Elevated sera levels of galectin-3 in stable schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S187-S187
Author(s):  
M. Borovcanin ◽  
I. Jovanovic ◽  
S. Minic Janicijevic ◽  
N. Gajovic ◽  
N. Arsenijevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Cytokine Milieu ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Negative Syndrome

IntroductionGalectin-3 (Gal-3) is a unique member of the lectin family involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis and immune responses. Deletion of the Gal-3 gene reduces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and variation of gene encoding for Gal-3 already showed to be related with cognitive function. Also, elevated Gal-3 sera levels were measured in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Aims and objectives We measured the serum concentrations of Gal-3 in patients with schizophrenia in remission and try to determine possible correlation of Gal-3 sera levels with clinical parameters, especially cognitive aspects.MethodsIn this pilot study were included patients with schizophrenia in remission on three months stable depot antipsychotic medication (risperidone and paliperidone) (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 18). Serum levels of Gal-3 were measured using sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, specific for humans (R&D Systems, Minneapolis). Cognition was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) cognitive factors.ResultsHigher mean values of Gal-3 were measured in patients with schizophrenia in remission compared with healthy volunteers (1389.69 vs. 994.23 pg/mL; P = 0.011), but correlation with PANSS cognitive factor was not established (P = 0.748).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the role of Gal-3 should be explored further, in different stages of disorder and depending on applied therapy, but also considering specific cytokine milieu.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Interleukin-17 and Interleukin-10 Association with Disease Progression in Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Raghavi Chenniappan ◽  
Hanumanthappa Nandeesha ◽  
Shivanand Kattimani ◽  
Nandakumar Dalavaikodihalli Nanjaiah
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Background: Alteration in cytokine levels are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Objectives: To estimate the serum levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and their association with disease progression in schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 67 schizophrenia cases were enrolled in the present study. IL-17 and IL-10 were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate disease severity. Results: IL-17 was positively correlated with positive symptom score ( r = 0.256, p = .036), general psychopathology score ( r = 0.255, p = .038) and total score ( r = 0.273, p = .025) in schizophrenia. IL-17 and IL-10 were significantly increased in schizophrenia cases with PANSS more than 85 compared to those with 71–85. Conclusion: IL-17 and IL-10 are associated with disease severity in schizophrenia but are not good markers for predicting the disease progression.

scholarly journals Role of Cardiac Biomarkers in the Assessment of Acute Cerebrovascular Accident

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Radhakrishnan ◽  
Swathy Moorthy ◽  
Sudish Gadde ◽  
Krishnaswamy Madhavan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cardiac Enzymes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Stroke (cerebrovascular accident) has for long been a global burden in terms of its morbidity and mortality. Serum levels of cardiac enzymes such as creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) component, troponin T, and brain natriuretic peptide have been found to be elevated among the patients with stroke and also serve to prognosticate these patients. The serum levels of these enzymes correlate directly to the severity of stroke in these patients. Objective Elevated cardiac enzymes among patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents are not uncommon despite the patients not having any cardiac problems. We aimed to identify the occurrence of elevated cardiac enzymes among patients with acute stroke and their correlation with the severity of stroke. Materials and Methods Our study included 100 patients of acute stroke with no previous history of cardiac ailments. Serum levels of troponin I and CK-MB were analyzed among these patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method within the first 2 hours of admission. Patients outcome during the hospital stay were analyzed. Stroke severity was assessed using the National Institute of Health Stroke score (NIHS score) and the modified Rankin Score (mRS). The cardiac enzyme levels were correlated with these scores. Results Twenty-eight percent of patients had elevated troponin I, while 72% patients had normal levels with the mean values of 10.36 to 106.54 ng/mL and 0.00 to 0.02 ng/mL, respectively. CK-MB levels were found elevated among 14% patients and normal among 86% patients with mean values of 5.8 to 124.36 and 0.0 to 4.3 ng/mL, respectively. Among the six patients who succumbed to death, three patients had increased troponin I and four had elevated CK-MB. NIHS scores of 21.0357±6.79 and 105.277±5.564 were seen in patients with elevated and normal troponin I, whereas NIHS scores of 20.4285±8.658 and 11.8721±9.273 were seen among patients with increased and normal CK-MB, respectively. The mRS scores were 4.3214±0.367, 2.4305±1.374, 4.2143±1.412, and 2.756±1.749 ng/mL among the patients with elevated and normal troponin I and CK-MB, respectively. Conclusion The mean values of cardiac enzymes troponin I and CK-MB were higher among patients with higher scores of NIHS and mRS. Among them, troponin I was very significant and it may serve as an early biomarker for the severity of stroke and hint on early cardiac evaluation among these patients.

Blonanserin augmentation in patients with schizophrenia – who is benefited from blonanserin augmentation?: An open-label, prospective, multicenter study

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s226-s226
Author(s):  
Y.S. Woo ◽  
J.E. Park ◽  
D.H. Kim ◽  
I.K. Sohn ◽  
T.Y. Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Prospective Multicenter Study ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Negative Syndrome

IntroductionEvidences for antipsychotics augmentation for schizophrenic patients with suboptimal efficacy have been lacking although it has been widespread therapeutic strategy in clinical practice.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of blonanserin augmentation with an atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) in schizophrenic patients.MethodsA total of 100 patients with schizophrenia partially or completely unresponsive to treatment with an AAP recruited in this 12-week, open-label, non-comparative, multicenter study. Blonanserin was added to existing AAPs which were maintained during the study period. Efficacy was primarily evaluated using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline, week 2, 4, 8, and 12. Predictors for PANSS response (≥ 20% reduction) was investigated.ResultsThe PANSS total score was significantly decreased at 12 weeks after blonanserin augmentation (–21.0 ± 18.1, F = 105.849, P < 0.001). Response rate on PANSS at week 12 was 51.0%. Premature discontinuation was occurred in 17 patients (17.0%) and 4 patients among them discontinued the study due to adverse events. Nine patients experienced significant weight gain during the study. Response to blonanserin augmentation was associated with severe (PANSS > 85) baseline symptom (OR = 10.298, P = 0.007) and higher dose (> 600 mg/day of chlorpromazine equivalent dose) of existing AAPs (OR = 4.594, P = 0.014).ConclusionsBlonanserin augmentation improved psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenic patients in cases of partial or non-responsive to an AAP treatment with favorable tolerability. Patients with severe symptom despite treatment with higher dose of AAP were benefited from this augmentation. These results suggested that blonanserin augmentation could be an effective strategy for specific patients with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Changes in the cytokine profile in first episode, drug-naïve patients with psychosis after short-term antipsychotic treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S371-S371
Author(s):  
P. Petrikis ◽  
P. Voulgari ◽  
V. Boumba ◽  
D. Archimandriti ◽  
P. Skapinakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionAn increasing body of evidence suggests that antipsychotic medication can cause immunological changes that could be attributed to the amelioration of psychotic symptoms or the metabolic side effects of the drugs. So far, the results of the studies remain controversial.ObjectiveOur aim was to compare the levels of interleukin (IL) IL-2, IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) in drug-naïve, first-episode patients with psychosis before and after six weeks of antipsychotic medication.MethodsThirty-nine first episode patients with psychosis were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TGF-β2 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and six weeks after the initiation of antipsychotic medication. In addition, clinical psychopathology was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) before and after treatment.ResultsSerum levels of IL-2 were significantly higher in the study group six weeks after the initiation of antipsychotic treatment (P < 0.001) while TGF-β2 levels were decreased (P < 0.001) and IL-6 levels were slightly reduced (P < 0.004).ConclusionThe changes in cytokine levels may be attributed to the action of antipsychotic medication and the remission of psychopathology. The reduction in TGF-β2 levels is observed in all patients and with all antipsychotic medications used. TGF-β2 may be a marker of clinical efficacy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Serum Level and Severity Symptom of Bataknese Male Patients with Schizophrenia in North Sumatera, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1957-1961
Author(s):  
Deasy Hendriati ◽  
Elemeida Effendy ◽  
Mustafa Mahfud Amin ◽  
Vita Camellia ◽  
Muhammad Surya Husada
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Negative Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that is multi-causative and multi-factor, generally affecting about 1% of the population. The elevation level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) offers several protections from other neurodegenerative processes that occur in schizophrenia since this deficit of neurotrophic factors can contribute to changes in brain structure and function that underlie the schizophrenia psychopathology.AIM: To analyse the correlation between BDNF serum levels and symptom severity by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) instrument in Bataknese male patients with schizophreniaMETHODS: This study was a correlative analytical study with a cross-sectional approach using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) instrument to assess symptom severity with 60 subjects of Bataknese male patients with chronic schizophrenia. Moreover, this research was conducted at the Psychiatric Hospital of Prof. Dr M. Ildrem Medan, Indonesia. BDNF serum was analysed with the Quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique by via Quantikine ELISA Human CXCL8/IL-8 HS. Also, the data analysis was performed through Spearman's correlative bivariate analytics using SPSS software.RESULTS: A negative correlation between the BDNF serum level and the negative scale PANSS score in men with schizophrenia (r = -0.820, p < 0.001) was found. Moreover, there is a negative correlation between BDNF serum levels and PANSS total scores in men with schizophrenia (r = -0.648, p < 0.001)CONCLUSION: BDNF serum level in Bataknese male patients with schizophrenia has a relationship that affects the severity of symptoms in schizophrenic patients, especially for negative symptoms.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Serum Cytokine Levels and the Degree of Psychosis and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Methamphetamine-Associated Psychosis in Chinese Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Xuebing Liu ◽  
Qin Xie ◽  
Xiaoliang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Cytokine levels can be changed in methamphetamine (METH) use disorders (MUDs) and primary psychosis. The present study assessed serum levels of some kinds of interleukins (ILs) in METH-associated psychosis (MAP) and their relationships with psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction.Methods: Serum IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels were examined by chemiluminescence assays in MAP patients (n = 119) and healthy controls (n = 108). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) were administered.Results: Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased in MAP patients (all p &lt; 0.05). There was a negative relationship between IL-2R levels and PANSS positive (P) subscale scores (r = −0.193, p = 0.035). IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels were all negatively correlated with the naming, delayed recall and orientation subscores on the MOCA (r = −0.209, p = 0.022; r = −0.245, p = 0.007; r = −0.505, p &lt; 0.001, respectively).Conclusions: Our results indicate that immune disturbances are related to MAP and that IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are associated with the severity of psychotic symptoms and cognitive function impairment.

The practitioner cope with adverse events on atypical antipsychotics: About 63 patients with schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S537-S537
Author(s):  
I. Berrahal ◽  
R. Triki ◽  
R. Chebbi ◽  
B. Ghanjati ◽  
R. Ghachem
Keyword(s):  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Tunisian Patients ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Adult Outpatient ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Negative Syndrome

IntroductionThe propensity of atypical antipsychotics (AAP) for having a therapeutic effect with fewer side effects and the balancing of these supposed benefits with tolerance are the subject of many studies.Aims and objectivesWe focused on adverse drug events (ADEs), occurred under AAP, in a population of patients with schizophrenia to assess the prevalences and describe how the practitioner deal with these ADEs.MethodsWe have used a retrospective and descriptive study of 63 Tunisian patients with schizophrenia, consulting in the adult outpatient of Razi hospital and treated by one type of AAP. The study period was 6 months from the 1st January 2015. We used the Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser (UKU) to assess the insight, psychotic symptoms and ADEs.ResultsTwenty-four patients were on risperidone, 22 on olanzapine, 8 on amisulpride and 9 on clozapine. Antiparkinsonism drug (15.9%) was associated because of neurological ADEs mainly Parkinsonism. Asthenia had a prevalence of 20.6%. Hypersalivation and palpitation were estimated at 7.9% both. Weight gain's prevalence was 25.4%, including 1 case associated with hypercholesterolemia and 1 case of unbalanced non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The erectile dysfunction's prevalence was 36.3% and decreased libido 27%. There were 2 cases of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The management of these ADEs was observed when they moderately began to influence the patient's daily activity.ConclusionADEs must be subject to an appropriate treatment and if necessary resort to a specialist consultation to confirm or deny imputability to AAP.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Use of inhaled loxapine in acute psychiatric agitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s228-s228
Author(s):  
S. Ovejero ◽  
M. Iza ◽  
S. Vallejo ◽  
C. Vera ◽  
A. Sedano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Inpatient Unit ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient Unit ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Negative Syndrome

ObjectivesThe aim of this work is to study the efficacy of loxapine inhalation powder on agitated patients in a psychiatric inpatient unit.MethodsNineteen patients sample, with an average age of 39.4 years old, diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder. Patients inhaled loxapine 10 mg, using the staccato system, when they suffered a psychomotor agitation. The clinical efficacy was measured as a change from baseline in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC) and in the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) one hour after the administration of loxapine.ResultsA mean of 9.8 points reduction (22.6 at baseline and 12.7 one hour after the administration) was found on the PANSS-EC (t-test, P < .001) and 68.4% of the patients were considered responders as they obtained a reduction of at least 40% of the basal score. On 10 of the total of the agitated patients showed an improvement of the psychomotor excitement, and this allowed the clinicians to remove the physical restraint; on 6 of the agitated patients the physical restraint could be avoided during the whole treatment; and 3 of the patients experienced a reduction of the excitement. The reduction on PANNS-EC on the latest group was not statistically significant (t-test, P = .121).ConclusionsInhaled loxapine was a non-invasive, rapid and effective alternative treatment for acute agitation in a psychiatric inpatient unit. It resulted more effective on mild and moderate cases; not been significantly effective on the severe cases of agitation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Alteration of Serum Levels of Cytokines in Schizophrenic Patients before and after Treatment with Risperidone

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esfandiar Azizi ◽  
Ahmad Zavaran Hosseini ◽  
Sara Soudi ◽  
Ahmad Ali Noorbala
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Ifn Γ

A growing body of evidence suggests the existence of abnormalities in the immune system of schizophrenic patients. The current study examined serum levels of interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6, IL-2,interferon(IFN) -γ, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in schizophrenic patients before and after treatment with risperidone and correlated levels of these cytokines with symptomatology. The study group consisted of 24 schizophrenic patients as defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria and 24 healthy controls. Serum cytokine levels were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Schizophrenic symptomatology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) questionnaire. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly higher in participants before treatment compared with the healthy controls and after treatment (p<0.001). IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were significantly lower in participants after treatment compared with before treatment and the healthy controls (p<0.001). Except for IL-6 (p<0.05), there was no significant difference in the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β between the patients receiving treatment and the healthy subjects. Moreover, there was no significant difference in levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 between patients before treatment and the healthy subjects. There were no significant correlations between the concentration of cytokines studied and the PANSS. Positive intercorrelations between the production of IFN-γ and IL-2 were detected for sums of all groups(r=0.33, p=0.005). Clinical improvement of treated patients was associated with a reduction in the studied cytokines. It seems that changes in the cytokines level may play a significant role in the psychopathology of these patients.

CHANGES IN SERUM LEVELS OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR WITH ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY AND PHARMACOTHERAPY AND ITS CLINICAL CORRELATES IN MALE SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Akbas ◽  
Ozlem Devrim Balaban
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sample ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
Serum Bdnf

Abstract Objectives: It has been postulated that neurotrophin dysregulation leads to disorganization in neuronal networks, which results in schizophrenia. The current study sets out to evaluate if the finding of lower BDNF levels in schizophrenia patients could be confirmed in an independent cohort, and to investigate if the BDNF levels can be altered with different treatment modalities such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and/or antipsychotic pharmacotherapy (PT). Methods: A total of 54 male patients with schizophrenia and 35 healthy controls were included in the study. Schizophrenia patients were subdivided into two groups as the ones who underwent ECT+PT and only PT. Clinical and sociodemographic data questionnaire, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and blood sample collection for BDNF assessment were applied to all patients (on first and last days of admissions) and healthy participants (on the day of the interview). Then, clinical parameters and blood sample outcomes were statistically analyzed. Results: Mean BDNF levels of healthy individuals was significantly higher than mean pre and post-treatment BDNF levels in both PT only and ECT+PT groups. While serum BDNF levels did not increase after ECT+PT, there was a trend level increase in the PT only group. There was no significant correlation between the change in serum BDNF levels with total PANSS scores in either group after treatment. Conclusions: We could confirm previously suggested data of lower serum BDNF levels in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy population but we couldn’t find significant increase in serum BDNF levels with ECT+PT or only PT as some previous studies suggested.

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