Prenatal stress exposure as a risk factor for anorexia nervosa: A controlled study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S557-S557
Author(s):  
S. Michelon ◽  
E. Tenconi ◽  
E. Bonello ◽  
D. Degortes ◽  
M. De Toffol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionPrenatal risk factors, such as gestational complications and exposure to stress during pregnancy, may have a role in the development of many psychiatric disorders including eating disorders.AimTo investigate the impact of prenatal stress exposure on the development and clinical features of anorexia nervosa.MethodsOne hundred and nine patients with a lifetime diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and 118 healthy controls underwent a clinical assessment, which included interviews, questionnaires and a neuropsychological battery. The mothers of the patients and controls underwent a specific interview focused on stressful life events, which occurred during pregnancy. Obstetric and neonatal records were consulted.ResultsThe mothers of patients experienced more severe stressful episodes during pregnancy than the mothers of controls and the perceived distress showed significant positive correlation with both total number of obstetrical complications and placental weight. In patients, the severity of stressful events was strongly associated to cognitive rigidity and perseverance.ConclusionsPrenatal stress exposure might be a risk factor for the development of anorexia nervosa and it is associated with cognitive traits of rigidity and perseverance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Prenatal stress and risk of behavioral morbidity from age 2 to 14 years: The influence of the number, type, and timing of stressful life events

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Robinson ◽  
Eugen Mattes ◽  
Wendy H. Oddy ◽  
Craig E. Pennell ◽  
Anke van Eekelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Maternal Experience

AbstractThe maternal experience of stressful events during pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse consequences for behavioral development in offspring, but the measurement and interpretation of prenatal stress varies among reported studies. The Raine Study recruited 2900 pregnancies and recorded life stress events experienced by 18 and 34 weeks' gestation along with numerous sociodemographic data. The mother's exposure to life stress events was further documented when the children were followed-up in conjunction with behavioral assessments at ages 2, 5, 8, 10, and 14 years using the Child Behavior Checklist. The maternal experience of multiple stressful events during pregnancy was associated with subsequent behavioral problems for offspring. Independent (e.g., death of a relative, job loss) and dependent stress events (e.g., financial problems, marital problems) were both significantly associated with a greater incidence of mental health morbidity between age 2 and 14 years. Exposure to stressful events in the first 18 weeks of pregnancy showed similar associations with subsequent total and externalizing morbidity to events reported at 34 weeks of gestation. These results were independent of postnatal stress exposure. Improved support for women with chronic stress exposure during pregnancy may improve the mental health of their offspring in later life.

scholarly journals A synbiotic intervention modulates meta-omics signatures of gut redox potential and acidity in elective caesarean born infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Lay ◽  
Collins Wenhan Chu ◽  
Rikky Wenang Purbojati ◽  
Enzo Acerbi ◽  
Daniela I. Drautz-Moses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The compromised gut microbiome that results from C-section birth has been hypothesized as a risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases (NCD). In a double-blind randomized controlled study, 153 infants born by elective C-section received an infant formula supplemented with either synbiotic, prebiotics, or unsupplemented from birth until 4 months old. Vaginally born infants were included as a reference group. Stool samples were collected from day 3 till week 22. Multi-omics were deployed to investigate the impact of mode of delivery and nutrition on the development of the infant gut microbiome, and uncover putative biological mechanisms underlying the role of a compromised microbiome as a risk factor for NCD. Results As early as day 3, infants born vaginally presented a hypoxic and acidic gut environment characterized by an enrichment of strict anaerobes (Bifidobacteriaceae). Infants born by C-section presented the hallmark of a compromised microbiome driven by an enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae. This was associated with meta-omics signatures characteristic of a microbiome adapted to a more oxygen-rich gut environment, enriched with genes associated with reactive oxygen species metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and depleted in genes involved in the metabolism of milk carbohydrates. The synbiotic formula modulated expression of microbial genes involved in (oligo)saccharide metabolism, which emulates the eco-physiological gut environment observed in vaginally born infants. The resulting hypoxic and acidic milieu prevented the establishment of a compromised microbiome. Conclusions This study deciphers the putative functional hallmarks of a compromised microbiome acquired during C-section birth, and the impact of nutrition that may counteract disturbed microbiome development. Trial registration The study was registered in the Dutch Trial Register (Number: 2838) on 4th April 2011.

scholarly journals La teoría de la alóstasis como mecanismo explicativo entre los apegos inseguros y la vulnerabilidad a enfermedades crónicas

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Mariantonia Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Stress Regulation ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
The Impact

The attachment bond has been proven to be a vulnerability factor for chronic diseases. This article seeks to clarify this relationship by the theory of allostasis. Allostasis theory refers to the regulation of complex physiological processes by systemic response in the body maintaining physiological stability when a person is confronted by challenges. The insecure attachments confront children from his first years with stressful events, by failing to provide security, fundamental purpose of attachment. In this way insecure attachments could impact the calibration of the stress system in the early age and would be factors that increases the allostatic load by a larger number of stressful life events compare to people with secure attachment, a cognitive appraisal of threat that leads to the development of hypervigilance and the impact on stress regulation systems in the body.

scholarly journals Do “Dark” Personality Features Buffer Against Adversity? The Associations Between Cumulative Life Stress, the Dark Triad, and Mental Distress

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401882238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Lyons ◽  
Kate Evans ◽  
Samuli Helle
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Online Study ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

Stressful life events have a major impact on adverse mental health outcomes, although not all individuals are equally affected. According to the buffering hypothesis, there may be personality traits that protect individuals against mental distress in the face of adversity, playing thus a moderating role between life stressors and mental distress. In the present online study ( N = 574), Dark Triad of personality (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) were investigated as moderators between cumulative stressful life events and mental distress (i.e., psychosis, anxiety, and depression). Those who experienced more stressful events during lifetime, and scored higher in Machiavellianism, had higher scores on a psychosis instrument. Narcissism buffered the impact of stressful events on psychosis and depression. The results are discussed in terms of unique profiles associated with each of the traits.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 personality and relations with diabetic chronic complications–Pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s507-s507
Author(s):  
M. Stoimenova-Popova ◽  
M. Valkova ◽  
I. Veleva ◽  
L. Tumbev ◽  
P. Chumpalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Dm Type 2

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with chronic complications and comorbidities. Psychopathology and personality changes (PCh) are also found in DM. Some authors suggest organic PCh. The aim of our study was to access DM associated PCh and their relations with DM complications, glycemic control (GC) and family history for DM (FH).Material and methodsWe examined 47 patients with DM type 2 (64.65 ± 9.78 years old; 14 males, 33 females; 24 with and 23 without FH, 20 with good, 15 with poor and 12 with very poor GC). All of them underwent somatic and neurological examinations. Blood count and biochemistry, urine analysis, brain computer tomography, electroneurography, electrocardiography and neuropsychological battery were applied. PCh were accessed by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.ResultsThe most frequent PCh were hypochondriasis (Hs, 77%), hysteria (Xy, 74%) and schizoidia (Se; 77%); hypomania was low in 60%; 30% showed low psychasthenia and 49% low psychopatia. High paranoia had 23% and low–15%. Poor GC was associated with cognitive impairment (CI) and high Hs, Xy and Se. Patients with high Hs, Xy and Se showed more frequent diabetic complications (retinopathy, polyneuropathy and nephropathy), comorbidities and CI than those without, even after correction for age, therapy and DM duration. FH was risk factor for PCh.ConclusionsPatients with DM show specific PCh. High scoring on Hs, Xy and Se scales are associated with poor GC, chronic DM complications, comorbidities and CI. FH is risk factor for PCh.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The effects of different preventive counseling programs on stress level in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Pogosova ◽  
Y.M Yufereva ◽  
A.I Ovchinnikova ◽  
O.Y Sokolova ◽  
K.V Davtyan
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Counseling Programs ◽  
Preventive Counseling ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Stressful life events may trigger paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic stress is known to negatively affect long-term outcomes in cardiovascular diseases. Purpose To assess the impact of different preventive counseling programs on stress level in patients (pts) after catheter ablation (CA) performed for paroxysmal AF. Methods This is a prospective randomized controlled study with 3 parallel groups of pts with paroxysmal AF after CA (radiofrequency or cryoablation). Pts were randomized into 3 groups in 1:1:1 ratio. During hospitalization for CA pts from all groups received single-session preventive counseling with focus on their individual cardiovascular risk factors profile. After discharge pts from Group 1 received remote preventive counseling by phone and pts from Group 2 by email every two weeks for the first 3 months after enrollment (a total of 6 sessions). Group 3 received usual care. All pts underwent stress assessment using a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline and at 12 months after CA. Results A total of 135 pts aged 35 to 80 years were enrolled (mean age 57.3±9.1 years, 51.8% men). The groups were well balanced according to demographic and clinical features. At 1 year of follow-up there was a significant reduction of average stress level in both intervention groups vs. control (Table). Conclusions Preventive counseling followed by 3 months of remote support via phone and email reduced the stress level in AF pts after CA. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

The Impact of Recent Undesirable Life Events on Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Goodyer ◽  
I. Kolvin ◽  
Sonia Gatzanis
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Multiple Events ◽  
The Impact

The timing and number of recent stressful life events occurring in the year before onset of emotional or behavioural disorder was examined in a consecutive sample of children. Overall, events increase the relative risk of psychiatric disorder by 3–6 times. Events occur throughout the 12 months, but tend to cluster in the 16 weeks nearest onset of symptoms. The number of events influences the onset of disorder: cases with multiple events are more likely to have an event within 16 weeks of onset; cases with single events are more likely to have the event 36–52 weeks before onset. Cases whose onset occurs within 4 weeks of an event may have experienced single or multiple events. The results support the concept of additivity of recent stressful events in some cases of emotional and behavioural disorders in childhood.

scholarly journals Stressful Life Events Are Related to More Negative Interpretations, but Not Under Acute Stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110141
Author(s):  
Kathy Bélanger ◽  
Isabelle Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arithmetic Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stressful Task ◽  
The Impact

Studies have identified deleterious effects of stress on multiple cognitive processes such as memory and attention. Little is known about the impact of stress on interpretation. We investigated how an induced acute stress and more long-term stress related to life events were associated with interpretations of ambiguous stimuli. Fifty participants answered a questionnaire indexing the number of stressful life events. A median split was used to compare those reporting few or more events. Half of participants performed an arithmetic task that induced acute stress; they were compared to a control group performing a less stressful task. We measured the interpretation of ambiguous visual stimuli, which participants had to judge as “negative” or “positive”. We found a significant interaction between the number of stressful life events and the induced acute stress on the proportion of positive interpretations. In the control group, participants reporting more stressful events produced less positive interpretations than those reporting few events. In the induced stress condition, no significant difference was found. Life events tend to influence interpretation in the absence of an acute stressor, which seems to be more influent in the short term.

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