Plasma Concentrations Of Endocannabinoids And Congeners In a Primary Care Sample Of Depressed Patients: Influence Of Biological Variables, Severity And Antidepressant Medication

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S422-S423
Author(s):  
P. Romero-Sanchiz ◽  
R. Nogueira-Arjona ◽  
F. Mayoral-Cleríes ◽  
F. Rivas-Guerrero ◽  
P. Araos-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionEndocannabinoid system has been highlighted as one of the most relevant research topics by neurobiologists, pharmacists, basic scientists and clinicians. The association between endocannabinoids and its congeners and mood disorders is relatively recent. However, evidence from both clinical and preclinical studies is increasing and many researchers point out endocannabinoid system and particularly endocannabinoids and congeners as promising pharmacological targets.Aims and objectivesThe main objective of this study is to compare the plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and congeners between a sample of patients with depression and a sample of control subjects, and the influence of variables such as age, body mass index, gender, severity of symptoms, and antidepressant medication.MethodPlasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and congeners will be analyzed in 69 patients with depression from primary care and 47 controls using mass spectrometry analysis.ResultsStatistically significant differences in 2-arachidonoylglycerol and monoacylglycerols were found between both samples. Somatic symptoms of depression seems to be more related to these compounds that to cognitive-affective symptoms. In addition, differences between mildly and moderately depressed patients were found in concentrations of AEA, LEA, DGLEA and POEA. Patients with antidepressant medication showed higher levels of 2-AG, DGLEA and OEA.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that in depression there is a dysregulation of the inflammatory signaling and, consequently the immune system. The results of this study could also support the realization of translational research to better understand the mechanisms of this widely distributed system.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Association of vitamin D3 and its metabolites in patients with and without type 2 diabetes and their relationship to diabetes complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204062232092415
Author(s):  
Alexandra E. Butler ◽  
Soha R. Dargham ◽  
Aishah Latif ◽  
Haira R. Mokhtar ◽  
Amal Robay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D

Background: Epidemiological studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and is related to diabetes complications. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between diabetes complications and cardiovascular risk factors with vitamin D3 and its metabolites: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3); and 25-hydroxy-3epi-vitamin D3 (3epi25(OH)D3). Methods: 750 Qatari subjects, 460 (61.3%) with and 290 (38.7%) without T2DM, who were not taking vitamin D3 supplements, participated in this cross-sectional, observational study. Plasma concentrations of vitamin D3 and its metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Results: T2DM subjects had lower concentrations of all vitamin D3 metabolites ( p < 0.001) except 3epi25(OH)D3 ( p < 0.071). Males had higher concentrations of all vitamin D3 metabolites ( p < 0.001). In the T2DM subjects, lower 25(OH)D3 was associated with retinopathy ( p < 0.03) and dyslipidemia ( p < 0.04), but not neuropathy or vascular complications; lower 1,25(OH)2D3 was associated with hypertension ( p < 0.009), dyslipidemia ( p < 0.003) and retinopathy ( p < 0.006), and coronary artery disease ( p < 0.012), but not neuropathy; lower 24,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were associated with dyslipidemia alone ( p < 0.019); 3epi25(OH)D3 associated with diabetic neuropathy alone ( p < 0.029). In nondiabetics, 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 were associated with dyslipidemia ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.015, respectively) and lower 1,25(OH)2D3 was associated with hypertension ( p < 0.001). Spearman’s correlation showed 1,25(OH)2D3 to be negatively correlated to age and diabetes duration. Conclusions: Different diabetes complications were associated with differing vitamin D parameters, with diabetic retinopathy related to lower 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels, hypertension significantly associated with lower 1,25(OH)2D3, while dyslipidemia was associated with lower 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3. While 25(OH)D metabolites were lower in females, there was not an exaggeration in complications.

scholarly journals Assessing Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication by Means of Dose-Dependent Reference Plasma Concentration Ranges and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Lea Wagmann ◽  
Aline C. Vollmer ◽  
Lucas Lauder ◽  
Felix Mahfoud ◽  
Markus R. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ion Trap ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Urine Screening ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Dose Dependent

Poor adherence to antihypertensive drug therapy is a well-recognized problem and can be assessed by mass spectrometry-based analyses of body fluids. However, contrary statements exist whether drug quantification in blood or qualitative screening in urine is more suitable. The present pilot study aimed to further elucidate the power of blood plasma drug concentrations for adherence monitoring by developing and validating a quantification procedure for nine antihypertensive drugs (amlodipine, bisoprolol, candesartan, canrenone, carvedilol, metoprolol, olmesartan, torasemide, and valsartan) in blood plasma using liquid–liquid extraction and an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry analysis. The procedure should then be used for an adherence assessment and compared with the results of an established qualitative urine screening. Selectivity, carryover, matrix effect, accuracy, precision, dilution integrity, and stability were successfully validated, except for amlodipine. The applicability was demonstrated by analyzing 19 plasma samples containing 28 antihypertensive drugs and comparing the measured concentrations with calculated dose-dependent reference plasma concentration ranges. The interpretation of plasma concentrations was found to be more sophisticated and time-consuming than that of urine screening results, and adherence could not be assessed in two cases (10%) due to measured plasma concentrations below the lower limit of quantification. However, 14 out of 19 subjects were classified as adherent (75%) and three as nonadherent (15%), in contrast to 19 (100%) that were claimed to be adherent based on the results of the qualitative urine screening. Nevertheless, further data is needed to estimate whether plasma quantification is superior in terms of assessing adherence to antihypertensive medication.

scholarly journals Phytanic acid: measurement of plasma concentrations by gas–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and associations with diet and other plasma fatty acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi E. Allen ◽  
Philip B. Grace ◽  
Annette Ginn ◽  
Ruth C. Travis ◽  
Andrew W. Roddam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Phytanic Acid ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk

Epidemiological data suggest that a diet rich in animal foods may be associated with an increased risk of several cancers, including cancers of the prostate, colorectum and breast, but the possible mechanism is unclear. It is hypothesised that phytanic acid, a C20 branched-chain fatty acid found predominantly in foods from ruminant animals, may be involved in early cancer development because it has been shown to up regulate activity of α-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, an enzyme commonly found to be over-expressed in tumour cells compared with normal tissue. However, little is known about the distribution of plasma phytanic acid concentrations or its dietary determinants in the general population. The primary aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine circulating phytanic acid concentrations among ninety-six meat-eating, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and vegan women, aged 20–69 years, recruited into the Oxford component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Oxford). Meat-eaters had, on average, a 6.7-fold higher geometric mean plasma phytanic acid concentration than the vegans (5·77 v. 0·86 μmol/l; P < 0·0001) and a 47 % higher mean concentration than the vegetarians (5·77 v. 3·93 μmol/l; P = 0·016). The strongest determinant of plasma phytanic acid concentration appeared to be dairy fat intake (r 0·68; P < 0·0001); phytanic acid levels were not associated with age or other lifestyle factors. These data show that a diet high in fat from dairy products is associated with increased plasma phytanic acid concentration, which may play a role in cancer development.

scholarly journals Astaxanthin Levels Are Higher in Fresh Salmon Compared to Canned and Pouch Varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
Aimee Sutliff ◽  
Lauren O'Connor ◽  
Audrey Hendrick ◽  
Minghua Tang ◽  
Kevin Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon

Abstract Objectives Astaxanthin, a predominately marine-source carotenoid, is the subject of a large number of studies for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Astaxanthin is not generally a primary carotenoid in human plasma due to relatively low dietary intake. Salmon is the one of the few dietary sources of astaxanthin in typical American diets and the concentration may vary by the source of salmon foods. A study was performed to 1) Compare astaxanthin concentration in various sources of salmon; 2) Compare astaxanthin plasma concentrations before and after salmon consumption. Methods An assortment of salmon types and forms was purchased in the greater Denver, CO region: wild Pacific, farmed Atlantic, canned and pouch. Plasma samples were collected from five participants prior to and after a five week Mediterranean diet intervention study, which included two servings of salmon per week. Salmon samples were freeze-dried, then both salmon (in triplicate) and plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction for untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. An accurate mass and retention time database was used to identify and quantify astaxanthin. ANOVA with Tukey multiple testing corrections was used to assess the relationship between astaxanthin and the different salmon products, and paired t-tests for astaxanthin in plasma. Results Astaxanthin concentration was significantly higher in fresh salmon compared to pouch packaged (23.0-fold; P = 1.70e-04) and canned (34.9-fold; P = 1.23e-08). Interestingly, astaxanthin levels were similar between fresh wild Pacific and fresh farmed Atlantic salmon (0.91-fold, P = 0.82) and by mode of cooking (i.e., fresh, cooked, frozen; P = 0.81). Astaxanthin concentration in plasma was significantly increased after farmed Atlantic salmon consumption (1.98-fold, P = 6.16e-09). Conclusions Our data suggest that astaxanthin concentration varies among different processed salmon products compared to wild and farmed salmon. After salmon consumption, plasma astaxanthin concentration increased and may have potential as a biomarker of salmon consumption. Funding Sources National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

Spectrophotometry Measurement of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hamilton Harbour Sediments

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.P. Murphy ◽  
H. Brouwer ◽  
M.E. Fox ◽  
E. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Hamilton Harbour

Abstract Eighty-one sediment cores were collected to determine the extent of coal tar contamination in a toxic area of Hamilton Harbour. Over 800 samples were analyzed by a UV spectrophotometric technique that was standardized with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. The coal tar distribution was variable. The highest concentrations were near the Stelco outfalls and the Hamilton-Wentworth combined sewer outfalls. The total concentration of the 16 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 48,300 m3 of near-surface sediments exceeded 200 µg/g.

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