scholarly journals Astaxanthin Levels Are Higher in Fresh Salmon Compared to Canned and Pouch Varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
Aimee Sutliff ◽  
Lauren O'Connor ◽  
Audrey Hendrick ◽  
Minghua Tang ◽  
Kevin Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon

Abstract Objectives Astaxanthin, a predominately marine-source carotenoid, is the subject of a large number of studies for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Astaxanthin is not generally a primary carotenoid in human plasma due to relatively low dietary intake. Salmon is the one of the few dietary sources of astaxanthin in typical American diets and the concentration may vary by the source of salmon foods. A study was performed to 1) Compare astaxanthin concentration in various sources of salmon; 2) Compare astaxanthin plasma concentrations before and after salmon consumption. Methods An assortment of salmon types and forms was purchased in the greater Denver, CO region: wild Pacific, farmed Atlantic, canned and pouch. Plasma samples were collected from five participants prior to and after a five week Mediterranean diet intervention study, which included two servings of salmon per week. Salmon samples were freeze-dried, then both salmon (in triplicate) and plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction for untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. An accurate mass and retention time database was used to identify and quantify astaxanthin. ANOVA with Tukey multiple testing corrections was used to assess the relationship between astaxanthin and the different salmon products, and paired t-tests for astaxanthin in plasma. Results Astaxanthin concentration was significantly higher in fresh salmon compared to pouch packaged (23.0-fold; P = 1.70e-04) and canned (34.9-fold; P = 1.23e-08). Interestingly, astaxanthin levels were similar between fresh wild Pacific and fresh farmed Atlantic salmon (0.91-fold, P = 0.82) and by mode of cooking (i.e., fresh, cooked, frozen; P = 0.81). Astaxanthin concentration in plasma was significantly increased after farmed Atlantic salmon consumption (1.98-fold, P = 6.16e-09). Conclusions Our data suggest that astaxanthin concentration varies among different processed salmon products compared to wild and farmed salmon. After salmon consumption, plasma astaxanthin concentration increased and may have potential as a biomarker of salmon consumption. Funding Sources National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

scholarly journals Targeted proteomics analysis of plasma proteins using recombinant protein standards for addition only workflows

BioTechniques ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kotol ◽  
Andreas Hober ◽  
Linnéa Strandberg ◽  
Anne-Sophie Svensson ◽  
Mathias Uhlén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Targeted Proteomics ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Absolute Concentrations

Targeted proteomics is an attractive approach for the analysis of blood proteins. Here, we describe a novel analytical platform based on isotope-labeled recombinant protein standards stored in a chaotropic agent and subsequently dried down to allow storage at ambient temperature. This enables a straightforward protocol suitable for robotic workstations. Plasma samples to be analyzed are simply added to the dried pellet followed by enzymatic treatment and mass spectrometry analysis. Here, we show that this approach can be used to precisely (coefficient of variation <10%) determine the absolute concentrations in human plasma of hundred clinically relevant protein targets, spanning four orders of magnitude, using simultaneous analysis of 292 peptides. The use of this next-generation analytical platform for high-throughput clinical proteome profiling is discussed.

scholarly journals Association of vitamin D3 and its metabolites in patients with and without type 2 diabetes and their relationship to diabetes complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204062232092415
Author(s):  
Alexandra E. Butler ◽  
Soha R. Dargham ◽  
Aishah Latif ◽  
Haira R. Mokhtar ◽  
Amal Robay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D

Background: Epidemiological studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and is related to diabetes complications. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between diabetes complications and cardiovascular risk factors with vitamin D3 and its metabolites: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3); and 25-hydroxy-3epi-vitamin D3 (3epi25(OH)D3). Methods: 750 Qatari subjects, 460 (61.3%) with and 290 (38.7%) without T2DM, who were not taking vitamin D3 supplements, participated in this cross-sectional, observational study. Plasma concentrations of vitamin D3 and its metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Results: T2DM subjects had lower concentrations of all vitamin D3 metabolites ( p < 0.001) except 3epi25(OH)D3 ( p < 0.071). Males had higher concentrations of all vitamin D3 metabolites ( p < 0.001). In the T2DM subjects, lower 25(OH)D3 was associated with retinopathy ( p < 0.03) and dyslipidemia ( p < 0.04), but not neuropathy or vascular complications; lower 1,25(OH)2D3 was associated with hypertension ( p < 0.009), dyslipidemia ( p < 0.003) and retinopathy ( p < 0.006), and coronary artery disease ( p < 0.012), but not neuropathy; lower 24,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were associated with dyslipidemia alone ( p < 0.019); 3epi25(OH)D3 associated with diabetic neuropathy alone ( p < 0.029). In nondiabetics, 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 were associated with dyslipidemia ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.015, respectively) and lower 1,25(OH)2D3 was associated with hypertension ( p < 0.001). Spearman’s correlation showed 1,25(OH)2D3 to be negatively correlated to age and diabetes duration. Conclusions: Different diabetes complications were associated with differing vitamin D parameters, with diabetic retinopathy related to lower 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels, hypertension significantly associated with lower 1,25(OH)2D3, while dyslipidemia was associated with lower 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3. While 25(OH)D metabolites were lower in females, there was not an exaggeration in complications.

scholarly journals Monitoring the incidence of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in rivers and fisheries of the United Kingdom and Ireland: current progress and recommendations for future programmes

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1201-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Walker ◽  
Malcolm C.M. Beveridge ◽  
Walter Crozier ◽  
Niall Ó Maoiléidigh ◽  
Nigel Milner
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Farming Industry

Abstract An inevitable consequence of the development of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., farming industry in coastal waters of the British Isles has been the loss of farmed salmon to the wild, their occurrence in inshore waters and rivers, and their appearance in coastal and freshwater fisheries. Monitoring programmes have been developed throughout the British Isles, variously using scientific sampling, catch records from coastal or freshwater fisheries or both, and scientific sampling of catches from in-river traps. We compare the results of these monitoring programmes with regional production and the numbers of escapees reported from marine fish farms. We also consider the effectiveness of the programmes for assessing the prevalence of farmed salmon that escape from marine cages. Finally, we make recommendations for improvements to these programmes and for the development of best practice, including the scientific sampling of in-river spawning stocks through fishery-independent sources, identification of fish origin based on at least two methods, assessment of the degree of incorrect classification, and the timely and accurate reporting of all escapes.

scholarly journals Widespread genetic introgression of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon in wild salmon populations

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2488-2498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten Karlsson ◽  
Ola H. Diserud ◽  
Peder Fiske ◽  
Kjetil Hindar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon ◽  
High Level

Abstract Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) escape from net pens and enter rivers to spawn, potentially resulting in genetic introgression and reduced fitness of wild salmon. Here, we quantify genetic introgression of farmed to wild salmon, using molecular genetic markers, in populations from 147 salmon rivers, representing three-quarters of the total wild salmon spawning population in Norway. For 109 rivers with adult modern samples and sample sizes of 20 or more, the average level of farmed genetic introgression was 6.4% (median = 2.3%), with a range between 0.0% and 42.2%. Fifty-one of these rivers showed significant farmed genetic introgression when compared with historical reference samples. We observed a highly significant correlation between estimated farmed introgression and average proportion of escaped farmed salmon. We quantify levels of introgression as unweighted averages or weighted by population sizes, to compare geographical regions and to compare levels of introgression in rivers and fjords designated as locations deserving a high level of protection. We found a generally lower level of introgression in National Salmon Rivers and National Salmon Fjords subjected to formal protection by parliament. We conclude that farmed to wild genetic introgression is high in a large proportion of Norwegian salmon rivers, with the highest levels found in the most intensive areas of salmon farming. The extensive genetic introgression documented here poses a serious challenge to the management of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon in Norway and, in all likelihood, in other regions where farmed-salmon escape events occur with regularity

Presence of orally administered rice bran oil γ-oryzanol in its intact form in mouse plasma

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4816-4822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Kobayashi ◽  
Junya Ito ◽  
Shunji Kato ◽  
Kazue Sawada ◽  
Midori Matsuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Mouse Plasma ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rice Oil

We prepared OZ concentrate from purified rice bran oil (Rice Oil OZ) and carried out chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plasma samples from mice after oral administration of the Rice Oil OZ.

scholarly journals Relationships between the frequency of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in wild salmon populations and fish farming activity in Norway, 1989–2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1182-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peder Fiske ◽  
Roar A. Lund ◽  
Lars P. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
County Level ◽  
Salmon Farming ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Catch Statistics ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In Norway, there have been restrictions on salmon farming in several fjords to reduce the potential negative impact on important stocks of wild Atlantic salmon. Little is known about the incidence of escaped farmed salmon in fisheries and broodstocks relative to the extent of fish farming in nearby areas. In this study, we analysed data on the incidence of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon in angling catches and broodstock fisheries in rivers for a 16-year period (1989–2004). These data were weighted using official catch statistics and combined at the county level, and the incidence of escapees was correlated with both the stock of farmed salmon in net pens and the reported number of escapees in different Norwegian counties. Our results indicate a significant positive correlation between the incidence of escaped farmed salmon in the rivers at the county level and the intensity of salmon farming, measured as the number of farmed salmon in net pens, suggesting that protection areas may reduce the impact of escapees in salmon populations nearby.

scholarly journals Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in MIR143 Contribute to Protection Against Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) in Caucasian Populations

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Bradshaw ◽  
Larisa M. Haupt ◽  
Eunise M. Aquino ◽  
Rodney A. Lea ◽  
Heidi G. Sutherland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Significant Snps ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Reduced Risk

Recent studies show an association of microRNA (miRNA) polymorphisms (miRSNPs) in different cancer types, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The identification of miRSNPs that are associated with NHL susceptibility may provide biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis for patients who may not respond well to current treatment options, including the immunochemotherapy drug combination that includes rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisome (R-CHOP). We developed a panel of miRSNPs for genotyping while using multiplex PCR and chip-based mass spectrometry analysis in an Australian NHL case-control population (300 cases, 140 controls). Statistical association with NHL susceptibility was performed while using Chi-square (χ2) and logistic regression analysis. We identified three SNPs in MIR143 that are to be significantly associated with reduced risk of NHL: rs3733846 (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 0.54 [0.33 – 0.86], p = 0.010), rs41291957 (OR [95% CI] = 0.61 [0.39 – 0.94], p = 0.024), and rs17723799 (OR [95% CI] = 0.43 [0.26 – 0.71], p = 0.0009). One SNP, rs17723799, remained significant after correction for multiple testing (p = 0.015). Subsequently, we investigated an association between the rs17723799 genotype and phenotype by measuring target gene Hexokinase 2 (HKII) expression in cancer cell lines and controls. Our study is the first to report a correlation between miRSNPs in MIR143 and a reduced risk of NHL in Caucasians, and it is supported by significant SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) in a large European NHL genome wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis.

Plasma Concentrations Of Endocannabinoids And Congeners In a Primary Care Sample Of Depressed Patients: Influence Of Biological Variables, Severity And Antidepressant Medication

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S422-S423
Author(s):  
P. Romero-Sanchiz ◽  
R. Nogueira-Arjona ◽  
F. Mayoral-Cleríes ◽  
F. Rivas-Guerrero ◽  
P. Araos-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionEndocannabinoid system has been highlighted as one of the most relevant research topics by neurobiologists, pharmacists, basic scientists and clinicians. The association between endocannabinoids and its congeners and mood disorders is relatively recent. However, evidence from both clinical and preclinical studies is increasing and many researchers point out endocannabinoid system and particularly endocannabinoids and congeners as promising pharmacological targets.Aims and objectivesThe main objective of this study is to compare the plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and congeners between a sample of patients with depression and a sample of control subjects, and the influence of variables such as age, body mass index, gender, severity of symptoms, and antidepressant medication.MethodPlasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and congeners will be analyzed in 69 patients with depression from primary care and 47 controls using mass spectrometry analysis.ResultsStatistically significant differences in 2-arachidonoylglycerol and monoacylglycerols were found between both samples. Somatic symptoms of depression seems to be more related to these compounds that to cognitive-affective symptoms. In addition, differences between mildly and moderately depressed patients were found in concentrations of AEA, LEA, DGLEA and POEA. Patients with antidepressant medication showed higher levels of 2-AG, DGLEA and OEA.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that in depression there is a dysregulation of the inflammatory signaling and, consequently the immune system. The results of this study could also support the realization of translational research to better understand the mechanisms of this widely distributed system.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Elevated Plasma Levels of Crosslinked Fibrinogen Gamma-chain Dimer Indicate Cancer-related Fibrin Deposition and Fibrinolysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (03) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Steinkellner ◽  
Klaus Holzmann ◽  
Andrea Gsur ◽  
Rudolf Grimm ◽  
Christian Ensinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumor ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Gamma Chain ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Chain Dimer ◽  
Potential Marker

SummaryCancer-related fibrin deposition and fibrinolysis were investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of human solid tumor and effusion specimen in addition to plasma samples. Fibrinogen gamma-chain dimer indicating fibrin deposition and plasmin-generated fibrinogen beta-chain fragments were identified in various solid tumor types by amino acid sequencing, mass spectrometry analysis and Western blotting. In tumor-associated effusions, these techniques allowed to observe plasmin-generated fragments of fibrinogen alpha, beta and gamma-chains in addition to elevated levels of acute-phase proteins. Similar observations were made in case of inflammation-associated effusions. No fibrin degradation product was observed in plasma samples, however, high amounts of fibrinogen gamma-chain dimer crosslinked by transglutaminase were detected in plasma from tumor patients, but not in plasma from controls and patients suffering acute infections and/or inflammations. This finding demonstrated that high transglutaminase activity may be associated with cancer. The presented data indicate that the amount of crosslinked fibrinogen gamma-chain dimer in plasma may correlate with tumor-associated fibrin deposition. The tumor-biological relevance of this potential marker protein is discussed.

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