Voluntary decision-making in addiction: A comprehensive review of existing measurement tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 103115
Author(s):  
Claudia Barned ◽  
Marianne Rochette ◽  
Eric Racine
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Measurement Tools

Review Summary Generation in Online Systems: Frameworks for Supervised and Unsupervised Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Wenjun Jiang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Xiaofei Ding ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Jiawei He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Text Summarization ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Product Review ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Online Systems ◽  
Real World Datasets ◽  
Different Characteristics

In online systems, including e-commerce platforms, many users resort to the reviews or comments generated by previous consumers for decision making, while their time is limited to deal with many reviews. Therefore, a review summary, which contains all important features in user-generated reviews, is expected. In this article, we study “how to generate a comprehensive review summary from a large number of user-generated reviews.” This can be implemented by text summarization, which mainly has two types of extractive and abstractive approaches. Both of these approaches can deal with both supervised and unsupervised scenarios, but the former may generate redundant and incoherent summaries, while the latter can avoid redundancy but usually can only deal with short sequences. Moreover, both approaches may neglect the sentiment information. To address the above issues, we propose comprehensive Review Summary Generation frameworks to deal with the supervised and unsupervised scenarios. We design two different preprocess models of re-ranking and selecting to identify the important sentences while keeping users’ sentiment in the original reviews. These sentences can be further used to generate review summaries with text summarization methods. Experimental results in seven real-world datasets (Idebate, Rotten Tomatoes Amazon, Yelp, and three unlabelled product review datasets in Amazon) demonstrate that our work performs well in review summary generation. Moreover, the re-ranking and selecting models show different characteristics.

scholarly journals The intertwining of vocational aptitude and interest: A study among university students in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufi Fatuhrahmah ◽  
Dian Fithriwati Darusmin ◽  
Herlina Siwi Widiana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Career Decisions ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Directed Search ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
Vocational Interest ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Measurement Tools

Vocational aptitude and interest are the fundamental factors that education and career counselors utilize to provide suggestions to clients. These concepts are often considered as separate constructs. However, aptitude and interest are interrelated and should both be considered when making career decisions. This study involved as many as 343 university students as participants. Two measurement tools were used: Employee Aptitude Survey (EAS) to measure aptitude and Self-Directed Search (SDS) Holland to measure vocational interest. The data were analyzed using canonical and Pearson product-moment correlation analysis. The findings show that there is a correlation between several types of interest and several types of aptitude. Vocational interest that has the strongest correlation with aptitude was the investigative interest, while the numerical aptitude test has the strongest correlation with interest. In the process of career decision-making, particularly for university students, both aptitude and interest must be taken into consideration, especially the investigative interest and numerical aptitude.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review of plus-minus ratings for evaluating individual players in team sports

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Magnus Hvattum
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Sports Analytics ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Open Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Individual Player ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Many

AbstractThe increasing availability of data from sports events has led to many new directions of research, and sports analytics can play a role in making better decisions both within a club and at the level of an individual player. The ability to objectively evaluate individual players in team sports is one aspect that may enable better decision making, but such evaluations are not straightforward to obtain. One class of ratings for individual players in team sports, known as plus-minus ratings, attempt to distribute credit for the performance of a team onto the players of that team. Such ratings have a long history, going back at least to the 1950s, but in recent years research on advanced versions of plus-minus ratings has increased noticeably. This paper presents a comprehensive review of contributions to plus-minus ratings in later years, pointing out some key developments and showing the richness of the mathematical models developed. One conclusion is that the literature on plus-minus ratings is quite fragmented, but that awareness of past contributions to the field should allow researchers to focus on some of the many open research questions related to the evaluation of individual players in team sports.

The Bush Administration’s Decision to Surge in Iraq

The Last Card ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 328-343
Author(s):  
Richard H. Immerman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
New Media ◽  
National Security ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Eisenhower Administration ◽  
Military Leadership ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Comprehensive Review

This chapter argues—using the Eisenhower administration as a model of peacetime national security decision making—that the surge decision-making process displayed by the oral histories was idiosyncratic, excessively compartmentalized, and profoundly flawed. No president since Dwight D. Eisenhower has fully adopted his model, and each has tailored procedures appropriate for his needs. The Bush process had to take into account his lack of expertise in military affairs, an increasingly polarized political climate, the legacy of the Vietnam War, the proliferation of leaks of sensitive information in the new media age, the resistance of the uniformed military leadership, and most important, Rumsfeld. Administration insiders argue that for these reasons Bush jettisoned fundamental tenets of Eisenhower's system in an effort to make a virtue out of necessity. Yet the evidence suggests that Eisenhower's best practices are just that—best practices. It further suggests that their rigorous application would have benefited Bush's process by expediting the instigation of a comprehensive review, co-opting opponents of a change in strategy, mitigating politicization, facilitating the exchange of information and advice, and accelerating implementation.

Ethics and Social Networking

2019 ◽  
pp. 1893-1923
Author(s):  
Ludwig Christian Schaupp ◽  
Lemuria Carter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Ethical Implications

Thanks to recent technological advancements, social networking has seen unprecedented growth. Services such as Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn have evolved from niche communities to active cyber-societies. In addition to an increase in the diffusion of social media, there has also been an increase in the amount and type of information that participants share in these online environments. In this paper, the authors integrate decision making research from three disciplines -marketing, theology and information systems - to explain information disclosure in online communities. They use these disciplines to provide a comprehensive review of existing literature and present innovative recommendations for research and practice. In particular, the authors recommend Potter's Box as a useful framework for evaluating the ethical implications of online information disclosure.

Barriers to Knowledge Sharing

2010 ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith L. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
Organizational Routines ◽  
Organizational Decision Making ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Fundamental Reason

Barriers to knowledge sharing continue to thwart organizational efforts to identify knowledge, manage its flow, and effectively integrate its use in organizational decision making. These critical organizational tasks transcend departmental boundaries and, taken in whole, could be considered to comprise the fundamental reason for the existence of the organization. Improving the efficiency of knowledge sharing is a highly desirable goal because it offers a promise of compounded returns as the organization works harder and smarter. Knowledge workers have developed a variety of mechanisms and routines to share knowledge, but these are all subject to one or more barriers to knowledge sharing. As knowledge researchers continue to work toward a better understanding of the knowledge sharing process, the fundamental characteristics of the knowledge sharing transaction remains consistent, but the barriers may be transient. This article provides a comprehensive review of the barriers to knowledge sharing that have been identified in the literature and examines the ways that personal barriers have changed since the first edition of The Encyclopedia of Knowledge Management was published. If the barriers to knowledge sharing are indeed found to be transient, then managers may be empowered to develop a set of tools that could be used to lessen the effect of multiple barriers, which could lead to much more efficient organizational routines. In this article, the process of knowledge sharing is examined by framing the knowledge sharing transaction as a form of communication in order to identify and isolate the barriers to that type of communication. Once the barriers are isolated, they can be overcome.

Linguistic Analysis of Clinical Communications

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esa Rantanen ◽  
Cecilia Ovesdotter Alm ◽  
Tracy Worrell ◽  
Nancy Valentage ◽  
Nick Iuliucci
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Decision Making Under Uncertainty ◽  
Clinical Consultation ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Patterns Of Communication ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Patient Consultation

This project took a unique perspective on the investigation of decision making in healthcare by examining clinician-patient consultation using methods from linguistics and communication. Our goal was to identify cognitive and behavioral patterns in interactions of clinicians-in-trainings with patients that correspond to decision making processes in time constrained situations. Objective measures of clinician-patient communications in both naturalistic and simulated settings is a promising way to examine clinician decision making under uncertainty and time pressure, and to identify specific errors in decision making that may lead to misdiagnoses. We sought to detect distinguishable patterns of communication adopted by clinicians-in-training in clinical consultation settings under time pressure. A pilot study reported in this paper provides objective measurement tools to study miscommunication within clinician-patient consultations and may positively influence the treatments and services offered within patient consultations.

scholarly journals P140: Emergency department decision-making for incapacitated and unrepresented patients: a comprehensive review of the literature

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S124-S125
Author(s):  
J.L. Willinsky ◽  
I. Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Medical Decision Making ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Patient Cohort ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Introduction: Incapacitated patients who lack substitute decision-makers (SDM) are commonly encountered in the emergency department (ED). The number of these patients will rise dramatically as the Baby Boomers age. We can expect an influx of elderly patients who lack decisional capacity due to dementia and other illnesses, and who present without family. It is estimated that 3 to 4 percent of U.S. nursing home residents have no SDM or advance directives. Medical decision-making for this cohort poses an ethical challenge, particularly in the ED setting. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted surrounding decision-making for incapacitated and unrepresented patients in the hospital setting. Articles were identified using MEDLINE (1946-October 2015) and Embase (1974-October 2015). The reference lists of relevant articles were hand searched. Articles describing decision-making processes that have been proposed, tested or applied in practice were chosen for full review. The aim of this review was to outline recognized medical decision-making processes for incapacitated and unrepresented patients, and to identify areas for future research. Results: The search yielded 20 articles addressing decision-making for incapacitated and unrepresented patients in the hospital setting. All of these articles focus on the intensive care unit and other hospital wards; no literature on the ED setting was found. Five types of formal consulting bodies exist to assist physicians in applying the best interest standard for this patient cohort: internal hospital ethics committees, external ethics committees, public guardians, court-appointed guardians, or judges. The majority of decisions for these patients, however, are made informally by a single physician or by a healthcare team, although it is well recognized that this approach lacks appropriate safeguards. There is no consensus surrounding the optimal approach to decision-making in these cases, and as such there is significant inconsistency in how medical decisions are made for these patients. Conclusion: There are several articles describing decision-making processes for incapacitated and unrepresented patients, none of which focus on the ED. These processes are not practical for use in the ED. Further inquiry is needed into the most ethical and respectful method of decision-making for this patient cohort in the ED.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Comprehensive Review of Their Safety and Efficacy in Special Populations

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Yan ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Ching-Lung Lai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Special Populations ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
Immunocompromised State ◽  
To Receive

COVID-19 has been spreading worldwide since late 2019. There is no definitive cure to date. Global vaccination programs are urgently required to confer herd immunity, reducing the incidence of COVID-19 infections and associated morbidity and mortality. However, a significant proportion of special populations are hesitant to receive vaccination due to their special conditions, namely, age (pediatrics and geriatrics), immunocompromised state, autoimmune diseases, chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions, active or treated cancers, and pregnancy. This review aims to evaluate the existing evidence of COVID-19 vaccinations on these special populations and to provide clues to guide vaccination decision making to balance the benefits and risks of vaccinations.

scholarly journals Improving scientific impact: how to practice science that influences environmental policy and management

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Robert Brewster Fisher ◽  
Stephen Wood ◽  
Mark A. Bradford ◽  
T. Rodd Kelsey
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Scientific Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Scientists devote substantial time and resources to research intended to help solve environmental problems. Environmental managers and policymakers must decide how to use the best available research evidence to prioritize actions leading to desired environmental outcomes. Yet decision-makers can face barriers to using scientific evidence to inform action. They may be unaware of the evidence, lack access to it, not understand it, or view it as irrelevant. These barriers mean a valuable resource (evidence) is underused. We outline a set of practical steps for scientists who want to improve the impact their research has on decision-making,: (1) Identify and understand the audience; (2) Clarify the need for evidence; (3) Gather "just enough" evidence; and (4) Share and discuss the evidence. These are guidelines, not a strict recipe for success. But we believe that regularly following these recommendations should increase the chance of scientific evidence being considered and used in environmental decision-making. Our goal is for this paper to be accessible to anyone, rather than a comprehensive review of the topic.

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