Psychopathological aspects of appearance dissatisfaction in aesthetic medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S316-S316
Author(s):  
V. Medvedev ◽  
V. Frolova ◽  
V. Vissarionov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Aesthetic Medicine ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Psychopathological Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

IntroductionThe pathogenesis of dissatisfaction of the own appearance in patients without obvious abnormalities is still unexplored. The aim of the study was to investigate the structure of psychopathological disorders in patients without evident appearance abnormalities seeking for surgical or cosmetological correction.MethodsStudy sample has included 227 women (average age: 35.8 ± 4.9 years) and 54 men (average age: 30.9 ± 5.7 years)–patients of plastic surgery and cosmetology clinic. The study used clinical psychopathological and follow-up methods of examination.ResultsWe have found the heterogeneous spectrum of mental disorders in this group of patients: overvalued dysmorphophobia was diagnosed in 26%, anxiety-phobic disorders–23.1%, obsessive-compulsive disorders–in 11%, depression–in 32%, delusional disorders–in 7.5% of patients.ConclusionsThe results of our study show that the phenomenon of dissatisfaction with the appearance without obvious cosmetic defects manifests in the course of wide spectrum of mental disorders. The follow-up shows no improvement and even worsening of patients’ mental state after cosmetological or surgical treatment. Decision about possibility and extent of the operation should be based on the analysis of patient's mental state and motive for reference to aesthetic medicine specialist.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Peculiarities of Depressive Disorders in Emigrants and Re-Emigrants

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S491-S491
Author(s):  
N.O. Maruta ◽  
O.P. Venger ◽  
T.V. Panko ◽  
I.O. Yavdak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Examination Method ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Depressive Syndromes ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

IntroductionEmigration and remigration are one of the greatest modern problems and considered as a factor provoking manifestation and exacerbation of mental disorders as well as pathocharacterological personality changes. In emigrants and re-emigrants peculiarities of course of depressive disorders with different genesis are not investigated, that impedes a development of adequate therapeutic methods.AimTo study clinical-psychopathological peculiarities of depressive disorders in emigrants and re-emigrants patients with psychogenic (F43.21, F43.22) (69 non-emigrants, 68 emigrants, 67 re-emigrants), endogenous (F31.3, F31.4, F32.1, F32.2, F33.1, F33.2) (65, 66 and 63 patients, respectively) and organic depressive disorders (F06.3) (64, 62 and 61 patients, respectively) were examined.MethodsA clinical-psychopathological investigation, Standardized Personality Examination Method, Lusher's Method of Color Choices, HDRS, HARS, MADRS, and SCL-90-R.ResultsThe highest level of severity of depressive disorders in re-emigrants and the lowest level in non-emigrants were registered. Re-emigrants had predominantly depressive, asthenic-depressive and apathic-depressive forms, whereas emigrants had mainly anxious-depressive ones. According to SCL-90-R data, emigrants had higher indexes of somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anxiety, whereas re-emigrants had higher indexes of depression and interpersonal sensitivity as well as an index of distress expression. In patients examined it was determined a predomination of dysthymic personality traits manifested in the frameworks of the leading depressive of anxious-depressive syndromes. An influence of emigration and remigration factors was the greatest in psychogenic depressions and the lowest in organic depressive disorders.ConclusionsThe abovementioned regularities should be taken into account in pharmacotherapy and a social-psychological support for such patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Obsessive Versus Delusional Jealousy: Destruction in a Form of Creation – A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S531-S531
Author(s):  
R. Almeida Leite ◽  
E. Conde ◽  
T. Queirós Santos ◽  
M. Almeida ◽  
T. Azevedo Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Compulsive Checking ◽  
The Common ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Delusional Jealousy

IntroductionJealousy is a complex emotional state and some degree is considered normal in mature love, but when does it become destructive in a relationship? There's a thin line between what is normal and what is pathologic. Pathological jealousy differs from normal by its intensity and irrationality. Obsessive and delusional jealousies are different types of pathological jealousy, difficult to distinguish, which is important, since they have different treatment. Despite the differences, both result in significant distress and carry the risk of homicide/suicide, so it's a matter deserving the psychiatrists’ attention.ObjectiveExplore the psychopathological differences between obsessive and delusional jealousy and list the characteristics and difficulties in the approach to pathological jealousy.MethodsThe results were obtained searching literature included on the PubMed and Google Scholar platforms.ResultsDelusional jealousy is characterized by strong and false beliefs that the partner is unfaithful. Individuals with obsessive jealousy suffer from unpleasant and irrational jealous ruminations that the partner could be unfaithful, accompanied by compulsive checking of partners’ behavior. This jealousy resembles obsessive-compulsive phenomenology and should be treated with SSRIs and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Delusional jealousy is a psychotic disorder and should be treated with antipsychotics.ConclusionThe common issue in pathological jealousy is the problem of adherence to treatment and bad prognosis. In order to achieve better treatment outcomes, we should follow-up the patient regularly. One key factor is to explore the psychopathology and motivate the sufferer for the proper pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions, trying to reduce the suffering caused by ideas of unfaithfulness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Impact of mental disorders on COVID-19 outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
N. N. Petrova ◽  
V. E. Pashkovskiy ◽  
M. S. Sivashova ◽  
A. N. Gvozdetsky ◽  
G. A. Prokopovich
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
A Prospective Study

Objective: to analyze clinical and follow-up indicators in patients with mental disorders and COVID-19 and to identify on their basis predictors of poor outcomes associated with mental state.Patients and methods. We conducted a prospective study in a multidisciplinary hospital. The severity of coronavirus infection was determined according to the temporary guidelines. Data collection was carried out using a patient chart consisting of 109 variables. Predictors of poor outcomes were determined using predictive models (logit regression, Cox model). The study included 97 patients: 41 men (42.3%) and 56 (57.7%) women, mean age – 62.3±15.3 years. 26 patients died; 71 patients recovered.Results and discussion. The death occurred on 11.5 day. The mental state of these patients was severe, with a predominance of delirium cases. With increasing age, the probability of non-lethal outcome decreases [hazard ratio (HR) 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.06; p=0.037]. The risk of death increased by 1.03 (p=0.037) for each year of life. An improvement in the mental state of patients during psychotropic therapy is associated with an 11.11-fold decrease in the risk of poor outcome of coronavirus infection (HR 0.09; 95% CI 0.01–0.76; p=0.027). Delirium is a predictor of low patient survival, especially in prolonged hospitalizations (HR 4.55; 95% CI 1.66–12.48; p=0.003). The severity of coronavirus infection makes the greatest contribution to the poor outcome: the risk of death increases by 33.17 times (CR 33.17; 95% CI 4.01–274.65; p<0.001). The severity of the mental disorder had a greater impact on the risk of death compared with age, increasing it by 4.55 times (p=0.003).Conclusion. We found significant differences between the groups of deceased and surviving patients with COVID-19 concerning the variables related to certain mental disorders, their severity and dynamics, and the severity of coronavirus infection. In addition, the age of the patients had a significant impact on the prognosis of COVID-19. The results reflect the special prognostic significance of delirium in the structure of mental disorders developing in patients with coronavirus infection.

scholarly journals A “GENERAL THEORY OF MENTAL SUFFERING”, AND THE ROLE OF AN INNOVATIVE NARRATIVE THERAPEUTIC APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-307
Author(s):  
Derek Botha
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Narrative Therapy ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Psychedelic Drug ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

This article proposes alternative understandings of certain structuralist informed (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - DSM-IIIrd to 5th Eds.) configurations of mental disorders. Life’s negative discourses and the mind’s captive responses present a “general theory of mental suffering” which phenomena are classified as modernist, DSM mental disorders, such as addictions, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Recent research has indicated that the psychedelic drug, psilocybin, has produced safe and effective outcomes for these mental suffering states. In this context, the article draws on the concept of brain plasticity order, firstly, to identify the means for a person to move away from subjection of life’s negative, dominant discourses that “capture” the brain, and then to intentionally move towards more acceptable, preferred, ethical subjectivities. These explanations, using the phenomenon of depression, provide the foundation for further proposals that an innovative form of narrative therapy could be a safe, effective and meaningful approach for persons in relationship with other similar ways of mental suffering, such as, anxiety, addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anorexia nervosa.

Pharmacotherapy of acute psychotic states: The reason for benzodiazepines and valproic acid augmentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S612-S612
Author(s):  
A. Veraksa ◽  
A. Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Competing Interest

Acute psychotic states (APS) usually are diagnosed as schizophrenia spectrum and affective disorders and make up about 45% of cases. The goal of the study was to elucidate the effect of benzodiazepines (BDZ) and valproic acid augmentation in the APS pharmacotherapy. The study was carried out on 102 inpatients diagnosed up to ICD-10 as schizophrenia (n = 24), acute and transient psychotic disorders (n = 40), other mental disorders due to brain damage and dysfunction and to physical disease (n = 17), schizoaffective disorder (n = 12), bipolar affective disorder (n = 9). Patients were randomized into four therapeutic groups:– benzodiazepines (BDZ);– one neuroleptic or combination of one neuroleptic and one BDZ (NBDZ);– combination of valproic acid with BDZ or neuroleptic (VBDZN);– polypragmasy (PP): from two drugs of one group up to four and more drugs at the same time.The mental state of the patients was evaluated daily and estimated before, weekly and after APS termination by BPRS and CGI scale. The APS in all groups lasted from 1 to 50 days (mean 11.4). The shortest duration of APS was In BDZ group – 4.7 days; in VBDZN and NBDZ, the duration was 7.0 and 7.4 days (P < 0.05); in PP group, the treatment lasted 24.5 days (P < 0.001). Before therapy, average BPRS rate was 43.5 ± 8.1, CGI – 6.2 ± 0.8; after APS, BPRS was 18.9 ± 2.1, CGI – 1.1 ± 0.3. All rates did not differ among subgroups. APS therapy by BDZ and its combination with neuroleptics and valproic acid was effective compared to the polypragmasy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Are we using mass media to raise awareness about psychiatric disorders?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S178-S179
Author(s):  
M.Á. Álvarez de mon ◽  
M. Arrieta ◽  
P. Molero ◽  
M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Media ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe global burden of mental disorders is large and continues to grow. Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Every 40 seconds somebody dies from suicide. People with mental disorders are amongst the most marginalized in society. The stigma they experience puts them at an increased risk of poverty, discrimination and human right violations.ObjectivesTo study the presence of psychiatric disorders in the media.MethodsWe selected and analyzed the top media Twitter accounts of general news outlets, based on their number of followers. Our research strategy focused on the search of several psychiatric terms of interest (ex: “insomnia”) on each Twitter account. The search includes tweets from the beginnings of Twitter in 2007 up to May 2016, and yielded a database of more than 10,000 news.ResultsThe terms with the highest impact in mass media referred to suicide, depression, addictions and gender dysphoria. Disorders related to anxiety (Generalized anxiety, phobias, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder), dysthymia and bipolar disorder were the psychiatric disorders with the lowest impact. We noticed that the presence of psychiatric disorders in the media is increasing. However, it does not accurately reflect the actual impact it has on society.ConclusionsThe media can be a useful tool for the implementation of strategies for the promotion and prevention of mental disorders. However, we are not fully taking advantage of the benefits that mass media has to offer in order to educate and raise awareness about said disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Shame and Guilt in Mental Disorders - Diagnostics and Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S23-S24
Author(s):  
L. Madeira
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cultural Considerations ◽  
Action Tendency ◽  
Complex Emotions ◽  
Shame And Guilt ◽  
Human Emotions ◽  
Competing Interest

Guilt and shame are important human emotions, which have been studied by several different disciplines. Seminal and recent inputs in Psychology (particularly Psychoanalysis) and Psychiatry are briefly reviewed including cross-cultural considerations and developmental psychology studies on these emotions. Yet this keynote focuses in the phenomenology and epistemology of guilt and shame as complex emotions. This includes considering that guilt is experienced in two moments (decompressed into a moment of negligence and another of guilt) while shame only in one moment (prolonged in a “frozen now”). All the inputs have suggested an operationalization of epistemic and phenomenic differences considering their context, formal object, particular object and action tendency. Lastly it refers to the relation of these experiences with psychopathology and nosology concerning their adaptive and maladaptive nature, their relation with empathy as well as their presence in several disorders such as anxious, depressive and obsessive compulsive sorts.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Child obsessive-compulsive disorder presenting with catatonic-like features: Case presentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S446-S446
Author(s):  
V. Kodra ◽  
V. Alikaj ◽  
B. Allkoja ◽  
B. Zenelaj ◽  
D. Sanxhaku
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionAlthough catatonia was conceptualized as a subtype of schizophrenia, it is now recognized to occur most commonly in the course of other psychiatric disorders, in drug-induced disorders [1] or neurologic conditions [2]. Catatonia is rarely seen together with OCD and there are a limited number of case reports in the literature [3,4].ObjectiveWe describe the case of a 12 year boy who presented in our clinic with mutism, negativism, immobility, social withdrawn, rigid posture, refusal to eat.MethodWe performed a thorough psychiatric diagnostic assessment of the child as well as laboratory tests and MRI of the brain.ResultsThe child's first symptoms appeared 2 years ago: initially the child became socially withdrawn, spent most of time at his room, and became preoccupied with rituals of hand washing, walking back and forth, preoccupations with food contamination, became aggressive if someone would interrupt what he was doing, stopped going at school, and stopped calling his parents “mother” or “father”. Brain MRI showed lateral ventricular asymmetry and suboccipital cyst.ConclusionsThe child was put on therapy with lorazepam and sertraline. His obsessive-compulsive symptoms improved, and the apparent catatonic like features resolved and did not return over follow-up.DiscussionCatatonia is not uncommon among children and adolescents, and the relationship between OCD and catatonia is still misunderstood, but it may be an indicator of the severity of the OCD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Mental Disorders in Patients Breast Cancer: Differentiated Approach to the Study Nozogeny

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S671-S671
Author(s):  
O. Shushpanova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Premorbid Personality ◽  
Mental Health Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Competing Interest

ObjectiveThe problem of mental disorders in patients with breast cancer is relevant due to the high prevalence of pathological changes in the mental health patients, insufficient development of clinical typology of psychosomatic correlations of the contribution of constitutional features.MethodsNozogeny disorders are clinically heterogeneous and are represented by two nosologic categories: reaction and nosogenic patho-characterological personal development. The basic method of work was a clinical follow-up and statistical research methods (method using contingency tables and Fechner coefficient method using the χ2 – test).ResultsThe manifestation of a nozogeny reaction is closely correlated with his premorbid personality characteristics. Anxious-depressive nozogeny reaction was recorded in 17 patients of the first sample with high direct correlation (coefficient Fechner F = 0.76, P < 0.01) with respect to accentuation of personality in the alarm type, and the weak direct link to the personal characteristics of the affective (bipolar) range (F = 0.22, P < 0.01). Anxious-nozogeny dissociative response was detected in 9 patients with hysterical (55.5%) and expansive schizotypal (vershrobene) (44.4%) lung cancer with a significant (F = 0.65, P < 0.01) a direct correlation with constitutional hyperthymia, anxiety-hypomanic nozogeny response was observed in patients c schizotypal RL (n = 4) paired with symptoms of persistent hyperthymia (F = 0.39, P = 0.012).ConclusionPatho-characterological development of personality are formed on the remote catamnestic stage breast cancer and show the clinical heterogeneity of differentiation into 4 types: (1) the type of hypochondriacal dysthymia, (2) the type of “paranoia struggle”, (3) in an “aberrant hypochondria” and (4) the type of “new life”.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals PSYCHOTHERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH HYPOCHONDRIAC AND OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDERS DUE TO PERINATAL CEREBROVASCULAR LESIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Serhiy Boltivets ◽  
Yuliya Chelyadyn ◽  
Tymur Gonchar ◽  
Lyudmila Uralova ◽  
Olexiy Gonchar
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Techniques ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Perinatal cerebrovascular lesions represent one of the important causes of the onset of mental disorders. The research addresses specific psychic pathologies of this type such as hypochondriac and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The main focus of the research is the psychotherapy for that contingent of patients. Tests and statistical trials were conducted for groups composed of persons suffering from the said disorders. Based on the results of data analysis the research reviews specific recommendations for using psychotherapeutic techniques considering their influence on clinical manifestations of hypochondria and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Keywords: perinatal cerebrovascular lesions, obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychotherapy.

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