Assessment of the plastic capacity of I-shaped cross-sections according to the partial internal forces method

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 740-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Winkler ◽  
Rolf Kindmann ◽  
Markus Knobloch
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Internal Forces

Internal Forces and Steel Arrangement Analysis on the Steel Lined Reinforced Concrete Penstocks

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Zhang Wei ◽  
Chuan Xiong Fu ◽  
Lu Feng Yang ◽  
Jin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Internal Force ◽  
Concrete Wall ◽  
Inner Radius ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Axisymmetric Structure

he steel lined reinforced concrete penstocks (SLRCP) is always looked as an axisymmetric structure according to the design code, which can not show the true load-carrying capacity when considering the dam’s constraint to the SLRCP. In this paper, the physical non-axisymmetric property of the structure is simulated using the finite element method. The internal force distribution of every cross section in the SLRCP is studied, and a design method for steel arrangement based on axial force is proposed. When considering the non-axisymmetric property, the axial force in those cross sections approaching the bottom of the structure may be reduced more than 30% to the calculated value by the axisymmetric analysis. The larger the inner radius of the penstock or the thickness of the concrete wall is, the more marked the non-axisymmetric property of the SLRCP is.

scholarly journals Orientation effects of horizontal seismic components on longitudinal reinforcement in R/C frame elements

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Kostinakis ◽  
A. M. Athanatopoulou ◽  
I. E. Avramidis
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Longitudinal Reinforcement ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Response History Analysis ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Horizontal Ground Motion

Abstract. The present paper investigates the influence of the orientation of recorded horizontal ground motion components on the longitudinal reinforcement of R/C frame elements within the context of linear response history analysis. For this purpose, three single-story buildings are analyzed and designed for 13 recorded bi-directional ground motions applied along the horizontal structural axes. The analysis and design is performed for several orientations of the recording angle of the horizontal seismic components. For each orientation the longitudinal reinforcement at all critical cross sections is calculated using four methods of selecting the set of internal forces needed to compute the required reinforcement. The results show that the reinforcement calculated by three of the applied methods is significantly affected by the orientation of the recording angle of ground motion, while the fourth one leads to results which are independent of the orientation of the recording angle.

Numerical Analysis of a Rigid Node of a Spatial Timber Frame Made of Structural Elements with Built-up Cross-Sections

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina E. Lanivschi ◽  
Alexandru Secu ◽  
Gabriela M. Atanasiu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Finite Elements ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Timber Frame ◽  
One Step ◽  
Internal Forces

Considering wood currently used in construction domain, it may be observed that it possesses good strengths, but reduced modules of elasticity. This drawback may be prevented by creating structures with rigid nodes or by using hybrid or composed cross-sections for the structural elements.The paper consists of numerical analysis of a timber frame with rigid nodes, assuming composed cross-sections for the structural elements, made of four props with cross-sectional dimensions of 0.1x0.1 m each - for columns and two chords of 0.1x0.1 m each - for beams.Analyzing this type of structures by considering equivalent cross sections` properties of the structural elements, the real phenomena may not be covered, since it doesn`t consider all elastic characteristics of wood, resulting in different stress` distribution in the structural elements.The analyze of this structure considering both real solid cross-sections and all elastic properties of wood by using specialized software, leads to a laborious work because of the high number of finite elements. Thereby, a two-step analysis is proposed: the first one consists in solving the spatial timber frame with bar type finite elements and the elastic properties parallel to the grain, as provided by design codes. In the second step, an intermediary node is detached and loaded with the internal forces obtained from the first step, considering all elastic parameters of wood and using solid type finite elements.Currently, in the design process, only the first step in performed. The two-step analysis aims to compare the results with those obtained using the strength of materials methods, relieving the necessary corrections in the case of one-step design process.

A 4-degree-of-freedom Kirchhoff beam model for the modeling of bending–torsion couplings in active-bending structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baptiste Lefevre ◽  
Frédéric Tayeb ◽  
Lionel du Peloux ◽  
Jean-François Caron
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Relaxation Method ◽  
Mathematical Work ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Dynamic Relaxation ◽  
High Interaction ◽  
Slender Beams ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Dynamic Relaxation Method

Gridshells are lightweight structures made of interconnected slender beams. Due to large displacements, high interaction between the beams, and bending–torsion coupling, modeling gridshells requires specific non-linear numerical tools to reach convergence within a reasonable time. In this article, the development of such a tool is presented. It is based on the Kirchhoff beam theory and uses the dynamic relaxation method. First, from Kirchhoff’s equations, the internal forces and moments acting on a beam are obtained. Once this mathematical work is done, the dynamic relaxation method is used in order to get the static equilibrium configuration of the beam. This new approach is tested on several examples and validated for slender beams with arbitrary rest-state configuration and cross sections. In particular, results for ribbons with high bending–torsion coupling are presented. Finally, this process enables the fast and precise modeling of gridshells including bending–torsion coupling.

The Design Method of Major Parameters for Built-Up Columns

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 264-272
Author(s):  
Gui Yu Lin ◽  
Yan Feng Luo ◽  
Ting Na Sun ◽  
Kui Xian Li
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Critical Stress ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Working Stress ◽  
Support Force ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Independent Design ◽  
The Relationship

Built-up columns are widely used in engineering structure, but it is confusing for designers how to determine the parameters of built-up columns. The paper based on the user's basic needs which are the minimum working radius and working load, would simplify working load, support force and hoisting force to the vertex of built-up columns. From the origin of design, and to analyze mechanic behavior of built-up columns, and have found the relationship between internal forces, that is, the axial force, the swing force, the support force, and the working load. In accordance with design experience, the relationship between axial internal stress and its total working stress, critical stress and limit of yielding, had been respectively determined. According to this knowledge to determine the mass and the geometrical parameters of major cross-sections and roots of built-up columns, and a comparison between the results and ones of examples calculations were made, and it was found that the results are reasonable. This will offer a design method of determining the major parameters of built-up columns at the phase of the preliminary design, and improve the independent design capability.

scholarly journals Architectural and constructive decisions of a triangular reinforced concrete arch with a self-stressed steel brace

2020 ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Semko ◽  
◽  
Аnton Hasenkо ◽  
Aleksey Fenkо ◽  
J Godwin Emmanuel B. Arch. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Internal Forces

The article describes the influence of overall dimensions, namely the ratio of lifting height to the span of the triangular reinforced concrete arch of the coating, to the change in internal forces in its cross sections. The change of axial force in steel rods and reinforced concrete half-panels and the change of bending moment in reinforced concrete half-panels depending on the angle of inclination of roof are determined. According to the obtained values of the effort, the required diameters of the working reinforcement and its cost are determined.

INFULENCE OF THE COLLUMN WEB PANEL BEHAVIOUR TO THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN JOINT / KOLONOS SIENELĖS ELGSENOS POVEIKIS SIJOS-KOLONOS MAZGO LENKIAMOSIOS GALIOS IR STANDŽIO RODIKLIAMS

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Urbonas ◽  
Alfonsas Daniūnas
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Rotational Stiffness ◽  
End Plate ◽  
Joint Characteristics ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Column Joint ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Web

The paper reviews the importance of the evaluation of actual Joints’ behavior during the designing and manufacturing of frame constructions. In this paper an overview of methods for evaluation of Joints’ characteristics is presented. The component method, used in Eurocode 3 is introduced in more detail. In addition, a Short overview of beam-to-columns joints’ components is made. Beam-to-column joint can be split into two components: the web panel and the connection zone. In most cases, the column web panel is a highly significant part that affects joint's characteristics. Internal forces of the joint can deform the column web panel and dismantle it. Therefore, the column web panel can not only affect the initial rotational stiffness of the joint, but also the design moment resistance. The article presents the results of the three types of joints’ calculations that illustrate the influence of the behavior of the column web panel for the joint characteristics. Calculations were performed with same cross-sections and steel grade of the elements. The difference is that one joint's column web panel was stiffened, while the other one was not. Welded beam-to-column joint (case 1) with transverse stiffeners becomes more rigid, because after using the stiffeners, no components that could be deformed remain. When the web panel was only stiffened with transverse stiffeners, the design's moment resistance increased by 28%, when diagonal stiffeners were added, design's moment resistance increased by 64%. If the weakest component of the joint is the column web panel in shear, compression or tension, design resistance of these components can be increased using stiffeners. Then the design moment resistance of the joint increases as well. In the performed calculations (cases 1, 2 and 3), the transverse stiffeners increased the design moment resistance by 28, 30 and 13% respectively, while the use of transverse and diagonal stiffeners together increased the design moment resistance by 64, 67 and 16% respectively. When components of connection area are sufficiently rigid (case 2; bolts M24; end-plate thickness is 20mm; two rows of bolts are in tension), using column web stiffeners causes the beam-to-column joint to become rigid. In this case, the use of transverse stiffeners increased initial torsional stiffness by 330%. In case 3, when the connection components were relatively rigid (bolt M24; end-plate thickness is 20 mm), using stiffeners the initial rotational stiffness has increased by 153%, but due to its geometry the joint is not stiff enough to satisfy the requirements for a rigid joint with it's behavior. In addition, the transverse and diagonal stiffeners for joints in cases 2 and 3 were no longer increasing the initial rotational stiffness. When components of connection area are more flexible (cases 2 and 3; Bots are M16 and the end-plate thickness is 10 mm), using stiffeners can increase the initial rotational stiffness of the joint 2–3 times, but the joint won't be stiff enough to be considered rigid. Santrauka Straipsnyje apžvelgta tikrosios mazgų elgsenos įvertinimo svarba projektuojant ir gaminant plienines rėmines konstrukcijas, nagrinėjami mazgų rodiklių nustatymo metodai, plačiau pristatytas Eurokode 3 taikomas komponentų metodas ir aptarti sijos-kolonos mazgų komponentai. Ypatingas dėmesys skirtas vienam mazgo komponentui – kolonos sienelei. Tirta kolonos sienelės elgsenos svarba ir poveikis viso mazgo rodikliams. Aptartos įvairios konstrukcinės galimybės kolonos sienelei sustandinti. Pateikti kolonos sienelės poveikį mazgo standžiui ir lenkiamajai galiai iliustruojantys skaičiavimo rezultatai. Skaičiuota nesustandinus kolonos sienelės ir ją sustandinus. Gautieji rezultatai patvirtina lauktą rezultatą, kad sienelė – labai svarbus mazgo komponentas, o nuo jos elgsenos gali priklausyti mazgo sukamasis standis ir laikomoji galia. Kolonos sienelės plokštę sustandinus, visais skaičiuotais atvejais mazgo standis ir lenkiamoji galia padidėjo.

scholarly journals Analytical Method for Determination of Internal Forces of Mechanisms and Manipulators

Robotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muratulla Utenov ◽  
Tarek Sobh ◽  
Zhumadil Baigunchekov ◽  
Saltanat Zhilkibayeva ◽  
Sarosh Patel
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Discrete Model ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Dynamic Equations ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Rigid Joints

This paper presents a theory for the analytical determination of internal forces in the links of planar linkage mechanisms and manipulators with statically determinate structures, considering the distributed dynamic loads. Linkage mechanisms and manipulators were divided into elements and joints. Discrete models were created for both the elements and the entire mechanism. The dynamic equations of equilibrium for the discrete model of the elements and the hinged and rigid joints, under the action of longitudinal and transverse distributed dynamic trapezoidal loads, were derived. In the dynamic equations of the equilibrium of the discrete model of the elements and joints, the connections between the components of the force vector in the calculated cross-sections and the geometric, physical, and kinematic characteristics of the element were established for its plane-parallel motion. According to the developed technique, programs were created in the Maple system, and animations of the motion of the mechanisms were produced. The links were constructed with the intensity of transverse- and longitudinal-distributed dynamic loads, bending moments, and shearing and normal forces, depending on the kinematic characteristics of the links.

scholarly journals BAR ANALOGUES FOR MODELLING OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Maria Barabash ◽  
Andrii Tomashebskyi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
The Cross

his paper discusses the use of bar analogues for calculation of internal forces in the cross-sections of building structures, which are modelled by a set of finiteelements. It also introduces the concepts of bar analogues, explains their basic theoretical premises and provides the results of the calculations of verification problems

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