Personality and insomnia: The role of gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s855-s855
Author(s):  
A.P. Amaral ◽  
M.J. Soares ◽  
A.T. Pereira ◽  
S. Bos ◽  
C. Roque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
General Population ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Good Sleep

IntroductionSeveral epidemiological studies have been conducted to document the prevalence and correlates of insomnia. Most of them confirm their high prevalence in the general population, and a gender difference in the risk for insomnia.AimsTo study the role of gender in the relationship between personality (perfectionism and neuroticism) and insomnia ([IG] insomnia group, [ISG] insomnia symptoms group, and [GSG] good sleepers group).MethodsA total of 549 college students (80.1% females) filled in the MPS (Frost et al., 1990; Hewitt and Flett, 1991), EPI (Barton et al., 1992, 1995), and a self-reported questionnaire to assess insomnia symptoms.ResultsNo differences were found between female and male samples, concerning the dimension of perfectionism – doubts about actions. The IG and the ISG showed higher levels of doubts about actions than the GSG. However, only in female sample the IG and the ISG showed higher levels of concern over mistakes in comparison with the GSG. In males, no significant differences between the sleep groups were found, in which respects concern over mistakes. The level of extroversion was higher in the GSG, but only in male sample. In females, there were no significant differences between the sleep groups in relation to extroversion.ConclusionsNo gender differences were found for the role of doubts about actions in insomnia. Only in females, the dimension – concern over mistakes is important in insomnia, and only in males the dimension – extroversion is important to have a good sleep. These results warrant further research.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The relationship between loneliness and passive death wishes in the second half of life

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1677-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liat Ayalon ◽  
Sharon Shiovitz-Ezra
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Death Wishes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Objective Indicators

ABSTRACTBackground: Both passive death wishes and loneliness are prevalent in old age and both have been shown to be associated with a variety of detrimental effects. The overall goal of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between loneliness and passive death wishes in the general population of Europeans over the age of 50 years.Methods: Passive death wishes were evaluated in waves 1 and 2 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, using the question “in the past month, have you felt that you would rather be dead?” Loneliness was evaluated by the question: “how frequently have you felt lonely over the past week?” taken from the Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression questionnaire. All predictors were gathered in wave 1. Analysis was stratified into three age groups (50–65, 66–75, >75 years).Results: Both passive death wishes (15.6%) and loneliness (mean (SE) = 1.68(0.03)) were highest in those over the age of 75, relative to the other two age groups (age 50–65: 4.6%, mean (SE) = 1.43(0.01); age 66–75: 7.3%, mean (SE) = 1.50(0.02), respectively). Loneliness remained a significant risk for passive death wishes, net of the effect of demographic, health, mental health, and various social indicators in those aged 50–65 years (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.10–1.97) and 65–75 (OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.28–2.38), but not in those over the age of 75 (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 0.84–1.47). None of the objective social indicators was associated with passive death wishes.Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the differential role of loneliness across the lifespan. Any intervention to alleviate passive death wishes in the general population will benefit from addressing the subjective sense of loneliness more so than objective indicators of social interaction.

scholarly journals Uric Acid and Hypertension: Prognostic Role and Guide for Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Federica Piani ◽  
Arrigo F. G. Cicero ◽  
Claudio Borghi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hypertensive Disease ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and hypertension has been a subject of increasing interest since the 1870 discovery by Frederick Akbar Mahomed. Several epidemiological studies have shown a strong association between high SUA levels and the presence or the development of hypertension. Genetic analyses have found that xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) genetic polymorphisms are associated with hypertension. However, genetic studies on urate transporters and Mendelian randomization studies failed to demonstrate a causal relationship between SUA and hypertension. Results from clinical trials on the role of urate-lowering therapy in the management of patients with hypertension are not uniform. Our study sought to analyze the prognostic and therapeutic role of SUA in the hypertensive disease, from uric acid (UA) biology to clinical trials on urate-lowering therapies.

scholarly journals Is there a link between glucose levels and heart failure? An update

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Schainberg ◽  
Antônio Ribeiro-Oliveira Jr. ◽  
José Marcio Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
The Relationship

It has been well documented that there is an increased prevalence of standard cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in association with diabetes and with diabetes-related abnormalities. Hyperglycemia, in particular, also plays an important role. Heart failure (HF) has become a frequent manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological studies suggest that the effect of hyperglycemia on HF risk is independent of other known risk factors. Analysis of datasets from populations including individuals with dysglycemia suggests the pathogenic role of hyperglycemia on left ventricular function and on the natural history of HF. Despite substantial epidemiological evidence of the relationship between diabetes and HF, data from available interventional trials assessing the effect of a glucose-lowering strategy on CV outcomes are limited. To provide some insight into these issues, we describe in this review the recent important data to understand the natural course of CV disease in diabetic individuals and the role of hyperglycemia at different times in the progression of HF.

scholarly journals Autonomic activity during sleep predicts memory consolidation in humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (26) ◽  
pp. 7272-7277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren N. Whitehurst ◽  
Nicola Cellini ◽  
Elizabeth A. McDevitt ◽  
Katherine A. Duggan ◽  
Sara C. Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Remote Associates Test ◽  
Daytime Nap ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Good Sleep ◽  
Variance Explained

Throughout history, psychologists and philosophers have proposed that good sleep benefits memory, yet current studies focusing on the relationship between traditionally reported sleep features (e.g., minutes in sleep stages) and changes in memory performance show contradictory findings. This discrepancy suggests that there are events occurring during sleep that have not yet been considered. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) shows strong variation across sleep stages. Also, increases in ANS activity during waking, as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), have been correlated with memory improvement. However, the role of ANS in sleep-dependent memory consolidation has never been examined. Here, we examined whether changes in cardiac ANS activity (HRV) during a daytime nap were related to performance on two memory conditions (Primed and Repeated) and a nonmemory control condition on the Remote Associates Test. In line with prior studies, we found sleep-dependent improvement in the Primed condition compared with the Quiet Wake control condition. Using regression analyses, we compared the proportion of variance in performance associated with traditionally reported sleep features (model 1) vs. sleep features and HRV during sleep (model 2). For both the Primed and Repeated conditions, model 2 (sleep + HRV) predicted performance significantly better (73% and 58% of variance explained, respectively) compared with model 1 (sleep only, 46% and 26% of variance explained, respectively). These findings present the first evidence, to our knowledge, that ANS activity may be one potential mechanism driving sleep-dependent plasticity.

scholarly journals Tormented Sunrises

2019 ◽  
pp. 418-434
Author(s):  
Maha Alattar
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Distinct Subset ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter covers the relationship between sleep-related headaches and sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Sleep apnea headache (SAH), a type of sleep-related headache that is classified in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, is a distinct subset of headache that is caused by OSA and occurs distinctly on awakening. Once recognized, treatment of OSA is associated with significant improvement in, and often resolution of, SAH. Given the high prevalence of headaches in the general population, sleep disorders must be considered in the evaluation of patients with headaches. A comprehensive sleep evaluation should be an integral part of the assessment of headache disorders. Sleep apnea headache and other types of headaches associated with sleep are reviewed in this chapter.

Measuring social relationships The Interview Schedule for Social Interaction

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Henderson ◽  
P. Duncan-Jones ◽  
D. G. Byrne ◽  
Ruth Scott
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
General Population ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Interview Schedule

SYNOPSISIt is generally recognized that social relationships occupy a central position in psychiatry. To examine the role of social relationships in the onset of minor psychiatric morbidity it is necessary to construct an instrument which will meet the need for a valid, reliable and comprehensive index of social relationships. Such an instrument has now been developed and used in a sample of the general population.The Interview Schedule for Social Interaction arose from a research need, and was constructed to assess the availability and perceived adequacy for any individual of a number of facets of social relationships. These consist both of persons and of the provisions obtained through them. Data from a general population sample suggest this instrument to be sufficiently valid and reliable, and also sensitive to predictable variations between sociodemographic groups, to justify its use in clinical and epidemiological studies, both in psychiatry and general medicine.

The Role of Deceptive Communication and Gender in Shaping Online Dating Interactions

2019 ◽  
pp. 460-474
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Kuzio
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
General Population ◽  
Online Dating ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Deceptive Communication

Online dating is becoming an increasingly used method for meeting significant others. As the research of lying behavior has advanced so has the technique of detecting the act of lying, especially in the online environment where deception is more likely to happen. The aim of this chapter is to simplify the perception of lying behavior to the general population and examine gender differences of lying behavior, namely, to verify whether one can observe a statistically significant difference in the speech behavior and exploitation of lying cues among men and women. The study shows correlation between gender and deception in online environment.

Alcohol consumption in 2049 patients with paranoia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S300-S300
Author(s):  
M. Guerrero Jiménez ◽  
C.M. Carrillo de Albornoz Calahorro ◽  
A. Porras Segovia ◽  
J.A. Cervilla Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
General Population ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Delusional Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Influence Area ◽  
Delusional Idea ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

IntroductionEpidemiological studies have reported associations between alcohol consumption or abuse and occurrence of delusional disorder (F.22) rather than in general population. Alcohol has not been described as the main cause of the delusional idea, but is an enhancer factor which would inhibit behavioral brake and executive function in prefrontal cortex facilitating the development of the existing delusional idea.HypothesisWe want to confirm this association in our influence area so this study aims to report compared frequency of alcoholism in DD versus a control group published in andalusian population.AimsTo review the literature on the potential links between alcohol abuse and delusional disorder and this relationship in general population.ResultsThis poster presents a brief but updated systematic literature review on the associations between DD and alcohol abuse. We will also present data from a relatively large case-mix of 2049 patients with the diagnosis of delusional disorder resulting from a thorough retrospective, medical-record based, assessment of patients attended in our clinical catchment area.In our sample, alcohol abuse and other drugs consumption was significantly less common in Delusional Disorder than in other psychoses.This result suggests that alcohol and other drugs consumption can be a greater importance parameter in other psychoses correlates than in delusional disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Gender differences in audio-vestibular disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 205873842092917
Author(s):  
Virginia Corazzi ◽  
Andrea Ciorba ◽  
Piotr Henryk Skarżyński ◽  
Magdalena B Skarżyńska ◽  
Chiara Bianchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vestibular Disorders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Vestibular Tests ◽  
Medical Disciplines ◽  
The Relationship

In the last years, the attention to the role of gender in physiopathology and pharmacology of diseases in several medical disciplines is rising; however, the data on the relationship between gender and audio-vestibular disorders are still inconclusive and sometimes confusing. With this letter to the editor, we would like to review the role of gender in audio-vestibular disorders. Literature data show that anatomic variances of the inner ear do exist in men and women and that the different physiology and/or hormonal influence between genders could produce different clinical outcome of routine audiological and vestibular tests. Beyond the epidemiological gender-related differences, the clinical data suggest that the gender has a potential role as an etiopathogenetic factor in audio-vestibular disorders and it is probably responsible for the different clinical features observed between male and female subjects.

Cannabis psychosis, gender matters

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S379-S379
Author(s):  
I. Hamilton ◽  
P. Galdas ◽  
H. Essex
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hospital Episode Statistics ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Gender Ratio ◽  
National Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
British Crime Survey ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionDespite recent findings pointing toward cannabis psychosis as one area where gender differences may exist, there has been a widespread lack of attention paid to gender as a determinant of health in both psychiatric services and within the field of addiction.ObjectivesTo explore gender differences in treatment presentations for people with cannabis psychosis.AimsTo use national data sets to investigate gender differences.MethodsAnalysis of British Crime Survey data and a Hospital Episode Statistics data set were used in combination with data from previously published epidemiological studies to compare gender differences.ResultsMale cannabis users outnumber female users by 2:1, a similar gender ratio is found for those admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or psychosis. However this ratio increases significantly for those admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of cannabis psychosis, with males outnumbering females by 4:1.ConclusionsThis research brings into focus the marked gender differences in cannabis psychosis. Attending to gender is important for research and treatment with the aim of improving understanding and providing gender sensitive services.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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