Impact of duct flow resistance on residential heating and cooling energy use in systems with PSC and ECM blowers

Most of the energy used by buildings goes into heating and cooling. For small buildings, such as houses, heat transfer by conduction through the sides is as much as, if not greater than, the heat transfer from air exchanges with the outside. For large buildings, such as offices and factories, the greater volume-to-surface ratio means that air exchanges are more significant. Lights, people and equipment can make significant contributions. Since the energy used depends on the difference in temperature between the inside and the outside, local climate is the most important factor that determines energy use. If heating is required, it is usually more efficient to use a heat pump than to directly burn a fossil fuel. Using diffuse daylight is always more energy efficient than lighting up a room with artificial lights, although this will set a limit on the size of buildings.

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Review of Intelligent Control Systems for Natural Ventilation as Passive Cooling Strategy for UK Buildings and Similar Climatic Conditions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14154388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4388

Author(s):

Esmail Mahmoudi Saber ◽

Issa Chaer ◽

Aaron Gillich ◽

Bukola Grace Ekpeti

Keyword(s):

Control Systems ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Energy Use ◽

Integrated Control ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Effective Control ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Optimal Output ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Building Cooling

Natural ventilation is gaining more attention from architects and engineers as an alternative way of cooling and ventilating indoor spaces. Based on building types, it could save between 13 and 40% of the building cooling energy use. However, this needs to be implemented and operated with a well-designed and integrated control system to avoid triggering discomfort for occupants. This paper seeks to review, discuss, and contribute to existing knowledge on the application of control systems and optimisation theories of naturally ventilated buildings to produce the best performance. The study finally presents an outstanding theoretical context and practical implementation for researchers seeking to explore the use of intelligent controls for optimal output in the pursuit to help solve intricate control problems in the building industry and suggests advanced control systems such as fuzzy logic control as an effective control strategy for an integrated control of ventilation, heating and cooling systems.

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Towards Sustainable Energy Retrofitting, a Simulation for Potential Energy Use Reduction in Residential Buildings in Palestine

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14133876 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3876

Author(s):

Sameh Monna ◽

Adel Juaidi ◽

Ramez Abdallah ◽

Aiman Albatayneh ◽

Patrick Dutournie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Residential Building ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Water Heating ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Space Cooling ◽

Cooling Loads

Since buildings are one of the major contributors to global warming, efforts should be intensified to make them more energy-efficient, particularly existing buildings. This research intends to analyze the energy savings from a suggested retrofitting program using energy simulation for typical existing residential buildings. For the assessment of the energy retrofitting program using computer simulation, the most commonly utilized residential building types were selected. The energy consumption of those selected residential buildings was assessed, and a baseline for evaluating energy retrofitting was established. Three levels of retrofitting programs were implemented. These levels were ordered by cost, with the first level being the least costly and the third level is the most expensive. The simulation models were created for two different types of buildings in three different climatic zones in Palestine. The findings suggest that water heating, space heating, space cooling, and electric lighting are the highest energy consumers in ordinary houses. Level one measures resulted in a 19–24 percent decrease in energy consumption due to reduced heating and cooling loads. The use of a combination of levels one and two resulted in a decrease of energy consumption for heating, cooling, and lighting by 50–57%. The use of the three levels resulted in a decrease of 71–80% in total energy usage for heating, cooling, lighting, water heating, and air conditioning.

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The Internet of Things: Making Cities — AndThe Way They Use Technology — Smarter

Cross Americas: Probing Disglobal Networks- Papers ◽

10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.49 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Wendy W. Fok ◽

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Energy Use ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Traffic Monitoring ◽

Urban Life ◽

The Internet ◽

Time Data ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

The Internet Of Things

Minerva Tantoco was named New York City’s first chief technology officer last year, charged with developing a coordinated citywide strategy on technology and innovation. We’re likely to see more of that as cities around the country, and around the world, consider how best to use innovation and technology to operate as “smart cities.”The work has major implications for energy use and sustainability, as cities take advantage of available, real-time data – from ‘smart’ phones, computers, traffic monitoring, and even weather patterns — to shift the way in which heating and cooling systems, landscaping, flow of people through cities, and other pieces of urban life are controlled. But harnessing Open Innovation and the Internet of Things can promote sustainability on a much broader and deeper scale. The question is, how do you use all the available data to create a more environmentally sound future? The term “Internet of Things” was coined in 1999 by Kevin Ashton, who at the time was a brand manager trying to find a better way to track inventory. His idea? Put a microchip on the packaging to let stores know what was on the shelves.

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Expansion of renewable energy resources and energyconscious behaviour at the University of Szeged

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184803006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 03006 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

László Gyarmati

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Investment Planning ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Natural Energy ◽

Technological Developments ◽

The University

At the University of Szeged, as the greenest University of Hungary, the sustainability project is built on two pillars. One of them is based on events and communication campaigns held regularly for the University citizens to prompt environmental-conscious behaviour, whereas the other is built on technological developments and on the extensive use of renewable energy resources. Thus the development of built environment and social responsibility both support the adequacy to sustainability requirements. The spreading of the effective solutions to making more and more buildings of the University energy efficient, numerous investments using renewable energy are also responsible for the decrease of the natural energy use of the institution contrary to the fact that the number of the buildings of the University of Szeged is continually increasing. It can be stated that the University of Szeged is committed to using renewable energy which is taken into consideration of each investment planning. The following examples confirm it: using geothermal cascade system for heating and cooling of five university bulidings, solar panels on 24 builidings and a unique technology of using the heat of wastewater to cool and heat one of the main bulidings of the university, namely the Study and Information Centre.

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Design and experimental analysis of a solar thermoelectric heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system as an integral element of a building envelope

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology ◽

10.1177/0143624418814067 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 220-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Irfan Ahmad Gondal

Keyword(s):

Experimental Analysis ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

Energy Use ◽

New Technologies ◽

Thermoelectric Module ◽

Electrical Current ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Coefficient Of Performance ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Cooling Effects

This study presents an innovative concept of a compact integrated solar-thermoelectric module that can form part of the building envelope. The heating/cooling modes use the photovoltaic electrical current to power the heat pump. The experimental analysis was carried out and the results of coefficient of performance were in the range 0.5–1 and 2.6–5 for cooling and heating functions, respectively. The study demonstrates that thermoelectric cooler can effectively be used for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning applications by integrating with solar panels especially in cooling applications. The system is environmentally friendly and can contribute in the implementation of zero energy buildings concept. Practical application: In order to help address the challenge of climate change and associated environmental effects, there is continuous demand for new technologies and applications that can be readily integrated into day-to-day life as a means of reducing anthropogenic impact. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, as one of the largest energy consumers in buildings, is the focus of many researchers seeking to reduce building energy use and environmental impact. This article proposes using facades and windows that have an integrated modules of solar photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric devices that are able to work together to achieve heating and cooling effects as required by the building without requiring any external operational power.

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ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, LESS STRAIGHT FORWARD THEN PRESUMED

САВРЕМЕНА ТЕОРИЈА И ПРАКСА У ГРАДИТЕЉСТВУ ◽

10.7251/stp1813155h ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hugo Hens

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Energy Use ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Net Zero ◽

Energy Conserving ◽

New Construction

Since the 1990s, the successive EU directives and related national or regional legislations require new construction and retrofits to be as much as possible energy-efficient. Several measures that should stepwise minimize the primary energy use for heating and cooling have become mandated as requirement. However, in reality, related predicted savings are not seen in practice. Two effects are responsible for that. The first one refers to dweller habits, which are more energy-conserving than the calculation tools presume. In fact, while in non-energy-efficient ones, habits on average result in up to a 50% lower end energy use for heating than predicted. That percentage drops to zero or it even turns negative in extremely energy-efficient residences. The second effect refers to problems with low-voltage distribution grids not designed to transport the peaks in electricity whensunny in summer. Through that, a part of converters has to be uncoupled now and then, which means less renewable electricity. This is illustrated by examples that in theory should be net-zero buildings due to the measures applied and the presence of enough photovoltaic cells (PV) on each roof. We can conclude that mandating extreme energy efficiency far beyond the present total optimum value for residential buildings looks questionable as a policy. However, despite that, governments and administrations still seem to require even more extreme measurements regarding energy efficiency.

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