Prenatal Stress Exposure as a Risk Factor for Anorexia Nervosa: a Controlled Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Michelon
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Stress Exposure

Prenatal stress exposure as a risk factor for anorexia nervosa: A controlled study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S557-S557
Author(s):  
S. Michelon ◽  
E. Tenconi ◽  
E. Bonello ◽  
D. Degortes ◽  
M. De Toffol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionPrenatal risk factors, such as gestational complications and exposure to stress during pregnancy, may have a role in the development of many psychiatric disorders including eating disorders.AimTo investigate the impact of prenatal stress exposure on the development and clinical features of anorexia nervosa.MethodsOne hundred and nine patients with a lifetime diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and 118 healthy controls underwent a clinical assessment, which included interviews, questionnaires and a neuropsychological battery. The mothers of the patients and controls underwent a specific interview focused on stressful life events, which occurred during pregnancy. Obstetric and neonatal records were consulted.ResultsThe mothers of patients experienced more severe stressful episodes during pregnancy than the mothers of controls and the perceived distress showed significant positive correlation with both total number of obstetrical complications and placental weight. In patients, the severity of stressful events was strongly associated to cognitive rigidity and perseverance.ConclusionsPrenatal stress exposure might be a risk factor for the development of anorexia nervosa and it is associated with cognitive traits of rigidity and perseverance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Perception of Autonomy and Connectedness Prior to the Onset of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Huemer ◽  
Maria Haidvogl ◽  
Fritz Mattejat ◽  
Gudrun Wagner ◽  
Gerald Nobis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Image Test ◽  
Restrictive Type

Objective: This study examines retrospective correlates of nonshared family environment prior to onset of disease, by means of multiple familial informants, among anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients. Methods: A total of 332 participants was included (anorexia nervosa, restrictive type (AN-R): n = 41 plus families); bulimic patients (anorexia nervosa, binge-purging type; bulimia nervosa: n = 59 plus families). The EATAET Lifetime Diagnostic Interview was used to establish the diagnosis; the Subjective Family Image Test was used to derive emotional connectedness (EC) and individual autonomy (IA). Results: Bulimic and AN-R patients perceived significantly lower EC prior to onset of disease compared to their healthy sisters. Bulimic patients perceived significantly lower EC prior to onset of disease compared to AN-R patients and compared to their mothers and fathers. A low family sum – sister pairs sum comparison – of EC had a significant influence on the risk of developing bulimia nervosa. Contrary to expectations, AN-R patients did not perceive significantly lower levels of IA compared to their sisters, prior to onset of disease. Findings of low IA in currently ill AN-R patients may represent a disease consequence, not a risk factor. Conclusions: Developmental child psychiatrists should direct their attention to disturbances of EC, which may be present prior to the onset of the disease.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of polyunsaturated fatty acids efficacy in adolescents with anorexia nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Agnieszka M. Piróg-Balcerzak ◽  
Anna K. Bażyńska ◽  
Katarzyna Biernacka ◽  
Joanna Brągoszewska ◽  
Lidia Popek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Eat 26

Objective. Omega–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were tested in adolescent depression and in several neurodevelopmental disorders with partial success. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by deficiencies in fatty food intake and frequent comorbidity, including depressive and cognitive symptoms. Thus supplementation with PUFAs may be beneficial in this group of patients. The aim of the study was to assess whether PUFAs as an add-on treatment is associated with better improvement of body mass index (BMI) and psychopathological symptoms than placebo in patients with AN. Method. 61 female adolescent inpatients with AN were randomly allocated to omega–3 PUFAs supplementation or placebo for 10 weeks. Patients also participated in the behavioural programme and eclectic psychotherapy (treatment as usual, TAU). At baseline and follow-up visits, patients’ BMI and psychopathology were assessed with Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), Patient Global Impression Scale (PGI), and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26). Results. After 10 weeks, both groups showed improvement in all parameters. Improvement in CGI scores was observed greater in placebo vs. PUFA-s group (p = 0.015) while other differences were not statistically significant. Omega–3 PUFAs supplementation appears not to be effective as an add-on treatment in inpatient adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Conclusions. The results should be analysed with caution due to small sample size and heterogeneity in TAU. As the TAU turned out to be highly effective, additional therapeutic effect of PUFA might not be visible. Nevertheless, that does not explain the tendency for better improvement in the placebo group.

scholarly journals A synbiotic intervention modulates meta-omics signatures of gut redox potential and acidity in elective caesarean born infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Lay ◽  
Collins Wenhan Chu ◽  
Rikky Wenang Purbojati ◽  
Enzo Acerbi ◽  
Daniela I. Drautz-Moses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The compromised gut microbiome that results from C-section birth has been hypothesized as a risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases (NCD). In a double-blind randomized controlled study, 153 infants born by elective C-section received an infant formula supplemented with either synbiotic, prebiotics, or unsupplemented from birth until 4 months old. Vaginally born infants were included as a reference group. Stool samples were collected from day 3 till week 22. Multi-omics were deployed to investigate the impact of mode of delivery and nutrition on the development of the infant gut microbiome, and uncover putative biological mechanisms underlying the role of a compromised microbiome as a risk factor for NCD. Results As early as day 3, infants born vaginally presented a hypoxic and acidic gut environment characterized by an enrichment of strict anaerobes (Bifidobacteriaceae). Infants born by C-section presented the hallmark of a compromised microbiome driven by an enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae. This was associated with meta-omics signatures characteristic of a microbiome adapted to a more oxygen-rich gut environment, enriched with genes associated with reactive oxygen species metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and depleted in genes involved in the metabolism of milk carbohydrates. The synbiotic formula modulated expression of microbial genes involved in (oligo)saccharide metabolism, which emulates the eco-physiological gut environment observed in vaginally born infants. The resulting hypoxic and acidic milieu prevented the establishment of a compromised microbiome. Conclusions This study deciphers the putative functional hallmarks of a compromised microbiome acquired during C-section birth, and the impact of nutrition that may counteract disturbed microbiome development. Trial registration The study was registered in the Dutch Trial Register (Number: 2838) on 4th April 2011.

scholarly journals Prenatal stress exposure is associated with increased dyspnoea perception in adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1700642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas von Leupoldt ◽  
Eline Mangelschots ◽  
Nils Georg Niederstrasser ◽  
Marijke Braeken ◽  
Thibo Billiet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Stress Exposure

scholarly journals Hidden pandemic: COVID-19-related stress, SLC6A4 methylation, and infants’ temperament at 3 months

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Livio Provenzi ◽  
Fabiana Mambretti ◽  
Marco Villa ◽  
Serena Grumi ◽  
Andrea Citterio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Collective Trauma ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Epigenetic Signatures

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic represents a collective trauma that may have enduring stress effects during sensitive periods, such as pregnancy. Prenatal stress may result in epigenetic signatures of stress-related genes (e.g., the serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4) that may in turn influence infants’ behavioral development. In April 2020, we launched a longitudinal cohort study to assess the behavioral and epigenetic vestiges of COVID-19-related prenatal stress exposure in mothers and infants. COVID-19-related prenatal stress was retrospectively assessed at birth. SLC6A4 methylation was assessed in thirteen CpG sites in mothers and infants’ buccal cells. Infants’ temperament was assessed at 3-month-age. Complete data were available from 108 mother-infant dyads. Greater COVID-19-related prenatal stress was significantly associated with higher infants’ SLC6A4 methylation in seven CpG sites. SLC6A4 methylation at these sites predicted infants’ temperament at 3 months.

Prenatal stress exposure and early childhood BMI: Exploring associations in a New Zealand context

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. e23116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte V. Farewell ◽  
Zaneta M. Thayer ◽  
David P. Tracer ◽  
Susan Morton
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Stress Exposure

scholarly journals Decreased glutathione in patients with anorexia nervosa. Risk factor for toxic liver injury?

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Zenger ◽  
S Russmann ◽  
E Junker ◽  
C Wüthrich ◽  
M H Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Toxic Liver Injury
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