scholarly journals Phytanic acid: measurement of plasma concentrations by gas–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and associations with diet and other plasma fatty acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi E. Allen ◽  
Philip B. Grace ◽  
Annette Ginn ◽  
Ruth C. Travis ◽  
Andrew W. Roddam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Phytanic Acid ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk

Epidemiological data suggest that a diet rich in animal foods may be associated with an increased risk of several cancers, including cancers of the prostate, colorectum and breast, but the possible mechanism is unclear. It is hypothesised that phytanic acid, a C20 branched-chain fatty acid found predominantly in foods from ruminant animals, may be involved in early cancer development because it has been shown to up regulate activity of α-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, an enzyme commonly found to be over-expressed in tumour cells compared with normal tissue. However, little is known about the distribution of plasma phytanic acid concentrations or its dietary determinants in the general population. The primary aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine circulating phytanic acid concentrations among ninety-six meat-eating, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and vegan women, aged 20–69 years, recruited into the Oxford component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Oxford). Meat-eaters had, on average, a 6.7-fold higher geometric mean plasma phytanic acid concentration than the vegans (5·77 v. 0·86 μmol/l; P < 0·0001) and a 47 % higher mean concentration than the vegetarians (5·77 v. 3·93 μmol/l; P = 0·016). The strongest determinant of plasma phytanic acid concentration appeared to be dairy fat intake (r 0·68; P < 0·0001); phytanic acid levels were not associated with age or other lifestyle factors. These data show that a diet high in fat from dairy products is associated with increased plasma phytanic acid concentration, which may play a role in cancer development.

scholarly journals Association of vitamin D3 and its metabolites in patients with and without type 2 diabetes and their relationship to diabetes complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204062232092415
Author(s):  
Alexandra E. Butler ◽  
Soha R. Dargham ◽  
Aishah Latif ◽  
Haira R. Mokhtar ◽  
Amal Robay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D

Background: Epidemiological studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and is related to diabetes complications. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between diabetes complications and cardiovascular risk factors with vitamin D3 and its metabolites: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3); and 25-hydroxy-3epi-vitamin D3 (3epi25(OH)D3). Methods: 750 Qatari subjects, 460 (61.3%) with and 290 (38.7%) without T2DM, who were not taking vitamin D3 supplements, participated in this cross-sectional, observational study. Plasma concentrations of vitamin D3 and its metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Results: T2DM subjects had lower concentrations of all vitamin D3 metabolites ( p < 0.001) except 3epi25(OH)D3 ( p < 0.071). Males had higher concentrations of all vitamin D3 metabolites ( p < 0.001). In the T2DM subjects, lower 25(OH)D3 was associated with retinopathy ( p < 0.03) and dyslipidemia ( p < 0.04), but not neuropathy or vascular complications; lower 1,25(OH)2D3 was associated with hypertension ( p < 0.009), dyslipidemia ( p < 0.003) and retinopathy ( p < 0.006), and coronary artery disease ( p < 0.012), but not neuropathy; lower 24,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were associated with dyslipidemia alone ( p < 0.019); 3epi25(OH)D3 associated with diabetic neuropathy alone ( p < 0.029). In nondiabetics, 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 were associated with dyslipidemia ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.015, respectively) and lower 1,25(OH)2D3 was associated with hypertension ( p < 0.001). Spearman’s correlation showed 1,25(OH)2D3 to be negatively correlated to age and diabetes duration. Conclusions: Different diabetes complications were associated with differing vitamin D parameters, with diabetic retinopathy related to lower 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels, hypertension significantly associated with lower 1,25(OH)2D3, while dyslipidemia was associated with lower 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3. While 25(OH)D metabolites were lower in females, there was not an exaggeration in complications.

Plasma Concentrations Of Endocannabinoids And Congeners In a Primary Care Sample Of Depressed Patients: Influence Of Biological Variables, Severity And Antidepressant Medication

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S422-S423
Author(s):  
P. Romero-Sanchiz ◽  
R. Nogueira-Arjona ◽  
F. Mayoral-Cleríes ◽  
F. Rivas-Guerrero ◽  
P. Araos-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionEndocannabinoid system has been highlighted as one of the most relevant research topics by neurobiologists, pharmacists, basic scientists and clinicians. The association between endocannabinoids and its congeners and mood disorders is relatively recent. However, evidence from both clinical and preclinical studies is increasing and many researchers point out endocannabinoid system and particularly endocannabinoids and congeners as promising pharmacological targets.Aims and objectivesThe main objective of this study is to compare the plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and congeners between a sample of patients with depression and a sample of control subjects, and the influence of variables such as age, body mass index, gender, severity of symptoms, and antidepressant medication.MethodPlasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and congeners will be analyzed in 69 patients with depression from primary care and 47 controls using mass spectrometry analysis.ResultsStatistically significant differences in 2-arachidonoylglycerol and monoacylglycerols were found between both samples. Somatic symptoms of depression seems to be more related to these compounds that to cognitive-affective symptoms. In addition, differences between mildly and moderately depressed patients were found in concentrations of AEA, LEA, DGLEA and POEA. Patients with antidepressant medication showed higher levels of 2-AG, DGLEA and OEA.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that in depression there is a dysregulation of the inflammatory signaling and, consequently the immune system. The results of this study could also support the realization of translational research to better understand the mechanisms of this widely distributed system.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Rifampin in Peruvian Tuberculosis Patients with and without Comorbid Diabetes or HIV

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 2357-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Requena-Méndez ◽  
Geraint Davies ◽  
Alison Ardrey ◽  
Oswaldo Jave ◽  
Sonia L. López-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Study Population

ABSTRACTFor drug-compliant patients, poor responses to tuberculosis (TB) treatment might be attributable to subtherapeutic drug concentrations. An impaired absorption of rifampin was previously reported for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or HIV. The objectives of this study were to determine whether TB drug pharmacokinetics differed in Peruvian TB patients with DM or HIV. In this cross-sectional study, TB patients, recruited from health centers in Lima, Peru, had blood samples taken at 2 and 6 h after directly observed TB drug ingestion, to determine plasma concentrations of rifampin. Of 105 patients, 50 had TB without a comorbidity, 26 had coexistent DM, and 29 had coexistent HIV. Unexpectedly, the overall median 2- and 6-h levels of rifampin were 1.6 and 3.2 mg/liter, respectively, and the time to the peak concentration was 6 h (slow absorber) instead of 2 h (fast absorber) for 61 patients (62.2%). The geometric mean peak concentration of drug in serum (Cmax) was significantly higher in fast absorbers than in slow absorbers (5.0 versus 3.8 mg/liter;P= 0.05). The rifampinCmaxwas significantly lower in male patients than in female patients (3.3 versus 6.3 mg/liter;P< 0.001). Neither slow nor fast absorbers with comorbidities (DM or HIV) had significantly differentCmaxresults compared to those of TB patients without comorbidities. An analysis of variance regression analysis showed that female gender (P< 0.001) and the time to maximum concentration of drug in serum (Tmax) at 2 h (P= 0.012) were independently correlated with increased exposure to rifampin. Most of this Peruvian study population exhibited rifampin pharmacokinetics different from those conventionally reported, with delayed absorption and low plasma concentrations, independent of the presence of an HIV or DM comorbidity.

scholarly journals Amino acid intake and plasma concentrations and their interplay with gut microbiota in vegans and omnivores in Germany

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Dietrich ◽  
Iris Trefflich ◽  
Per Magne Ueland ◽  
Juliane Menzel ◽  
Katharina J. Penczynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Amino Acid Intake

Abstract Purpose It has been estimated that most vegans meet the total protein requirements, but whether this is also true for individual essential amino acids (AAs) is unclear. Furthermore, a shift in protein intake is suggested to alter microbiota composition, but this association is unknown in terms of veganism or individual AAs. This cross-sectional study compared vegans and omnivores regarding dietary intake and plasma concentration of AAs. The prevalence of insufficient intake of essential AAs among vegans was determined using estimated average requirements (EAR) of WHO. Moreover, correlations between AAs intake and gut microbiota were investigated. Methods Data of 36 vegans and 36 omnivores (30–60 years) were analysed. AA intake, AA plasma concentrations and gut microbiota were ascertained by three-day weighed food protocols, gas/liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively. Results At almost the same energy intake, the intake of 9 AAs in vegans was significantly lower than in omnivores, with median differences of − 27.0% to − 51.9%. However, only one female vegan showed total protein and lysine intake below the EAR. Vegans showed lower lysine (− 25.0%), but higher glycine (+ 25.4%) and glutamate (+ 13.1%) plasma concentrations than omnivores. Correlation patterns between AA intake and bacterial microbiota differed between vegans and omnivores. In vegans 19 species and in omnivores 5 species showed correlations with AA intake. Conclusion Vegans consumed apparently sufficient but lower AAs than omnivores. In addition, the different AAs intake seems to influence the microbiota composition. The use of short-term dietary data without considering usual intake limits these findings.

scholarly journals Altered protein O-GlcNAcylation in placentas from mothers with diabetes causes aberrant endocytosis in placental trophoblast cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Palin ◽  
Matthew Russell ◽  
Robert Graham ◽  
John D. Aplin ◽  
Melissa Westwood
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Regulate Protein

AbstractWomen with pre-existing diabetes have an increased risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, including disordered fetal growth, caused by changes to placental function. Here we investigate the possibility that the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, which utilises cellular nutrients to regulate protein function via post-translationally modification with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), mediates the placental response to the maternal metabolic milieu. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the placental O-GlcNAcome is altered in women with type 1 (n = 6) or type 2 (n = 6) diabetes T2D (≥ twofold change in abundance in 162 and 165 GlcNAcylated proteins respectively compared to BMI-matched controls n = 11). Ingenuity pathway analysis indicated changes to clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and CME-associated proteins, clathrin, Transferrin (TF), TF receptor and multiple Rabs, were identified as O-GlcNAcylation targets. Stimulating protein O-GlcNAcylation using glucosamine (2.5 mM) increased the rate of TF endocytosis by human placental cells (p = 0.02) and explants (p = 0.04). Differential GlcNAcylation of CME proteins suggests altered transfer of cargo by placentas of women with pre-gestational diabetes, which may contribute to alterations in fetal growth. The human placental O-GlcNAcome provides a resource to aid further investigation of molecular mechanisms governing placental nutrient sensing.

METABOLITES OF LYNESTRENOL ACETATE IN THE BILE OF RATS AFTER INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION; A COMPARISON WITH LYNESTRENOL

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Coert ◽  
J. Geelen ◽  
J. van der Vies
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Acetate Group ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
List Type ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

ABSTRACT Some aspects of the metabolism of lynestrenol acetate, an orally active contraceptive compound, were studied in female rats. Lynestrenol acetate is stable in gastric and intestinal juice in vitro. After intravenous administration of lynestrenol acetate and lynestrenol with a 14C label in the nucleus approximately 40 % of the administered radioactivity was excreted in the bile within 90 min. After administration of lynestrenol acetate labelled in the ester group, 6% of the radioactivity was found in the bile. This means that the greater part of the lynestrenol acetate had lost its acetate group during the process of metabolism. There was an important difference between the autoradiograms of the thin layer patterns of post-hydrolysis extracts after administration of [4-14C]lynestrenol acetate and those after administration of [1′-14C]lynestrenol acetate and [4-14C]lynestrenol: the major metabolite of [4-14C]-lynestrenol acetate did not appear on the autoradiograms of [1′-14C]lynestrenol acetate and [4-14C] lynestrenol. This indicates that lynestrenol acetate was altered in the nucleus in the presence of the acetate group. The acetate group itself was removed, either when the alteration took place, or after it had been completed. The results of IR, NMR and mass spectrometry analysis indicate the introduction of a 15α hydroxyl group. Results of gas-liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography indicate that a second important metabolite is 19-nor-17α-pregn-20-yne-3α, 17β-diol. The main conclusions are: A part of the lynestrenol acetate is metabolized and excreted in the bile, the acetate group still being present. Lynestrenol acetate is to some extent metabolized via another pathway than lynestrenol. This indicates that esterification of a steroid can lead to deviation from the metabolic pathway of the free original steroid.

scholarly journals 5-cis-, Trans- and Total Lycopene Plasma Concentrations Inversely Relate to Atherosclerotic Plaque Burden in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Subjects

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Chiva-Blanch ◽  
Claudia Jiménez ◽  
Montserrat Pinyol ◽  
Zoe Herreras ◽  
Marta Catalán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Atheroma Plaque

Diabetic subjects are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis, the common soil of most of the cardiovascular complications, is more prevalent and extensive in this population due not only to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, but also to inflammation and oxidative stress. Lycopenes are bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities mostly supplied by tomato and tomato byproducts. We investigated the association between circulating lycopenes and carotid plaque burden in diabetic patients, in a cross-sectional study in 105 newly diagnosed diabetic subjects. Atheroma plaque (wall thickness ≥ 1.5 mm), number of plaques, and plaque burden (sum of maximum heights of all plaques) were assessed by sonographic evaluation of carotid arteries. Plasma lycopenes (5-cis-, 9-cis-, 13-cis-, and trans-lycopene) were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry HPLC-MS. Atheroma plaque was observed in 75 participants, from which 38 presented one plaque and 37 two or more carotid plaques. No differences were observed in the plasmatic concentrations of lycopenes between subjects with and without atherosclerotic plaque presence. However, plaque burden was inversely associated with 5-cis-lycopene, all cis-lycopene isomers, trans-lycopene, and total lycopene isomers (all, p < 0.05). High plasma levels of lycopenes inversely relate to atherosclerotic burden. We provide novel evidence that suggests that the consumption of compounds found in tomato and tomato byproducts might be beneficial for the prevention of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Assessing Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication by Means of Dose-Dependent Reference Plasma Concentration Ranges and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Lea Wagmann ◽  
Aline C. Vollmer ◽  
Lucas Lauder ◽  
Felix Mahfoud ◽  
Markus R. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ion Trap ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Urine Screening ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Dose Dependent

Poor adherence to antihypertensive drug therapy is a well-recognized problem and can be assessed by mass spectrometry-based analyses of body fluids. However, contrary statements exist whether drug quantification in blood or qualitative screening in urine is more suitable. The present pilot study aimed to further elucidate the power of blood plasma drug concentrations for adherence monitoring by developing and validating a quantification procedure for nine antihypertensive drugs (amlodipine, bisoprolol, candesartan, canrenone, carvedilol, metoprolol, olmesartan, torasemide, and valsartan) in blood plasma using liquid–liquid extraction and an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry analysis. The procedure should then be used for an adherence assessment and compared with the results of an established qualitative urine screening. Selectivity, carryover, matrix effect, accuracy, precision, dilution integrity, and stability were successfully validated, except for amlodipine. The applicability was demonstrated by analyzing 19 plasma samples containing 28 antihypertensive drugs and comparing the measured concentrations with calculated dose-dependent reference plasma concentration ranges. The interpretation of plasma concentrations was found to be more sophisticated and time-consuming than that of urine screening results, and adherence could not be assessed in two cases (10%) due to measured plasma concentrations below the lower limit of quantification. However, 14 out of 19 subjects were classified as adherent (75%) and three as nonadherent (15%), in contrast to 19 (100%) that were claimed to be adherent based on the results of the qualitative urine screening. Nevertheless, further data is needed to estimate whether plasma quantification is superior in terms of assessing adherence to antihypertensive medication.

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