Environmental changes affecting physiological responses and growth of hybrid grouper – The interactive impact of low pH and temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 116375
Author(s):  
Yusnita A Thalib ◽  
Ros Suhaida Razali ◽  
Suhaini Mohamad ◽  
Rabi’atul ‘Adawiyyah Zainuddin ◽  
Sharifah Rahmah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Hybrid Grouper

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Responses in the Context of Physical Activity

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Maciej Tarnowski ◽  
Patrycja Kopytko ◽  
Katarzyna Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Tissue Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Milieu ◽  
Immunological System

Epigenetic modifications occur in response to environmental changes and play a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression. PA is found to elicit an inflammatory response, both from the innate and adaptive divisions of the immunological system. The inflammatory reaction is considered a vital trigger of epigenetic changes that in turn modulate inflammatory actions. The tissue responses to PA involve local and general changes. The epigenetic mechanisms involved include: DNA methylation, histone proteins modification and microRNA. All of them affect genetic expression in an inflammatory milieu in physical exercise depending on the magnitude of physiological stress experienced by the exerciser. PA may evoke acute or chronic biochemical and physiological responses and have a positive or negative immunomodulatory effect.

Physiological responses of a population of Sargassum vulgare (Phaeophyceae) to high pCO 2 /low pH: implications for its long-term distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Porzio ◽  
Maria Cristina Buia ◽  
Maurizio Lorenti ◽  
Anna De Maio ◽  
Carmen Arena
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Sargassum Vulgare

The Influence of Calcium on the Physiological Responses of the Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri, to Low Environmental pH

1980 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-132
Author(s):  
D. G. McDONALD ◽  
H. HŌBE ◽  
C. M. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Minor Depression ◽  
Regulatory Failure ◽  
A Minor

The physiological responses of 1- to 2-year-old rainbow trout to low pH are dependent on the environmental calcium concentration. Trout, maintained for 5 days in moderately hard water ([Ca2+] = 1·6–2·7 m-equiv/1) at a mean pH of 4·3, developed a major blood acidosis but exhibited only a minor depression in plasma ion levels. In acidified soft water ([Ca2+] = 0·3 m-equiv/1), only a minor acidosis occurred, but plasma ion levels fell and there were substantially greater mortalities. Lethal bioassays performed on fingerling trout over a range of pH levels (3·0–4·8) revealed an important influence of external [Ca2+] on resistance to acid exposure. Terminal physiological measurements on adult fish succumbing to low pH in soft water indicate the singular importance of iono-regulatory failure as the toxic mechanism of action under these circumstances.

scholarly journals Photosynthate translocation increases in response to low seawater pH in a coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3997-4007 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tremblay ◽  
M. Fine ◽  
J. F. Maguer ◽  
R. Grover ◽  
C. Ferrier-Pagès
Keyword(s):  
Scleractinian Coral ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Stylophora Pistillata ◽  
Seawater Ph

Abstract. This study has examined the effect of low seawater pH values (induced by an increased CO2 partial pressure) on the rates of photosynthesis, as well as on the carbon budget and carbon translocation in the scleractinian coral species Stylophora pistillata, using a new model based on 13C labelling of the photosynthetic products. Symbiont photosynthesis contributes to a large part of the carbon acquisition in tropical coral species, and it is thus important to know how environmental changes affect this carbon acquisition and allocation. For this purpose, nubbins of S. pistillata were maintained for six months at two pHTs (8.1 and 7.2, by bubbling seawater with CO2). The lowest pH value was used to tackle how seawater pH impacts the carbon budget of a scleractinian coral. Rates of photosynthesis and respiration of the symbiotic association and of isolated symbionts were assessed at each pH. The fate of 13C photosynthates was then followed in the symbionts and the coral host for 48 h. Nubbins maintained at pHT 7.2 presented a lower areal symbiont concentration, and lower areal rates of gross photosynthesis and carbon incorporation compared to nubbins maintained at pHT 8.1. The total carbon acquisition was thus lower under low pH. However, the total percentage of carbon translocated to the host as well as the amount of carbon translocated per symbiont cell were significantly higher under pHT 7.2 than under pHT 8.1 (70% at pHT 7.2 vs. 60% at pHT 8.1), such that the total amount of photosynthetic carbon received by the coral host was equivalent under both pHs (5.5 to 6.1 μg C cm−2 h−1). Although the carbon budget of the host was unchanged, symbionts acquired less carbon for their own needs (0.6 compared to 1.8 μg C cm−2 h−1), explaining the overall decrease in symbiont concentration at low pH. In the long term, such decrease in symbiont concentration might severely affect the carbon budget of the symbiotic association.

scholarly journals In vitro Assessment of the Safety and Potential Probiotic Characteristics of Three Bacillus Strains Isolated From the Intestine of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwaku Amoah ◽  
Xiao-hui Dong ◽  
Bei-ping Tan ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Felix K. A. Kuebutornye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Bile Salt Concentration ◽  
Hybrid Grouper ◽  
Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus

Probiotics serving as an alternative to the criticized antibiotics mainly focus on improving animal's growth and health. After realizing the dangers posed by diseases that have led to lots of economic losses, aquaculture scientists have sought the usage of probiotics. However, most probiotics are ineffective in eliciting aquatic animals' preferred effects, since they are from non-fish sources. Again, there are even a few marine aquatic probiotics. Given this, a study was conducted to investigate the probiotic potential of the bacteria species isolated from the digestive tract of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂). Based on the morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and evolutionary relationships, the isolated species were identified as Bacillus tequilensis GPSAK2 (MW548630), Bacillus velezensis GPSAK4 (MW548635), and Bacillus subtilis GPSAK9 (MW548634), which were designated as GPSAK2, GPSAK4, and GPSAK9 strains, respectively. Their probiotic potentials including their ability to tolerate high bile salt concentration, low pH, high temperatures, adhesion ability (auto-aggregation and cell-surface hydrophobicity), antimicrobial activity and biosafety test, compatibility test, hemolytic activity, and antibiotic susceptibility test were evaluated. While GPSAK2 and GPSAK9 strains were γ-hemolytic, that of GPSAK4 was α-hemolytic. All the isolates were resistant to low pH (1) and higher bile salt concentration (0.5%), showed higher viability ability after higher temperature exposure (80, 90, and 100°C), as well as higher cell-surface percentage hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation. All isolates exhibited positive compatibility with each other, signifying their ability to be used as multispecies. The three strains were susceptible to ampicillin (except GPSAK9, which was resistant), penicillin, kanamycin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin, furazolidone (except GPSAK2 and GPSAK9, which were moderately susceptible and resistant, respectively), polymyxin B, vancomycin (except GPSAK9, which was resistant), sulfamethoxazole (except GPSAK9, which was moderately susceptible), amikacin, minocycline, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, doxycycline, neomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, carbenicillin, midecamycin (except GPSAK9, which was moderately susceptible), ciprofloxacin, piperacillin, and cefoperazone. All isolates demonstrated good antimicrobial activity against four pathogens, viz. Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus iniae, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio alginolyticus. The results collectively suggest that Bacillus strains GPSAK2, GPSAK4, and GPSAK9 could serve as potential probiotic candidates that can be used to improve the growth and health status of aquatic animals, especially grouper.

scholarly journals Long-Term Adaptation of Acidophilic Archaeal Ammonia Oxidisers Following Different Soil Fertilisation Histories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Baozhan Wang ◽  
Xue Zhou ◽  
Mohammad Saiful Alam ◽  
Jianbo Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Monooxygenase Gene ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Archaea

AbstractAmmonia oxidising archaea (AOA) are ecologically important nitrifiers in acidic agricultural soils. Two AOA phylogenetic clades, belonging to order-level lineages of Nitrososphaerales (clade C11; also classified as NS-Gamma-2.3.2) and family-level lineage of Candidatus Nitrosotaleaceae (clade C14; NT-Alpha-1.1.1), usually dominate AOA population in low pH soils. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different fertilisation histories on community composition and activity of acidophilic AOA in soils. High-throughput sequencing of ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) was performed on six low pH agricultural plots originating from the same soil but amended with different types of fertilisers for over 20 years and nitrification rates in those soils were measured. In these fertilised acidic soils, nitrification was likely dominated by Nitrososphaerales AOA and ammonia-oxidising bacteria, while Ca. Nitrosotaleaceae AOA activity was non-significant. Within Nitrososphaerales AOA, community composition differed based on the fertilisation history, with Nitrososphaerales C11 only representing a low proportion of the community. This study revealed that long-term soil fertilisation selects for different acidophilic nitrifier communities, potentially through soil pH change or through direct effect of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Comparative community composition among the differently fertilised soils also highlighted the existence of AOA phylotypes with different levels of stability to environmental changes, contributing to the understanding of high AOA diversity maintenance in terrestrial ecosystems.

Decreased Survival and Calcium Uptake by the Crayfish Orconectes virilis in Low pH

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Malley
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Lake Acidification ◽  
Orconectes Virilis ◽  
Molt Cycle ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Acidification Of Lake

As part of a study of the effects of the experimental whole-lake acidification of Lake 223 in the Experimental Lakes Area on the population of the crayfish Orconectes virilis physiological responses of adults from this population to low pH were examined in the laboratory. Crayfish survived pH 4.0 for 10 d when they were not moulting but suffered mortality when they were in postmolt stages. Postmolt crayfish held at pH 5.0 for 10 d survived but showed slower progression of molt cycle stages and of calcification of the exoskeleton than individuals held at pH 6.0 or in lake water at about pH 6.7. Uptake of Ca++ by postmolt crayfish measured by the use of 45Ca as a tracer was inhibited by pH below 5.75 and ceased altogether below pH 4.0 when these levels of acidity were applied acutely.Key words: Orconectes virilis, crayfish, molt cycle, mortality, pH, calcification, postmolt calcium uptake, acid rain, lake acidification

scholarly journals Effects of dietary allspice, Pimenta dioica powder on physiological responses of Oreochromis mossambicus under low pH stress

SpringerPlus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevdan Yılmaz ◽  
Ümit Acar ◽  
Osman Sabri Kesbiç ◽  
Nejdet Gültepe ◽  
Sebahattin Ergün
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ph Stress ◽  
Pimenta Dioica

scholarly journals Physiological responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to industrially relevant conditions: Slow growth, low pH, and high CO 2 levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Hakkaart ◽  
Yaya Liu ◽  
Mandy Hulst ◽  
Anissa Masoudi ◽  
Eveline Peuscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Low Ph

scholarly journals EYES ABSENT and TIMELESS integrate photoperiodic and temperature cues to regulate seasonal physiology in Drosophila

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Abrieux ◽  
Yongbo Xue ◽  
Yao Cai ◽  
Kyle M. Lewald ◽  
Hoang Nhu Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Eyes Absent ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Clock Protein

AbstractOrganisms possess photoperiodic timing mechanisms to anticipate variations in day length and temperature as the seasons progress. The nature of the molecular mechanisms interpreting and signaling these environmental changes to elicit downstream neuroendocrine and physiological responses are just starting to emerge. Here, we demonstrate that in Drosophila melanogaster, EYES ABSENT (EYA) acts as a seasonal sensor by interpreting photoperiodic and temperature changes to trigger appropriate physiological responses. We observed that tissue-specific genetic manipulation of eya expression is sufficient to disrupt the ability of flies to sense seasonal cues, thereby altering the extent of female reproductive dormancy. Specifically we observed that EYA proteins, which peak at night in short photoperiod and accumulate at higher levels in the cold, promote reproductive dormancy in female D. melanogaster. Furthermore, we provide evidence indicating that the role of EYA in photoperiodism and temperature sensing is aided by the stabilizing action of the light-sensitive circadian clock protein TIMELESS (TIM). We postulate that increased stability and level of TIM at night under short photoperiod together with the production of cold-induced and light-insensitive TIM isoforms facilitate EYA accumulation in winter conditions. This is supported by our observations that tim null mutants exhibit reduced incidence of reproductive dormancy in simulated winter conditions, while flies overexpressing tim show an increased incidence of reproductive dormancy even in long photoperiod.Significance StatementExtracting information on calendar time from seasonal changes in photoperiod and temperature is critical for organisms to maintain circannual cycles in physiology and behavior. Here we found that in flies, EYES ABSENT (EYA) protein act as a seasonal sensor by adjusting its abundance and circadian phase in response to changes in photoperiod and temperature. We show that the manipulation of EYA levels is sufficient to impair the ability of female Drosophila to regulate seasonal variation in reproductive dormancy. Finally, our results suggest an important role of the circadian clock protein TIMELESS (TIM) in modulating EYA level through its ability to measure night length, linking the circadian clock to seasonal timing.

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