Abductive Reasoning ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Related Idea ◽  
Cognitive Education

Reasoning ability refers to the power and effectiveness of the processes and strategies used in drawing inferences, reaching conclusions, arriving at solutions, and making decisions based on available evidence. The topic of reasoning abilities is multidisciplinary—it is studied in psychology (differential and cognitive), education, neuroscience, genetics, philosophy, and artificial intelligence. There are several distinct forms of reasoning, implicating different reasoning abilities. Deductive reasoning involves drawing conclusions from a set of given premises in the form of categorical syllogisms (e.g., all x are y) or symbolic logic (e.g., if p then q). Inductive reasoning involves the use of examples to suggest a rule that can be applied to new instances, invoked, for example, when drawing inferences about a rule that explains a series (of numbers, letters, events, etc.). Abductive reasoning involves arriving at the most likely explanation for a set of facts, such as a medical diagnosis to explain a set of symptoms, or a scientific theory to explain a set of empirical findings. Bayesian reasoning involves computing probabilities on conclusions based on prior information. Analogical reasoning involves coming to an understanding of a new entity through how it relates to an already familiar one. The related idea of case-based reasoning involves solving a problem (a new case) by recalling similar problems encountered in the past (past cases or stored cases) and using what worked for those similar problems to help solve the current one. Some of the key findings on reasoning abilities are that (a) they are important in school, the workplace, and life, (b) there is not a single reasoning ability but multiple reasoning abilities, (c) the ability to reason is affected by the content and context of reasoning, (d) it is difficult to accelerate the development of reasoning ability, and (e) reasoning ability is limited by working memory capacity, and sometimes by heuristics and strategies that are often useful but that can occasionally lead to distorted reasoning. Several topics related to reasoning abilities appear under different headings, such as problem solving, judgment and decision-making, and critical thinking. Increased attention is being paid to reasoning about emotions and reasoning speed. Reasoning ability is and will remain an important topic in education.

scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIK SISWA MTs

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Mochamad Try Suharto ◽  
Siti Chotimah
Keyword(s):  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Analytical Reasoning ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Written Test ◽  
Research Students

The reasoning is the ability to find a way to get the truth. In terminology, logic is the science that governs the process of human thinking so that the results presented can reach the truth. So it can be concluded also that by reasoning, humans can make an argument that is absolute and can be accepted by others through logical thinking. This research was conducted to determine the mathematical reasoning ability of MTs class 8 students on Triangle and Quadrilateral material based on indicators of mathematical reasoning ability that is to draw a logical conclusion and compose an argument, analogical reasoning, transductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, generalization and estimate answers, solutions or tendency with non-routine troubleshooting. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data to be analyzed is qualitative data in the form of written and oral answers obtained from the written test. This research was conducted in MTs PPI 38 Padalarang with the subject of this research is class VIII-A which amounted to 31 people. Based on the results of research, students' mathematical reasoning abilities on MTs PPI 38 Padalarang are classified as sufficient. This is because there are some reasoning indicators that still need to be improved especially on analytical reasoning and generalization indicator as stated in the table which has been described.

scholarly journals Policy Evaluation Total Quality Management (TQM) School Applying International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the City of Samarinda

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Azainil Azainil ◽  
Nurul Ulfa Apriliani ◽  
Suandie Suandie
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Student Achievement ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Qualitative Research Method

<span class="ShortAbstract"><em><span>This policy evaluation research to find out the need, implementation and achievement result of TQM in Vocational High School applying ISO.This research is a policy evaluation research, with qualitative research method. Qualitative research method is a research method used to determine natural condition (naturalistic), where the researchers are as a key instrument, data technique in triangulation. Data analysis with inductive and more.This policy evaluation study examines the TQM policy documents required for schools implementing the ISO. The evaluation model uses the Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) model developed by Stuffebeam. Component Criteria. From the vision statement. The input components of the curriculum, financing, facilities and infrastructure, educators and educators as well as students, curriculum preparation process components, teaching materials, teaching and learning process and assessment, while product / output components of student satisfaction, student achievement and school performance implements TQM ISO.Research result. TQM ISO-based schools need to be implemented, both schools have the formulation of vision, mission, goals and restra. The input components of all schools have implemented the 2013 curriculum, discipline, sufficient facilities and infrastructure, educators and educators are in accordance with standards and there are standards of acceptance. The process component shows all teachers have been preparing syllabus, lesson plan and teaching materials, and teaching and learning process and assessment according to the standard. Existing Product / Outputs. Students, student achievement and achievement in applying ISO 9001-2008 well.Suggestions of these results are (1) improvements from the TQM ISO understanding for all stakeholders, (2) need also from the same language, and (3) improve the ISO-based TQM with commitment improvement, paradigm shift, mental attitude and organizing the guarantee system quality.</span></em></span>

scholarly journals Model Komunikasi Pemeriksaan Dalam Sidang Agenda Pembuktian Perkara di Pengadilan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Aan Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

An examination of the case is conducted to reveal evidence and information that the defendant is considered to have committed a criminal offense that caused the victim to loss, and that the victim is the party who was harmed by the defendant. Case examination through communication activities in the case examination agenda session as examination communication. This article aims to find a model of examination communication in the agenda of proving a case in court. The concept in this research is Examination Communication and Communication Ethnography.  The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. Researchers interviewed 15 informants, observed 3 criminal cases, and documented the research. The results of this study indicate that the audit communication activities at the Court take place in the courtroom. The case evidence agenda forms three models of examination communication based on communication participants, namely (1) the law enforcement communication model with the defendant, namely the communication activities of judges, prosecutors, and legal advisers with the defendant (2) law enforcer communication model with victims, namely communication activities of judges , legal advisers, public prosecutors with victims (3) the model of communication between law enforcers and witnesses, namely the communication activities of judges, legal advisers, prosecutors with defendants. In practice, communication activities for the examination of defendants, victims and witnesses can be carried out simultaneously, which is called the cross examination communication model. The cross-examination communication model is carried out to verify and confirm evidence, the information provided by the accused, witnesses and victims simultaneously.  Pemeriksaan perkara dilakukan untuk mengungkap bukti dan informasi bahwa terdakwadianggap melakukan tindak pidana yang merugikan korban, dan bahwa korban adalah pihak yang dirugikan oleh terdakwa. Pemeriksaan perkara melalui kegiatan komunikasi dalam sidang agenda pemeriksaan perkara sebagai komunikasi pemeriksaan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menemukan model komunikasi pemeriksaan dalam agenda pembuktian perkara di Pengadilan. Konsep dalam penelitian ini adalah Komunikasi Pemeriksaan dan Etnografi Komunikasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Peneliti mewawancarai 15 informan, mengamati 3 kasus pidana, dan mendokumentasikan penelitian tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan komunikasi pemeriksaan di pengadilan berlangsung di ruang sidang persidangan. Agenda pembuktian perkara membentuk tiga model komunikasi pemeriksaan berdasarkan peserta komunikasi, yaitu (1) model komunikasi penegak hukum dengan terdakwa, yaitu kegiatan komunikasi para hakim, jaksa, dan penasihat hukum dengan terdakwa (2) model komunikasi penegak hukum dengan korban, yakni kegiatan komunikasi hakim, penasihat hukum, penuntut umum dengan korban (3) model komunikasi antara penegak hukum dan saksi yakni kegiatan komunikasi hakim, penasihat hukum, jaksa, dengan terdakwa. Dalam praktiknya, kegiatan komunikasi pemeriksaan terdakwa, korban, dan saksi dapat dilakukan secara bersamaan, yang disebut model komunikasi pemeriksaan silang. Model komunikasi pemeriksaan silang dilakukan untuk memverifikasi dan mengkonfirmasi bukti, informasi yang diberikan oleh terdakwa, saksi dan korban secara bersamaan. 

KEBIJAKAN PIDANA DALAM PELANGGARAN HAK CIPTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoyo Arifardhani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Copyright Infringement ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
The Law

AbstractThe legal relationship between the creator / owner of rights Associated with copyright infringers is essentially a "private to private" relationship (privaaatrechtelijk). However, in Law Number 28 Year 2014 concerning Copyrights, criminal sanctions for copyright infringement are regulated, because certain matters constitute a highly despicable act in which other mechanisms other than criminal are deemed ineffective. This research uses a qualitative research method with a literature approach and a statute approach. The results of the study stated that the application of criminal sanctions by the drafters of the law was placed as ultimum remidium because basically the victims of copyright infringement preferred to restore rights in the form of civil damages.Keywords: Criminal Law, Violation, Copyright AbstrakHubungan hukum antara Pencipta/pemilik Hak Terkait dengan pelanggar hak cipta pada hakikatnya adalah hubungan “privat to privat” (privaaatrechtelijk). Namun, dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta diatur sanksi pidana terhadap pelanggaran hak cipta, karena untuk hal-hal tertentu merupakan perbuatan yang sangat tercela dimana mekanisme lain selain pidana dianggap tidak efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur (literature approach) dan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa penerapan sanksi pidana oleh penyusun undang-undang ditempatkan sebagai ultimum remidium karena pada dasarnya pihak korban pelanggaran hak cipta lebih memilih pemulihan hak dalam bentuk ganti rugi perdata.Kata Kunci: Hukum Pidana, Pelanggaran, Hak cipta

Analogical reasoning in schizophrenic delusions

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Simpson ◽  
D. John Done
Keyword(s):  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Reasoning Task ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Reasoning Tasks ◽  
Cognitive Problems

AbstractPurposeReasoning ability has often been argued to be impaired in people with schizophrenic delusions, although evidence for this is far from convincing. This experiment examined the analogical reasoning abilities of several groups of patients, including non-deluded and deluded schizophrenics, to test the hypothesis that performance by the deluded schizophrenic group would be impaired.Subjects/materialsEleven deluded schizophrenics, 10 depressed subjects, seven non-deluded schizophrenics and 16 matched non-psychiatric controls, who were matched on a number of key variables, were asked to solve an analogical reasoning task.ResultsPerformance by the deluded schizophrenic group was certainly impaired when compared with the depressed and non-psychiatric control groups though less convincingly so when compared with the non-deluded schizophrenic group. The impairment shown by the deluded schizophrenic group seemed to occur at the initial stage of the reasoning task.DiscussionThe particular type of impairment shown by the deluded subjects was assessed in relation to other cognitive problems already researched and the implications of these problems on reasoning tasks and theories of delusions was discussed.

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