How do social cognition dimensions relate to DSM-5 dimensions of psychosis?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s241-s241
Author(s):  
A. Arous ◽  
J. Mrizak ◽  
R. Trabelsi ◽  
A. Aissa ◽  
H. Ben Ammar ◽  
...  

IntroductionExisting research shows that individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) show substantial deficits in social cognitive domains, including facial emotion recognition (FER), empathy, and Theory of Mind (ToM). Their exact relationship with the different dimensions included in the “Clinician- Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity” of the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) remains unexplored.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between different social cognition dimensions and the dimensions of psychosis included in the DSM-5.MethodsFifty-eight outpatients with stable SCZ completed the Intention-Inferencing Task (IIT), a non-verbal ToM task and the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE). They also completed a newly developed and validated FER task constructed from photographs of the face of a famous Tunisian actress and evaluating the ability to correctly identify Ekman's six basic facial emotions. The clinician-rated dimensions of psychosis symptom severity was used to evaluate 8 dimensions of psychosis.ResultsThe patients presenting higher cognitive empathy capacities had less present abnormal psychomotor behaviour scores (P = 0.05). Higher levels of affective empathy were correlated to lower present delusions score (P = 0.037). Better scores in the IIT were correlated to less present negative scores (P = 0.013) and less impaired cognition scores (P = 0.009). FER task score didn’t correlated with any clinical dimension.ConclusionsOur results suggest the existence of specific relationships between social cognition dimensions and psychosis dimensions. Further studies are needed to confirm these relationships.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyse M. Parke ◽  
Megan L. Becker ◽  
Stacey J. Graves ◽  
Abigail R. Baily ◽  
Michelle G. Paul ◽  
...  

Objective: Despite evidence of social skill deficits in children with ADHD, there is no consensus regarding a social cognitive profile and whether these skills predict behavior. Therefore, a comprehensive battery was used to investigate the relationship between social cognition and behavioral functioning. Method: Children ages 7 to 13 with ADHD ( n = 25) and controls ( n = 25) completed tests assessing social cognitive domains (affect recognition and theory of mind [ToM]). Parents completed measures of social cognition (pragmatic language ability and empathy), behavioral symptoms, and adaptive functioning. Results: Children with ADHD performed significantly worse on measures of cognitive ToM and affect recognition and received lower ratings of pragmatic language and cognitive empathy than typically developing peers. These domains, particularly pragmatic language, predicted parent ratings of problematic and adaptive behaviors. Conclusion: Results establish a relationship between specific social cognitive abilities and daily functioning, which has implications for treatment.


Women ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Marina Verdaguer-Rodríguez ◽  
Raquel López-Carrilero ◽  
Marta Ferrer-Quintero ◽  
Helena García-Mieres ◽  
Luciana Díaz-Cutraro ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to explore gender differences in social cognition in a sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP). An observational descriptive study was performed with 191 individuals with FEP. Emotion perception was assessed using the Faces Test, theory of mind was assessed using the Hinting Task, and attributional style was assessed using the Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire. No gender differences were found in any of the social cognitive domains. Our results suggest that men and women with FEP achieve similar performances in social cognition. Therefore, targeting specific needs in social cognition regarding gender may not be required in early interventions for psychosis.


2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S106-S107
Author(s):  
A. Sánchez-Torres ◽  
M.R. Elosúa ◽  
R. Lorente-Omeñaca ◽  
L. Moreno-Izco ◽  
V. Peralta ◽  
...  

IntroductionCognitive impairments clearly impact the daily functioning of patients with psychosis.ObjectivesTo assess cross-sectionally whether there are differences in the cognitive domains assessed with the CAI, for considering the real-world functioning of a sample of patients with psychosis.MethodsThe sample consisted of 76 patients with a DSM-IV psychotic disorder. Patients were assessed with the cognitive assessment interview (CAI), which is an interview-based measure of cognitive functioning that is intermediate between cognitive functioning and daily functioning, and three subscales of the specific levels of functioning (SLOF), an informant-rated measure of functioning. The CAI was used to assess the patient and an informant, and these scores were integrated into a rater composite score. We divided the sample by a median-split procedure for each of the three functional domains, and then applied ANOVAs to compare the two groups (impaired/not impaired) in the six cognitive domains of the CAI: working memory, attention, verbal memory, problem solving, processing speed, and social cognition.ResultsWe found significant differences between the impaired vs. non-impaired groups in most of the cognitive domains assessed with the CAI (Fig. 1).ConclusionsInterview-based assessment of cognition with the CAI allows for the prediction of everyday functioning in patients with psychosis. Impairment in almost all CAI cognitive domains, except for social cognition, was associated with poorer psychosocial functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.


2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S78-S78 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Roux ◽  
M. Urbach ◽  
S. Fonteneau ◽  
B. Aouizerate ◽  
F. Berna ◽  
...  

The relation of social cognitive disorders and schizophrenic symptoms are well-established. Yet, assessment methods have not reached a consensus. In addition, causal paths between neurocognition, social cognition, symptoms and functional expression are not clearly understood. During the past few years, some authoritative accounts proposed specialized batteries of tests and emphasized theory of mind, emotion recognition, and interpretation bias constructs:– NIMH's “Social cognition psychometric evaluation” battery (Pinkham AE, Penn DL, Green MF, Harvey PD. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2015);– “Social cognition and functioning in schizophrenia” (Green MF, Lee J, Ochsner KN. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2013).Interestingly, these accounts stemming either from expert consensus and psychometric considerations or from neuroscience knowledge recognized some difficulties in providing a fully usable set of instruments. The project described here (EVACO protocol, funded by the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique national) follows an alternative approach and aims at providing a psychometrically validated battery. Based on a cognitive neuropsychology view on schizophrenic functional disability, several tests were gathered and are assessed in a 12-months multi-center follow-up of 160 individuals with schizophrenia. The FondaMental foundation network of Expert Centers is involved in recruiting patients from eight centers (Clermont-Ferrand, Colombes, Créteil, Grenoble, Marseille, Montpellier, Strasbourg, Versailles). To-date, the first evaluation of the population has been achieved. Experience reports and inclusions follow-up demonstrate the good acceptability of this battery both on the patients and the evaluator's side. We emphasize the usefulness of this project to meet the clinicians’ needs of validated social cognition tools, by describing different scenarios of use.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.


2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S141-S141
Author(s):  
R. Trabelsi ◽  
A. Arous ◽  
J. Mrizak ◽  
H. Ben Ammar ◽  
A. Khalifa ◽  
...  

IntroductionEmpathy, which refers to the ability to understand and share the thoughts and feelings of others, may be compromised in schizophrenia (SCZ). Yet the relationship between empathy and neurocognitive functioning remains unclear.ObjectivesTo explore whether cognitive and affective empathy are associated with the neurocognitive functioning in SCZ.MethodsFifty-eight outpatients with stable SCZ completed the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) comprising five subscales intended to assess cognitive and affective components of empathy. They also completed a neurocognitive battery comprising the following tests: the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R), the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST), the Stroop Test (ST), the “Double Barrage” of Zazzo (DBZ), the Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST), Verbal Fluency (VF), the Trail Making Test-Part A (TMT-A) and the Digit Span (DS).ResultsBetter affective and cognitive empathy correlated with better performance in the ST (less hesitations and less errors). Patients with better cognitive empathy performed better in the MCST (more categories achieved; P = 0.029) and in the LDST (more substitutions per minute; P = 0.031).ConclusionsOur results bolster support for the presence of an association between NF and the decreased cognitive and affective empathy in schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.


2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S458-S458
Author(s):  
L. French

IntroductionIn May 2013, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) published the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in order to bring America's clinical professionals in concert with the World Health Organization's (WHO) international classifications, notably the ICD-10-CM. This effort was met with considerable resistance and changes were delayed until November 2015. Major social-cultural differences between the United States and its European and other North American partners (Canada and Mexico) poses challenges in critical forensic areas such as the clinical/legal assessment of death qualified offenders – a status unique to the USA.Objective/aimsTo articulate the clinical/legal differences between the previous DSM's (III; III-R; IV) and the DSM-5 and how the new language provides greater ambiguity in defining the mental status requirements for Mens Rea – competence to understand one's actions.MethodsPresent the major legal issues surrounding the US death penalty and brought before the US Supreme Court including: Furman v. Georgia (1972); Greg v. Georgia (1976); Jared v. Texas (1976); Proffit v. Florida (1976); Adkins v. Virginia (2002); Roper v. Simmons (2005); Miller v. Alabama (2012): … and legislative actions such as Rosa's Law (Public Law 111-256; 2010).Results/conclusionsAdvocacy groups pushed Rosa's Law to mental retardation with – intellectual and developmental disability. This change is reflected in the DSM-5 whereby mental retardation (MR) was once relegated to axis II, is now classified under intellectual disabilities (ID) given the impression that it is a transitory (correctable) and not a fix (organ disability) clinical condition.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.


Author(s):  
Ольга Саннікова

Запропонована стаття ґрунтується на досвіді багатьох років роботи автора над проблемою індивідуальних відмінностей осіб, які відрізняються індивідуально-психологічними особливостями емоційності. Розглядаються особливості деяких небажаних соціальних проявів, що відносяться до нарцисичних тенденцій, до крайніх (субклінічних) варіантів «норми». «Вільний індивідуалізм», що став популярним останні роки у суспільстві, не тільки призводить до порушень спілкування, порушень міжособистісних відносин, впливає на успішність діяльності, а й сприяє розвитку особистісної організації як нарцисичної. Саме тому актуальним стає теоретико-методологічне обґрунтування проблеми нарцисизма, вивчення його психологічних виявів, індивідуальних варіацій ознак цього феномена. Підґрунтям для пошуку індивідуально-типових особливостей нарцисизма нами обрано емоційність, яка розглядається як стійка схильність до переживання емоцій певної якості (знак і модальність домінуючих емоцій). Мета статті – виклад та обговорення результатів дослідження індивідуально-психологічних особливостей неклінічного нарцисизма в осіб, котрі різняться за емоційністю. Виявлена наявність від’ємних значущих зв’язків між емоційною модальністю «Радість» і більшістю показників нарцисизма; у той же час модальності «Гнів» «Страх», «Печаль» корелюють із показниками нарцисизма переважно додатно. Розглянуті профілі нарцисизма осіб, що різняться за емоційністю (стійке домінування однієї з емоційних модальностей); вивчені «психологічні портрети» осіб, які схильні до нарцисичних тенденцій, і його специфіка в представників мономодальних типів емоційності; встановлені відмінності в структурі й проявах нарцисизма між представниками різних типів емоційності. Підтверджено припущення про те, що індивідуальна своєрідність нарцисичних рис у межах психічної норми, варіативність їх індивідуальних композицій (якісно-кількісна комбінація компонентів нарцисизма) зумовлені ступенем домінування певної емоційної модальності. Література Гордієнко,І.О. (2017). Самоприйняття та нарцисизм: співвідношення показників. Матеріали Всеукраїнської науково-практичної конференції молодих учених та студентів «Проблеми сучасної психології особистості» (м. Одеса, 25-26 травня 2017). (Випуск 8, с.62–67 ). Одеса : ВМВ. Егорова, М.С., & Ситникова, М.А. (2014). Тёмная триада. Психологические исследования, 7(10). Залуцкая, Н.М. (2003). Индекс функционирования Self-системы (на основе теста оценки нарцисизма). Санкт Петербург : НИПНИ им. В.М.Бехтерева. Клепикова, Н.М. (2011). Операциональное определение нарцисизма в пределах психической нормы. (Автореф. дис. канд. психол. наук). Хабаровск. Корнилова, Т.В., Корнилов, С.А., Чумакова, М.А., & Талмач, М.С. (2015). Методика диагностики личностных черт «Темной триады»: апробация опросника «Темная дюжина». Психологический журнал, 36(2), 99–112 . Издательский дом ВЭШ Меленчук, Н.І. (2015). Нарцисичні прояви авантюрності. Наука і освіта, 10, 91–97. Одеса: ПНЦ НАПН України. Меленчук, Н.І., & Бєлєнцова, О.В. (2019). Нарцисизм як предиктор авантюрності особистості. Матеріали Всеукраїнської наук.-практ. конф. «Проблеми сучасної психології особистості. Ресурси та чинники психологічного благополуччя особистості» (м. Одеса, 21 березня 2019 р). (с. 113–120.) Одеса : ВМВ. Модель структуры личности HEXACO. Режим доступа: http://hexaco.org/scaledescriptions Небылицын, В.Д. (2000). Проблемы психологии индивидуальности. А.В. Брушлинский и Т.Н. Ушакова. (Ред.).Москва : Московский психолого-социальный институт. Воронеж : Изд-во НПО «МОДЭК». Ольшанникова,А.Е. (1978). К психодиагностике эмоциональности. Проблемы общей, возрастной и педагогической психологии. В.В. Давыдов (Ред.). 93–105 . Москва : «Педагогика» Рейковский, Януш (1979). Экспериментальная психология эмоций. Москва : Прогресс. Режим доступа: http://vprosvet.ru/biblioteka/eksperimentalnaya-psihologiya-emocij Саннікова,О.П. (2003). Науково-методичний твір «Психодиагностический четырехмодальностный тест-опросник эмоциональности». Заявка № 8664 від 30.09.2003; реєстрац. № 8828 від 24.11.2003. 30 с. Саннікова,О.П. (2014). Емоційність як системна властивість особистості. ІІІ Всеукраїнський психологічний конгрес з міжнародною участю «Особистість у сучасному світі». (с. 77–82). Київ : ДП «Інформаційно-аналітичне агентство». Саннікова, О.П. (2014). Континуально-ієрархічна модель емоційності. Наука і освіта, 1(СХVІІІ), 44–50 . Саннікова, О.П., & Децик, М.П. (2018). Пошук індивідуальних відмінностей у проявах нарцисизма. Матеріали Всеукраїнської науково-практичної конференції молодих учених та студентів «Проблеми сучасної психології особистості» (м. Одеса, 17-18 травня 2018 р.). (Випуск 9, с. 16–22 ). Одеса : ВМВ. Фрейд, (2006) О введении понятия «нарцисизм». Психология бессознательного. Москва : СТД, 39–73 . Фромм, Э. (2010). Душа человека. Москва : ACT. Режим доступа: http://www.gumer.info/bibliotekBuks/Psihol/from/indexphp Ekman, P., Friesen, W., & Tomkins, S. (1971). Facial affect scoring technigues: a first validity studi. Semiotika, 3, 37–58. https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1971.3.1.37 Izard, C.E. (1971). The face of New York : Appleton. Jonason, P.K. Jones, , & Krause, L. (2013). The emotional deficits associated with the Dark Triad traits: Cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and alexithymia. Person. and Individ. Diff., 55, 532–537. Jones, D.N., & Paulhus, D.L. (2010). Different provocations trigger aggression in narcissists and psychopaths. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1, 12–18 . Morf, C.C. & Rhodewalt, F. (2009). Die Paradoxa des Narzissmus ein dynamisches selbstregulatorisches Prozessmodell. Narzissmus Grundlagen – Störungsbilder – Therapie. Stuttgart-New York : Schattauer, 308–347. Paulhus, D.L., & Williams, K.M. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 556–563. Sannikova, P., Sannikov, O.I., & Husak, L.I. (2020). Features of decisiveness in individuals with different emotional disposition. Georgian Medical News, 4(301), 136–142. Svindseth, M.F., Sorebo, O., Nottestad, J.A., Roaldset, J.O., Wallin, J., & Dahl, A.A. (2009). Psychometric examination and normative data for the narcissistic personality inventory 29 item version. J. Psychol., 50(2), 151–159.  


2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S160-S161
Author(s):  
Sara-Ann Lee ◽  
Keane Lim ◽  
Max Lam ◽  
Jimmy Lee

Abstract Background Social cognitive deficits are common, detectable across a wide range of tasks and appear to play a key role in influencing poor functioning in schizophrenia. Despite its importance as a treatment target, the factors that underlie social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia remains elusive. Schizotypy appears to be one such factor that can explain the variability in social cognitive deficits seen in schizophrenia. The study’s primary aim was to provide a more comprehensive understanding of social cognitive functioning and its relationship to schizotypy. Methods 108 patients and 70 healthy controls completed nine tasks across 4 social cognitive domains based on the SCOPE study. In addition, all participants completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Clinical symptoms were also rated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Results Theory of Mind, social perception, emotion processing and attribution bias were measured in patients with schizophrenia (n = 108) and healthy controls (n = 70). A social cognition composite score was calculated using principal components analysis. Cluster analysis on the derived factor scores revealed 3 clusters. Multiple univariate ANOVAS with Bonferroni correction were used to examine differences between the 3 clusters on each of the 4 social cognition domain scores, which indicated that higher social cognitive performance was related to lower schizotypy. In addition, results indicated that despite differences in the social cognitive performance among patients in the 3 clusters, they did not differ in clinical outcome measures. Discussion The primary aim of the study was to address gaps in the current literature by examining the relationship between social cognition and schizotypy. This study built upon past studies which had the tendency to focus on single, discrete domains by comparing the social cognitive performance of patients and controls using an extensive battery of tests, indexing four social cognitive domains. The significant differences on total SPQ score and the SPQ domain scores between the various clusters, coupled with the significant correlations between schizotypy and social cognition, reinforces the utility of schizotypy in refining our understanding of the variation in the degree of social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. In conclusion, this study substantiates the importance of understanding the relationship between social cognition and schizotypy. This could support and pave the way for the development and implementation of targeted social cognitive interventions catered to the patients’ level of deficit.


2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S336-S336
Author(s):  
V. Maria Iulia ◽  
R.C. Delphine ◽  
H. Audrey ◽  
K. Arthur

IntroductionThe research interest in social cognition in bipolar disorder has increased in a significant way in the last decade showing major impairments, especially in mental state reasoning, even during euthymia (Samamé et al., 2012; Samamé et al., 2015). Social cognitive processes in humans describe the ways individuals draw inferences about other people's beliefs and the ways they weigh social situational factors in making these inferences (Green et al., 2008). A causal relationship between social cognition deficits and global functioning has been already established in schizophrenic populations (Green et al., 2015). But there is still little information regarding the relation between social cognition and social functioning in bipolar disorder.AimsTo review the relationship between general/social functioning and social cognitive impairments in bipolar patients.MethodsA systematic review of literature was conducted. Relevant articles were identified through literature searches in PubMed/Medline, EBSCOHost and Google Scholar databases dating from 2000 to 2015 using the keywords “bipolar”, “social cognition”, “theory of mind”, “mentalizing”, “emotion recognition”, “emotion processing”, “functioning” and “quality of life”.ResultsThe findings of the review will be discussed, regarding the specificity of the thymic state of the patients and the social cognition instruments used.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, the present review is the first to explore specifically the relation between the social cognition deficits and the general/social functioning of bipolar patients. This exploration is of interest for a better comprehension of this disorder to improve the outcome of the patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.


Author(s):  
Maryam Ziaei ◽  
Lena Oestreich ◽  
David C. Reutens ◽  
Natalie C. Ebner

AbstractEmpathy, among other social-cognitive processes, changes across adulthood. More specifically, cognitive components of empathy (understanding another’s perspective) appear to decline with age, while findings for affective empathy (sharing another’s emotional state) are rather mixed. Structural and functional correlates underlying cognitive and affective empathy in aging and the extent to which valence affects empathic response in brain and behavior are not well understood yet. To fill these research gaps, younger and older adults completed a modified version of the Multifaceted Empathy Test, which measures both cognitive and affective empathy as well as empathic responding to both positive and negative stimuli (i.e., positive vs. negative empathy). Adopting a multimodal imaging approach and applying multivariate analysis, the study found that for cognitive empathy to negative emotions, regions of the salience network including the anterior insula and anterior cingulate were more involved in older than younger adults. For affective empathy to positive emotions, in contrast, younger and older adults recruited a similar brain network including main nodes of the default mode network. Additionally, increased structural microstructure (fractional anisotropy values) of the posterior cingulum bundle (right henisphere) was related to activation of default mode regions during affective empathy for positive emotions in both age groups. These findings provide novel insights into the functional networks subserving cognitive and affective empathy in younger and older adults and highlight the importance of considering valence in empathic response in aging research. Further this study, for the first time, underscores the role of the posterior cingulum bundle in higher-order social-cognitive processes such as empathy, specifically for positive emotions, in aging.


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