Clinical and psychopathological aspect of electrophysiological abnormalities in adolescents with behavior disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S446-S446
Author(s):  
I. Leshchyna ◽  
T. Mozgova ◽  
S. Fedorchenko
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Brain

Medical and social significance of behavioral disorders in adolescents and their consequences makes the relevance of the study of clinical manifestations and causes the need for early preventive intervention.AimStudying the role of neurophysiological disorders in the formation of behavior disorders in adolescents.Two hundred and two adolescents aged 11–15 years with behavior disorders were observed. The diagnostic methods included electrophysiological, clinical psychopathological and statistical methods.In the structure of behavioral disorders, psychopathological syndromes in adolescents have been identified: psychopathic (n = 106), asthenoneurotic (n = 50), asthenoabulic (n = 26) and anxiety-depressive (n = 20).As a result, it was found that high seizure activity commonly observed in adolescents with anxiety-depressive syndrome (66.67 ± 10.33%); less frequently in adolescents with asthenoneurotic (40.00 ± 6.79%), psychopathic (38.71 ± 4.64%), asthenoabulic (28.57 ± 8.68%) syndromes.At the same time, diffuse changes with dysregulation of the diencephalic-stem structures were observed in the majority of adolescents with psychopathic (61.29 ± 4.64%), asthenoneurotic (60.00 ± 6.79%), asthenoabulic (57.15 ± 9.51%) syndromes and much less frequently in adolescents with anxiety-depressive symptoms (33.33 ± 10.33%).Dystonic rheoencephalography type was observed in a third of adolescents with psychopathic (35.48 ± 4.55%), asthenoneurotic (30.00 ± 6.35%) and anxiety-depressive (33.33 ± 10.33%) syndromes, while the hypertensive rheoencephalography type was prevailed in adolescents with astenoabulic symptoms (14.29 ± 6.73%).Liquor hypertension in adolescents with asthenoneurotic (15.00 ± 4.95%) and psychopathic (9.67 ± 2.81%) syndromes was more common.The statistical analysis indicated that violations of bioelectric properties of the brain with high seizure activity and dysfunction of the low stem structures and disorders of cerebral hemodynamics by dystonic type are risk factors for the formation of behavioral disorders in adolescents.Detection of neurophysiological disorders in adolescents is an informative diagnostic method of early signs of behavioral disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Leptin Functioning in Eating Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palmiero Monteleone ◽  
Antonio DiLieto ◽  
Eloisa Castaldo ◽  
Mario Maj
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Abnormal Eating ◽  
The Brain

AbstractLeptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone, which is involved predominantly in the long-term regulation of body weight and energy balance by acting as a hunger suppressant signal to the brain. Leptin is also involved in the modulation of reproduction, immune function, physical activity, and some endogenous endocrine axes. Since anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are characterized by abnormal eating behaviors, dysregulation of endogenous endocrine axes, alterations of reproductive and immune functions, and increased physical activity, extensive research has been carried out in the last decade in order to ascertain a role of this hormone in the pathophysiology of these syndromes. In this article, we review the available data on leptin physiology in patients with eating disorders. These data support the idea that leptin is not directly involved in the etiology of AN or BN. However, malnutrition-induced alterations in its physiology may contribute to the genesis and/or the maintenance of some clinical manifestations of AN and BN and may have an impact on the prognosis of AN.

Inflammation and Pruning May Inform Risk to Psychiatric Disorders. Lessons From Large Genetic Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S56-S56
Author(s):  
C. Crisafulli
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanics ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Molecular Pathway ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Single Effect ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Hypothesis

BackgroundIt's known that psychiatric disorders are caused to either environmental and genetics factors. Through the years several hypotheses were tested and many genes were screened for association, resulting in a huge amount of data available for the scientific community. Despite that, the molecular mechanics behind psychiatric disorders remains largely unknown. Traditional association studies may be not enough to pinpoint the molecular underpinnings of psychiatric disorder. We tried to applying a methodology that investigates molecular-pathway-analysis that takes into account several genes per time, clustered in consistent molecular groups and may successfully capture the signal of a number of genetic variations with a small single effect on the disease. This approach might reveal more of the molecular basis of psychiatric disorders.Methodsi)We collected data on studies available in literature for the studied disorder (e.g. Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder);ii)We extracted a pool of genes that are likely involved with the disease;iii)We used these genes as starting point to map molecular cascades function-linked. The molecular cascades are then analyzed and pathways and sub-pathways, possibly involved with them, are identified and tested for association.Results/discussionWe obtained interesting results. In particular, signals of enrichment (association) were obtained multiple times on the molecular pathway associated with the pruning activity and inflammation. Molecular mechanics related to neuronal pruning were focused as a major and new hypothesis for the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and the role of inflammatory events has been extensively investigated in psychiatry. intersting, inflammatory mechanics in the brain may also play a role in neuronal pruning during the early development of CNS.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Neuroretinal Dysfunctions in Regular Cannabis Users: An Impact of Cannabis on Retinal Neurotransmission?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S638-S638
Author(s):  
T. Schwitzer ◽  
R. Schwan ◽  
A. Giersch ◽  
E. Albuisson ◽  
K. Angioi-Duprez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Implicit Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
On And Off Pathways ◽  
The Waves ◽  
The Brain

IntroductionAlthough cannabis is very widespread worldwide, its brain toxicity is poorly understood. The neuroretina is an accessible extension of the brain and could be a relevant site for investigating neurotransmission abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders. The retina has a functional endocannabinoid system involved in the regulation of retinal neurotransmission. In animals, the modulation of this system led to retinal dysfunctions measured with the electroretinogram (ERG).ObjectivesTo assess whether the regular cannabis use could affect the neuroretinal function.AimsAssessments of the neuroretinal function in cannabis users compared with controls.MethodsRecordings of pattern, flash and on-off ERG were performed in 55 cannabis users and 29 controls. The amplitude and implicit time of the following waves were evaluated: N95 (pattern); a – and b – (flash); a –, b- and d1 – (on-off).ResultsCannabis users showed a significant increase in implicit time of the waves N95 (P = 0.0001), a- (P = 0.029) and b – (P = 0.002) for the flash ERG and b – (P = 0.016) and d1 – (P = 0.027) for the on-off ERG, compared with controls. No significant difference was found between groups in terms of wave's amplitudes.ConclusionsThese results show a delay in the response of cones, bipolar and ganglion cells of the on and off pathways to constitute a delay of ≈ 6 ms in the transmission of information from the retina to the brain in cannabis users. Cannabis could disrupt the regulatory role of the cannabinoid system and impair retinal glutamatergic neurotransmission. The consequences on visual perception should be explored in future studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Moyamoya Disease Worldwide-Global Burden East and West

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Mohan Mehndiratta ◽  
Ishu Goyal ◽  
Vasundhara Aggarwal ◽  
Natasha Singh Gulati
Keyword(s):  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Revascularization Surgery ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries

The Moyamoya disease [MMD] is a cereberovascular disorder characterized by progressive stenosis of intracranial internal carotid arteries and compensatory collateral formation at the base of the brain, mainly around the circle of Willis. When no particular associated risk factors can be identified, it is termed as Moyamoya disease. However, it may be associated with other neurological and extra- neurological disorders where it is termed as Moyamoya syndrome [MMS]. The condition is predominantly seen in East Asia and has bimodal age of distribution. The clinical manifestations are also age dependant with ischemia predominating in childhood and hemorrhagic manifestations being more common in adults. The pathogenesis is not entirely known, but genetic susceptibility is believed to be an important predisposing factor. The Suzuki staging system is most widely used for evaluation and staging of Moyamoya disease. The gold standard diagnostic modality is cerebral angiography but magnetic resonance imaging [MRA] has also been employed for diagnosis. Treatment is primarily surgical revascularization which is of 3 types: direct, indirect or combined revascularization. Although the role of revascularization surgery has been well established for ischemic MMD, the ideal surgical approach and the role of surgery in hemorrhagic MMD remains controversial.

scholarly journals The Case of Acute Steroid-Induced Myopathy in the Patient with Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-321
Author(s):  
N. T. Vatutin ◽  
G. A. Ignatenko ◽  
G. G. Taradin ◽  
I. V. Kanisheva ◽  
M. R. Shajmurzin
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Calcium Supplements ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
The Common

The article concerns one of the common adverse effects during treatment — steroid myopathy. The information about pathogenic specifics of myopathy development in administration of glucocorticoids, the most typical clinical manifestations are described, and results diagnostic methods with estimation of a role of enzyme level evaluation, electromyography, ultrasound study of the muscle tissue, computer and magnetic resonance tomography. There is description of muscle weakness development in 49-year old woman who has been receiving methylprednisolone 88 mg/day due to revealed thrombocytopenia. One week after the treatment was started the patient experienced onset and progression of muscle weakness limiting her motion and self-maintenance. After performing of investigation including electromyography steroid genesis of myopathy was suggested. The patient’s condition began to improve after disc ontinuation of glucocorticoids and administration of calcium supplements, vitamin D, and anabolics, and the patient was discharged.

scholarly journals Effect of γ-ethyl-γ-phenyl-butyrolactone (EFBL), anticonvulsant and hypnotic drug, on mouse brain catecholamine levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes A. Vega Rasgado ◽  
Iván Villanueva ◽  
Fernando Vega Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Aminooxyacetic Acid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dopaminergic Receptors ◽  
Hypnotic Drug ◽  
Brain Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
The Brain

Abstractγ-Ethyl-γ-phenyl-butyrolactone (EFBL) is a structural combination of the anticonvulsant γ-hydroxy-γ-ethyl-γ-phenylbutyramide (HEPB) and the hypnotic γ-butyrolactone (GBL), which inherits both properties. To clarify its mechanism of action, the effects of EFBL, GBL and HEPB on dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) brain levels were investigated. Influences of chlorpromazine, phenelzine and aminooxyacetic acid were also studied. EFBL increased DA in a dose-dependent manner, remaining enhanced by 80 % over a period of 24 h and augmented NA by 54 % one hour after treatment. HEPB increased DA and NA approximately 2-fold after the first hour. GBL raised DA and NA after three and 24 h, resp. EFBL reversed chlorpromazine effects but potentiated those of phenelzine on DA. Amino-oxyacetic modified neither DA nor NA brain levels, not even in the presence of EFBL. The anticonvulsant and hypnotic properties of EFBL are attributed to its effect on presynaptic dopaminergic receptors and its lasting effect on ethyl and phenyl radicals that hinder its degradation. The results support the role of DA and NA in regulating seizure activity in the brain and indicate that EFBL offers a potential treatment for refractory epilepsy without complementary drugs and Parkinson’s disease, without the drawbacks of oral therapies.

scholarly journals Psychosomatic disorders: causes, development mechanisms, clinical manifestations and feasibilities of autopsychocorrection

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-121
Author(s):  
I. N. Semenenya
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Human Population ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Psychosomatic Disorders ◽  
Emotional Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Processes ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
The Brain

The article reviews the information on the problem of psychosomatic disorders (PSDs) widespread in human population. Attention is drawn to the insufficient awareness of general practitioners in this field of pathology. The true-life situations are considered that the cause development of PSDs and the role of negative thoughts and an emotional factor in their development. A general scheme of the PSD pathogenesis is suggested, which is based on the shift in the balance of the excitation and inhibition processes in CNS towards the prevalence of the former ones. Suppression of the inhibitory processes results in the decrease of the excitation thresholds of different afferent systems and in the development of general hyperesthesia that causes the organism hyperreactivity to the external and internal actions, including the subthreshold ones and stimuli. This underlies the mechanism of PSD clinical manifestations. A possible role of CNS stagnant centers of excitement in the development of PSDs and their ability to migrate in the brain, which reflects the migration of PSD symptoms in the organism, are viewed. Mental, neurologic, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urination, sexual and skin manifestations of PSDs are discussed. General approaches to treating PSD patients are considered. The fundamental importance of the mood factor in the PSD development and alleviation is substantiated.

scholarly journals Inflammatory factor in the clinical picture and therapy of irritable bowel syndrome

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
V. M. Makhov ◽  
A. A. Balakhonov ◽  
M. A. Isaikina ◽  
Yu. A. Doronina
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Brain

The article shows the dynamics of evaluation of prognostic factors of irritable bowel syndrome. Evolution of the views indicates an increasing evaluation of inflammation and the role of markers of inflammation of cytokines, especially alpha-TNF in clinical manifestations. The rationale for using a complex drug based on affinity purified release-active antibodies to alpha-TNF, to the brain-specific protein S-100 and histamine-colourant is presented.

Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Glioma Progression: Deciphering cellular biological processes to clinical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Rana ◽  
Shikha Joon ◽  
Kirti Chauhan ◽  
Vaishnavi Rathi ◽  
Nirmal Kumar Ganguly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Glioma Progression

: Glioma predominantly targets glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. There are grade I, II, III, and IV gliomas with anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme as the most severe forms of the disease. Current diagnostic methods are limited in their data acquisition and interpretation, markedly affecting treatment modalities and patient outcomes. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) or “magic bullets” contain bioactive signature molecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. These secretory “smart probes” participate in myriad cellular activities, including glioma progression. EVs are released by all cell populations and may serve as novel diagnostic biomarkers and efficient nanovehicles in the targeted delivery of encapsulated therapeutics. The present review describes the potential of EVbased biomarkers for glioma management.

Cannabidiolɗs Role as a Potential Target in the Treatment for Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S631-S631
Author(s):  
A. Carvalho ◽  
J. Felgueiras ◽  
T. Abreu ◽  
C. Freitas ◽  
J. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

ObjectivesSchizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder which places a significant emotional and economic strain on the individual and society-at-large. Unfortunately, currently available therapeutic strategies do not provide adequate relief and some patients are treatment-resistant. Therefore there is urgent need for the development of mechanistically different and less side effect prone antipsychotic compounds. Recently, the endocannabinoid system has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for pharmacotherapy that is involved in a wide range of disorders, including schizophrenia. Modulation of this system by the main psychoactive component in cannabis, Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), induces acute psychotic effects and cognitive impairment. However, the non-psychotropic, plant-derived cannabinoid agent cannabidiol shows great promise for the treatment of psychosis, and is associated with fewer extrapyramidal side effects than conventional antipsychotic drugs.MethodsThe aim of this review is to analyse the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in schizophrenia and the potential role of cannabidiol in its treatment.Results and conclusionsThere is still considerable uncertainty about the mechanism of action of cannabidiol as well as the brain regions which are thought to mediate its putative antipsychotic effect. Further data is warrant before this novel therapy can be introduced into clinical practice.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest

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