scholarly journals Formation of disinfection byproducts in an ammonia-polluted source water with UV/chlorine treatment followed by post-chlorination: A pilot-scale study

2022 ◽  
pp. 102266
Author(s):  
Xinran Zhang ◽  
Pengfei Ren ◽  
Jianhua Zhou ◽  
Junyi Li ◽  
Zhenxing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Source Water

Pilot-Scale Study on Treatment of High-Algae and Low-Turbidity Source Water by Air Flotation in South China

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 2686-2690
Author(s):  
Gui Qing Gao ◽  
Hai Yan Ju ◽  
Du Wang Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
South China ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
Scale Experiment

The pilot-scale experiment of air flotation was carried out for reservoir water treatment of Shenzhen in order to provide reference for waterplant. The results show the turbidity of raw water is higher or lower than 15NTU, the optimum dosage of poly aluminum chloride (PAC) is 1.65mg/L and 1.25mg/L respectively. When the turbidity of raw water is between 3NTU and 32NTU, the amount of algae is less than 1.08×107unit/L, the removal rate of air flotation for turbidity and algae is 89.3% and 92.7% respectively; besides, the average removal rate of air flotation on CODMn is 32.6%, 21.2% of TOC is removed at least. Air flotation has preferable treatment effect on high–algae and low-turbidity water, adapts to treat micro-polluted water in South China.

Identification of unknown disinfection byproducts in drinking water produced from Taihu Lake source water

2022 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jiabao Li ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Yu ◽  
Hongyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Source Water

Review of fundamentals and specific aspects of oxidation technologies in marine waters

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kornmueller
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Oxidation Processes

This review is based on the existing literature and on our experiences in the application of different oxidation processes in brackish water and seawater. The oxidation reactions of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are considerably different in marine waters from well-known drinking, process and wastewater applications. In contrast, the major secondary oxidants are bromine species in marine waters, which might form the DBPs of concern bromate and bromoform. An efficient AOP application needs knowledge of the source water constitutions and the oxidant demand. Besides changes in the oxidants chemistry compared to fresh water, the great and seasonal variation of marine waters has to be considered in the process design. The complexity of oxidant reactions and formation of byproducts are only partially researched and known as yet. Hence, it is advisable to determine the characteristic and variation of the water source as well as its influence on each AOP in experiments prior to the process design.

Proactive optical monitoring of catchment dissolved organic matter for drinking water source protection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Weatherill ◽  
Elena Fernandez-Pascual ◽  
Jean O'Dwyer ◽  
Elizabeth Gilchrist ◽  
Simon Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Optical Monitoring ◽  
Water Supplies

<p>Ireland has a far greater number of regulatory exceedances for trihalomethanes (THMs) in public water supplies than the next highest European Union member state. In Ireland, 82% of public water supplies originate from surface water catchments which require disinfection to inactivate pathogens and prevent the spread of waterborne diseases. Since the 1970s, it has been known that the use of chlorine for disinfection leads to the formation of potentially harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs) of which some are suspected carcinogens. THMs are one prominent class of at least 700 potentially harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs) produced after chlorination of dissolved organic matter (DOM) present in source water which is not removed prior to disinfection.</p><p>We introduce a new research project, funded by the Irish Environmental Protection Agency entitled PRODOM: PRoactive Optical monitoring of catchment Dissolved Organic Matter for drinking water source protection. The overall aim of the research is to develop an integrated catchment-level understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of DOM precursors and associated DBP formation risk. The project will explore the relationship between optically-active DOM precursors and laboratory formation potentials for key DBPs including emerging classes of potentially more harmful nitrogenous DBPs. Through high-resolution spatial sampling we will develop geospatial DBP formation risk maps and identify risk-driving point and diffuse precursor sources. We will evaluate the potential of state-of-the-art UV fluorescence sensor technology to act as an early warning tool for proactive management of source water at sub-catchment scale. Using high-frequency time series monitoring of fluorescent precursors, we will identify high-risk periods in the catchment hydrograph and evaluate critical precursor sources and pathways to inform a series of catchment management measures designed to reduce DBP formation risk. </p>

Effect of Chlorination Conditions on Amount of THMs

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 2294-2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Guang Li ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Chun Wen Yang ◽  
Yan Qiu Shao ◽  
Zhi Min Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Made In

Experiment was made，in which Harbin reservoir water was taken as source water to observe the influence of chlorination conditions such as chlorine dosage，reaction time，pH value，organics concentration and varieties of disinfectant on the amount of THMs formation．Based on the experiment results，control measures were proposed for the formation of disinfection byproducts such as THMs through optimization of disinfection．

Correlations between surrogate nitrogenous organic precursors and C-, N-DBP formation

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2395-2403 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Chang ◽  
G. S. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Organic Precursors ◽  
Different Characteristics

Nitrosamines have been emerging as disinfection byproducts in drinking water using source water impacted with domestic wastewaters. Nitrogenous organic compounds are suggested as precursors of nitrosamines, but many of them have not been identified. This study investigated the correlations between nine selected nitrogenous organic compounds with different characteristics and corresponding disinfection by-product formation potentials (nitrosamines, trihalomethanes (THMs), and haloacetic acids (HAAs)) from their reactions with free chlorine, chlorine dioxide and monochloramine. Besides dimethylamine, the well-known precursor of nitrosamines, 3-(N,N-dimethyloctylammonio)propanesulfonate (3-N,N-DAPSIS) inner salt and benzyldimethyltetradecylamine (benzalkonium chloride, BKC) were suggested as important nitrosamine precursors. 3-N,N-DAPSIS could form about 1,000 ng/L of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and more than 1,000 μg/L of THMs. More than 150,000 ng/L of NDMA were observed when BKC was treated with monochloramine, and high levels of THMs (up to 2,700 μg/L) were also yielded. As expected, free chlorine produced higher levels of THMs and HAAs, and chlorine dioxide generated minor levels of traditional DBPs. Nitrosamines were mainly formed when the precursors were treated with monochloramine.

Dissolved organic carbon and potential for disinfection byproducts in Kranji, Pandan and Tengah reservoirs in Singapore

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-419
Author(s):  
C. B. Chidambara Raj ◽  
Tan Ee Kwong ◽  
Sharon Shi ◽  
Puah Aik Num
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
On Line

Fresh water from three western reservoirs of Singapore was assessed for the formation of trihalomethanes and the removal of precursors in a pilot-scale study. Raw water was processed through flocculation-sedimentation modules in a pilot plant with a capacity of 45 m3/day. Alum was the primary coagulant. Normal coagulation removed 10–60% of THM precursors. Kranji Reservoir, which has a watershed with thick vegetation, had relatively higher levels of dissolved organic matter with correspondingly higher potential for the formation of THM than Pandan Reservoir; Pandan is largely an urban catchment. Land-use pattern and proximity to seashore seem to influence THM formation. UV254 and SUVA were found to be better surrogates than DOC for THM. A benchmark criterion (UV254<0.08 cm−1) for on-line monitoring of THM was deduced from SDS-THM data and this criterion would vary slightly among the water works.

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