Dynamics of biochemical changes in anxious-depressed patients under treatment with antidepressants with different mechanisms of action on serotonin reuptake

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S119-S120
Author(s):  
M. Uzbekov ◽  
N. Maximova
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Anxious Depression ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Competing Interest

ObjectivesPharmacodynamics of serotonergic antidepressants differently influencing on serotonin reuptake receptors is poorly investigated.AimTo compare biochemical profiles at patients with anxious depression under treatment with tianeptine–serotonin reuptake enhancer and sertraline–selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.MethodsPlatelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and serum amine oxidase (AO) activities, level of middle mass endotoxic molecules (MMEM) and serum albumin functional properties – effective albumin concentration (EAC) and reserve of albumin binding (RAB) were investigated at 43 patients with anxious depression (F 32.1 and F 33.1). Clinical severity of illness was assessed using Hamilton Depression (21 items) and Hamilton Anxiety Scales. All patients were divided in two groups: group I (21 person) received tianeptine (37, 5 mg/day), group II – sertraline (50 mg/day).ResultsIt was established that patients with anxious depression were characterized by significant increase in MAO activity (by 95%) and the level of MMEM (by 86%) and significant decrease in AO activity (by 28%) and EAC and RAB parameters by 43 and 38%, respectively, in comparison with healthy volunteers. Under tianeptine and sertraline treatment, there were revealed contrary directed changes of all investigated parameters.ConclusionResults of study show that both tianeptine and sertraline are equally effective in treatment of anxious depression. Present biochemical investigation, however, suggest that underlying biochemical changes are more complete following tianeptine treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Biochemical and biophysical aspects of the pathophysiology of first episode of schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2171-2171
Author(s):  
M. Uzbekov ◽  
N. Smolina ◽  
T. Syrejshchikova ◽  
E. Misionzhnik ◽  
Y. Gryzunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Fluorescent Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Parameters

IntroductionThe knowledge of pathophysiology of first psychotic episode is still fragmentary.AimTo investigate some biochemical and biophysical parameters in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenic (FES) patients.Methods26 FES patients (ICD-10; F 20.0 and F 20.3) and 15 age-and gender-match volunteers were investigated. Clinical severity of FES patients were assessed by PANSS scale. Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and serum semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activities, middle-mass endotoxic molecules (MMEM) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using respective methods. Steady-state and subnanosecond fluorescent spectroscopy were used for the investigation of albumin conformational changesResults Severity of disorder prior the treatment was 75.5 ± 2.2 (PANSS score). FES patients were characterized by significant increase in MAO activity (99%) and MMEM concentration (124%) and significant decrease in SSAO activity (26%) as compared with controls. Changes of albumin conformational and functional parameters (“effective” albumin concentration and“reserve” of albumin binding) estimated by steady-state fluorescent spectroscopy were insignificant. Factor analysis revealed that MAO and SSAO are more tightly connected with pathogenetic mechanisms of FES then MMEM, MDA and albumin functional parameters. Significant conformational changes of albumin of FES patients were detected using pulse fluorescent spectroscopy with subnanosecond resolution. Results are compared with the data received in chronic schizophrenic patients.ConclusionFrom pathophysiological point of view FES is the initial step in development of pathologically disturbed biochemical status characteristic to chronic schizophrenia.The study was supported by grant # 3156 from International Science and Technology Center (ISTC).

Biochemical and biophysical aspects of the pathophysiology of first episode of schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1518-1518
Author(s):  
M. Uzbekov ◽  
N. Smolina ◽  
T. Syrejshchikova ◽  
E. Misionzhnik ◽  
Y. Gryzunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Fluorescent Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Parameters

IntroductionThe knowledge of pathophysiology of first psychotic episode is still fragmentary.AimTo investigate some biochemical and biophysical parameters in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenic (FES) patients.Methods26 FES patients (ICD-10; F 20.0 and F 20.3) and 15 age-and gender-match volunteers were investigated. Clinical severity of FES patients were assessed by PANSS scale. Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and serum semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activities, middle-mass endotoxic molecules (MMEM) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using respective methods. Steady-state and subnanosecond fluorescent spectroscopy were used for the investigation of albumin conformational changes.ResultsSeverity of disorder prior the treatment was 75.5 ± 2.2 (PANSS score). FES patients were characterized by significant increase in MAO activity (99%) and MMEM concentration (124%) and significant decrease in SSAO activity (26%) as compared with controls. Changes of albumin conformational and functional parameters (“effective” albumin concentration and “reserve” of albumin binding) estimated by steady-state fluorescent spectroscopy were insignificant. Factor analysis revealed that MAO and SSAO are more tightly connected with pathogenetic mechanisms of FES then MMEM, MDA and albumin functional parameters. Significant conformational changes of albumin of FES patients were detected using pulse fluorescent spectroscopy with subnanosecond resolution. Results are compared with the data received in chronic schizophrenic patients.ConclusionFrom pathophysiological point of view FES is the initial step in development of pathologically disturbed biochemical status characteristic to chronic schizophrenia. The study was supported by grant # 3156 from International Science and Technology Center (ISTC).

Brain anatomy of symptom stratification in schizophrenia: A voxel based morphometry study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S345-S345
Author(s):  
G. Delvecchio ◽  
A. Lorandi ◽  
C. Perilini ◽  
M. Barillari ◽  
M. Ruggeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Cerebellar Gray Matter

IntroductionAlthough some magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have investigated the existence of a relationship between clinical severity and neuroanatomical alterations in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), the biological signature associated with illness severity in schizophrenia is still uncertain.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate structural brain abnormalities in SCZ with particular regards to the identification of potential deficits associated to the severity of illness.Methods1.5 T MRI data were acquired for 61 subjects with SCZ and 59 matched healthy controls (HC). The patient group was divided in two subgroups based on clinical severity, one composed by 34 mild-to-moderately ill patients and the other one by 27 severely ill patients, and compared with matched HC.ResultsThe whole group of patients with SCZ had significantly reduced gray matter (GM) volumes in left inferior and middle temporal gyrus compared to HC (P < 0.05, pFWE corrected). Furthermore, compared to HC, patients with mild-to-moderate illness showed decreased GM volumes in inferior temporal gyrus (P < 0.05, pFWE corrected) whereas those with severe illness had reduced right cerebellum (P < 0.05, cFWE corrected). No differences were observed between the two subgroups of patients.ConclusionsOur results showed significant GM volume reductions in left inferior and middle temporal gyrus in patients with SCZ compared to matched HC, confirming the role of this region in the pathophysiology of SCZ. Furthermore, we identified specific cerebellar gray matter volume reductions in patients with severe illness, which may contribute to stratify patients with SCZ according to their clinical phenotype expression, ultimately helping in guiding targeted therapeutic/rehabilitation interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Efficacy of nebulised L-adrenaline with 3% hypertonic saline versus normal saline in bronchiolitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Shabnam Sharmin ◽  
Laila Helaly ◽  
Zakir Hossain Sarker ◽  
Ruhul Amin ◽  
Shafi Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Clinical Severity Score ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Bronchiolitis is one of the most common respiratory diseases requiring hospitalization. Nebulized epineph­rine and salbutamol therapy has been used in different centres with varying results. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of nebulised adrenaline diluted with 3% hypertonic saline with nebulised adrenaline diluted with normal saline in bronchiolitis. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Fifty three infants and young children with bronchiolitis, age ranging from 2 months to 2 years, presenting in the emergency department of Manikganj Sadar Hospital were enrolled in the study. After initial evaluation, patients were randomized to receive either nebulized adrenaline I .5 ml ( 1.5 mg) diluted with 2 ml of3% hypertonic saline (group I) ornebulised adrenaline 1.5 ml (1.5 mg) diluted with 2 ml of normal saline (group II). Patients were evaluated again 30 minutes after nebulization. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Twenty eight patients in the group I (hypertonic saline) and twenty five in groupII (normal saline) were included in the study. After nebulization, mean respiratory rate decreased from 63.7 to 48.1 (p&lt;.01), mean clinical severity score decreased from 8.5 to 3.5 (p&lt;.01) and mean oxygen satw·ation increased 94.7% to 96.9% (p&lt;.01) in group I. In group II, mean respiratory rate decreased from 62.4 to 47.4 (p&lt;.01), mean clinical severity score decreased from 7.2 to 4.1 (p&lt;.01) and mean oxygen saturation increased from 94. 7% to 96. 7% (p&lt;.01). Mean respiratory rate decreased by 16 in group I versus 14.8 (p&gt;.05) in group 11, mean clinical severity score decreased by 4.6 in group versus 3 (p&lt;.05) in group, and mean oxygen saturation increased by 2.2% and 1.9% in group and group respectively. Difference in reduction in clinical severity score was statistically significant , though the changes in respiratory rate and oxygen saturation were not statistically significant. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study concluded that both nebulised adrenaline diluted with 3% hypertonic saline and nebulised adrenaline with normal saline are effective in improving respiratory rate, clinical severity score and oxygen saturation in infants with bronchiolitis; and nebulised adrenaline with hypertonic saline is more effective than nebulised adrenaline with normal saline in improving clinical severity score in bronchiolitis.</p>

Evaluation of psychomotor/motor disturbances in elderly medical inpatients

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S150-S150 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. McCarthy ◽  
O. Fitzpatrick ◽  
D. O’Neill ◽  
D. Meagher ◽  
D. Adamis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Medical Inpatients ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
One Year ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Motor Disturbances

IntroductionTraditionally psychomotor subtypes have been investigated in patients with delirium in different settings and it has been found that those with hypoactive type is the largest proportion, often missed and with the worst outcomes.Aims and objectivesWe examined the psychomotor subtypes in an older age inpatients population, the effects that observed clinical variables have on psychomotor subtypes and their association with one year mortality.MethodsProspective study. Participants were assessed using the scales CAM, APACHE II, MoCA, Barthel Index and DRS-R98. Pre-existing dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Psychomotor subtypes were evaluated using the two relevant items of DRS-R98. Mortality rates were investigated one year after admission day.ResultsThe sample consisted of 200 participants [mean age 81.1 ± 6.5; 50% female; pre-existing cognitive impairment in 126 (63%)]. Thirty-four (17%) were identified with delirium (CAM+). Motor subtypes of the entire sample was: none: 119 (59.5%), hypo: 37 (18.5%), mixed: 15 (7.5%) and hyper: 29 (14.5%). Hypoactive and mixed subtype were significantly more frequent to delirious patients than to those without delirium, and none subtype more often to those without delirium. There was no difference in the hyperactive subtype between those with and without delirium. Hypoactive subtype was significant associated with delirium and lower scores in MoCA (cognition), while mixed was associated mainly with delirium. Predictors for one-year mortality were lower MoCA scores and severity of illness.ConclusionsPsychomotor disturbances are not unique to delirium. Hypoactivity, this “silent epidemic” is also part of a deteriorated cognition.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Potential neurobiological ADHD biomarkers

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S361-S361
Author(s):  
M. Uzbekov ◽  
E. Misionzhnik
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Hyperkinetic Syndrome ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Platelet Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Psychostimulant Medication

ObjectivesPathogenetic mechanisms of hyperkinetic syndrome (HKS) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are not clear.AimTo elucidate some aspects of monoamine involvement in pathogenesis of disorder and response of monoaminergic systems to psychostimulant medication.MethodsLevels of different monoamines, their metabolites and N-methylnicotinamide (end product of kynurenine pathway) were measured in daily samples of urine from children (7–11 years old) with mild and severe HKS using fluorimetric and chromatographic methods as well as platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. Thirty children with mild HKS received psychostimulant Sydnocarb 5–15 mg daily for 1–1.5 months (for ethical reasons children with severe HKS were not included in study).ResultsHKS was accompanied by activation of dopaminergic and inhibition of noradrenergic systems. There were found metabolic differences between two forms of HKS. Compared with mild HKS, severe HKS was characterized by significant 2-fold increase of MAO activity and L-dopa, dopamine and adrenaline excretion. After sydnocarb treatment children's clinical status improved along with decrease of excretion of homovanillic, vanillylmandelic and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acids and increase of N-methylnicotinamide.ConclusionsResults indicate that dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems play important role in pathogenesis of HKS. Clinical improvement of HKS children was accompanied by significant increase of N-methylnicotinamide excretion. It is proposed that increased urine excretion of kynurenine metabolite–N-methylnicotinamide and N-methylnicotinamide/5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid ratio can serve as potential biomarkers for evaluation of efficacy of psychostimulant medication. We hypothesize that kynurenine system plays significant role in pathogenesis of HKS/ADHD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Nebulized 3% Hypertonic Saline versus 0.9% Normal Saline in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khandaker Tarequl Islam ◽  
Abid Hossan Mollah ◽  
Abdul Matin ◽  
Mahmuda Begum
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Acute bronchiolitis is leading cause of hospitalization in infants below 2 years of age. Bronchiolitis being a viral disease, there is no effective treatment. 3% nebulized hypertonic saline and 0.9% nebulized normal saline are often used, although there is disagreement over their efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3% hypertonic saline in children with acute bronchiolitis in reducing clinical severity and length of hospital stay. Methodology: A randomized control trial carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2013 to December 2013.Ninty children from 1 month to 2 years of age hospitalized with clinical bronchiolitis were randomized to receive 3% nebulized hypertonic saline(Group-I) or 0.9% nebulized normal saline (Group-II). Nebulization was done 8 hourly until discharge. Outcome variable were clinical severity score, duration of oxygen therapy and length of hospital stay. Results: Baseline clinical severity score and O2 saturation were in group-I 9.0±1.0 and 94.9±1.7 and in group- II 9.3±1.8 and 94.6±2.6 respectively (p>0.05). At 72 hours, the mean severity score for the group-I was 1.64±0.99 and that for the group-II was 3.0 ± 1.48 (95% CI -2.17 to - 0.53, p=0.002). The cases of group-I required a shorter duration of oxygen therapy compared to those of group-II (15.0±6.0 hours vs 26.4±5.37 hours, 95% CI -20.35 to -2.44, p<0.05). Forty two (93.3%) of the group-I children recovered by the end of72 hours and discharged whereas 26 (57.8%) of the group-II children recovered during the same period (p<0.05). Length of hospital stay was shorter in group-I compared to group-II (58.1±22.0 hours vs 74.7±27.2 hours, 95% CI -26.89 to- 6.17, p=0.002). None of the cases encountered any side-effects. Conclusion: Nebulization with 3% hypertonic saline significantly reduced clinical severity, length of hospital stay and duration of oxygen therapy in case of acute bronchiolitis in comparison to 0.9% normal saline and was safe. Bangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42 (3) :130-137

Antipsychotic Adjuvant Treatment in OCD

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S642-S642
Author(s):  
L. Monte. Reula ◽  
H. Saiz García ◽  
A. Portilla Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Low Mood ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Competing Interest

Antidepressant drugs selective inhibitors of serotonin reuptake (IRS) are the drugs effective in obsessive compulsive disorder. It has not been proven more effective none of them except clomipramine. Around 40–60% of the Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remain unimproved by serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs).Two cases are presented in relation to this disorder and its treatment.Twenty-three year old woman begins to present anhedonia, apathy, isolation and low mood. Treatment was initiated with escitalopram with partial improvement.Obsessive component traitsThirty year old man with obsessive clinic of years of evolution, with worsening in recent months treatment with 200 mg sertraline.In both cases treatment with oral aripiprazole it was associated with a dose of 5 mg daily with improvement in obsessive symptoms.ResultsThe efficacy of aripiprazole as adjunctive drug treatment and obsessive anxiety is observed. However, we must take into account the potential risks posed as neuroleptic malignant syndrome and QTc prolongation.ConclusionAripiprazole is an antipsychotic which has a novel mechanism of action to be a partial agonist of dopamine D2 receptors. This fact has led to its inclusion in the group of antipsychotics called third generation, also called partial dopamine agonists, dopamine stabilizers or “dopamine-serotonin modulators system.” Its most common side effects such as nausea, headaches, agitation and akathisia were observed in studies on schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder. Unlike other atypical antipsychotics, is considered a relatively neutral drug to weight gain, hyperprolactinemia, changes in metabolic parameters and sedation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Association of arterial stiffness burden with anxiety and depression in different stages of hypertension

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S414-S414 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mermerelis ◽  
S.M. Kyvelou ◽  
V. Akke ◽  
C. Papageorgiou ◽  
C. Stefanadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThere has been an attempt to associate anxiety and depression with arterial stiffness. In the present study, we assessed differences in arterial stiffness among 3 groups of hypertensive patients compared to control normotensives as well as possible association with anxiety and depression scoring system.MethodsThe study cohort comprised of 127 patients (75 male, mean age 54 ± 14) who underwent assessment of their blood pressure levels and were divided in four groups: group I (normotensives, n = 34), group II (stage 1 HTN, n = 33), group III (stage 2 HTN, n = 30) and group IV (stage 3 HTN, n = 30). The evaluation of anxiety disorder was made by means of Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), while the evaluation of depression was made with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Arterial stiffness evaluation was done with Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI). Statistical analysis was done with SPSS for windows. P-value was set at 0.05 for differences to be considered significant.ResultsBoth CAVI R and CAVI L indices were significantly higher as the severity of hypertension progressed (P < 0.001). BDI score was significantly correlated with CAVIR (Pearson r = 0.53, P < 0.0001) and CAVI L (Pearson r = 0.39, P < 0.0001). HADS score was also significantly correlated with both CAVIR (Pearson r = 0.53, P < 0.0001) and CAVIL (Pearson r = 0.43, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThere is a burden in the arterial stiffness of this population with the increase of the levels of BP which is not surprising. However, the new finding is that there is a strong correlation with arterial stiffness indices and both anxiety and depression scoring system.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Platelet and Plasma Amine Oxidase Activity in Alcoholic Individuals

1978 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie F. Major ◽  
Dennis L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Platelet Mao ◽  
Plasma Amine Oxidase ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Platelet Mao Activity ◽  
Military Control ◽  
Amine Oxidase Activity

SummaryPlatelet and plasma amine oxidase activity was determined in a group of 99 healthy male (active duty military) alcoholics referred for hospital treatment who had been abstinent from alcohol for 2–10 days, and compared with that of a control military group. Platelet MAO activity was slightly but significantly lower in the alcoholic group. Both groups were significantly lower in MAO activity compared to a group of 42 non-military controls. In the alcoholic group there was no correlation between platelet MAO and severity or chronicity of drinking, nor was there evidence of iron deficiency to account for the lowered MAO activity. When the alcoholic and military control groups were split at the median, the first degree relatives of both the ‘low’ MAO alcoholics and the ‘low’ MAO military controls had a higher incidence of alcoholism than did the relatives of both ‘high’ MAO subgroups. No personal or family history data of alcohol-related problems were available on the non-military control group.

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