scholarly journals Measurement of negative and depressive symptoms: Discriminatory relevance of affect and expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Janina Richter ◽  
Lea Hölz ◽  
Klaus Hesse ◽  
Dirk Wildgruber ◽  
Stefan Klingberg
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
Anticipatory Anhedonia ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

AbstractThere is conceptual overlap between negative and depressive symptoms: Mainly the ‘avolition’ factor of negative symptoms also encompasses main symptoms of depression. However, whereas in depression mood is low, mainly anticipatory anhedonia can be found in negative symptoms. Moreover, patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) show greater expressive deficits than those with Major Depressive Episode (MDE). We investigated if measures of depressive and negative symptoms differentiate SCZ subjects, subjects with MDE, and healthy controls (HC). 21 SCZ, 22 MDE, and 25 HC subjects were examined with a rater assessment and a self-rating for negative symptoms (Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS); Motivation and Pleasure – Self-Report (MAP-SR)) and depressive symptoms (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17); Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)). All measures differentiated the psychiatric samples from HC (all p’s < 0.01). The ratings of depressive symptoms (HAMD-17, BDI) and rater assessment of negative symptoms (CAINS) – specifically its sub scale measuring expressive deficits – managed to discriminate between subjects with schizophrenia and those with MDE (SCZ > MDE > HC for negative, MDE > SCZ > HC for depressive symptoms, all p’s < 0.05). The self-rating of negative symptoms (MAP-SR) did not. To differentiate negative symptoms and depression clinicians might look for (self-)reported low mood and observer-rated reduction in speech as well as in gestures and facial expression. Reduced expression and moderate levels of depression point towards a negative syndrome, whereas mostly unimpaired expression and high scores of self-reported depressive symptoms are more likely to indicate a depressive syndrome.

scholarly journals Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. de Zwart ◽  
B. F. Jeronimus ◽  
P. de Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Duration Threshold ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

Aims.For the past quarter of a century, Frank et al.’s (1991) consensus-based definitions of major depressive disorder (MDD) episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence have been the paramount driving forces for consistency in MDD research as well as in clinical practice. This study aims to review the evidence for the empirical validation of Frank et al.’s proposed concept definitions and to discuss evidence-based modifications.Methods.A literature search of Web of Science and PubMed from 1/1/1991 to 08/30/2017 identified all publications which referenced Frank et al.’s request for definition validation. Publications with data relevant for validation were included and checked for referencing other studies providing such data.Results.A total of 56 studies involving 39 315 subjects were included, mainly presenting data to validate the severity and duration thresholds for defining remission and recovery. Most studies indicated that the severity threshold for defining remission should decrease. Additionally, specific duration thresholds to separate remission from recovery did not add any predictive value to the notion that increased remission duration alleviates the risk of reoccurrence of depressive symptoms. Only limited data were available to validate the severity and duration criteria for defining a depressive episode.Conclusions.Remission can best be defined as a less symptomatic state than previously assumed (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, 17-item version (HAMD-17) ⩽4 instead of ⩽7), without applying a duration criterion. Duration thresholds to separate remission from recovery are not meaningful. The minimal duration of depressive symptoms to define a depressive episode should be longer than 2 weeks, although further studies are required to recommend an exact duration threshold. These results are relevant for researchers and clinicians aiming to use evidence-based depression outcomes.

Negative and Depressive Symptoms in Schizophrenia

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parmanand Kulhara ◽  
Ajit Avasthi ◽  
Rakesh Chadda ◽  
Kishore Chandiramani ◽  
Surendra K. Mattoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Depressive Syndromes

Ninety-five schizophrenic patients were assessed using the Present State Examination, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Negative and depressive symptoms were frequent, and significant relationships among negative symptom complexes and depressive syndromes were noted. Retardation, lack of energy, slowness, and other symptoms of depression were significantly associated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Depressed affect per se did not have a significant correlation with negative symptoms.

The Assessment of Depression in Normal Adolescents — A Comparison Study

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon W. Yanchyshyn ◽  
Douglas R. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
School Students ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Adolescent Inpatients ◽  
Normal Adolescents ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

This pilot study addressed two questions. The first was whether the combination of an observer scale (Hamilton Rating Scale) and a self-rating scale (Carroll Self-Rating Scale, modelled after the Hamilton) can make a valid distinction between the frequency and severity of depressive symptomatology in adolescents not referred for treatment, and psychiatric inpatients. The second was whether Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) could be recognized and diagnosed in “non-patient” adolescents using this interview and rating scale approach. The median Hamilton and Carroll scores of the school students differed significantly from those of the in-patients, though the scores alone did not correspond with the presence or absence of MDD. Only 1 of the 26 (3.8%) tenth grade “students interviewed appeared to have MDD, compared with 9 of 33 (27%) adolescent inpatients studied previously with the same methodology. The strength and limitations of this interview and assessment approach are discussed.

An intervention for depressive symptoms using a commercial game in a mental health impatient setting. (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Rodrigo Guzman Cortez ◽  
Matias Marzocchi ◽  
Neus Freixa Fontanals ◽  
Mercedes Balcells-Olivero
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

BACKGROUND Computerized mental health interventions have shown evidence of their potential benefit for mental health outcomes in young users. All of the studied interventions available in the review and scientific literature can be classified as "serious games". Serious games are computerized interventions designed from the start with the objective of improving specific desired health outcomes. Moreover, there are reports of users experiencing subjective benefits in mental health after playing specific commercial games. These were games not intentionally made with a therapeutic objective in the design process. An example is the videogame "Journey", first released for the Playstation 3 console in 2012 which won "Game of the Year" in the 2013 D.I.C.E awards. The creator of the game describes the game as a short, 2-3-hour narrative experience in which the player goes through the "Hero's Journey" following a classic 3-part structure. There were more than 100 testimonials from players describing how the game helped them cope with psychological or personal issues. Some of them explicitly described recovering from depressive episodes through playing the game. OBJECTIVE To conduct a pilot test of the efficacy of the videogame Journey in reducing depressive symptoms in an acute impatient setting METHODS Depressive symptomatology was measured before and after the intervention using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) The intervention was conducted in an isolated room using a Playstation 3 console with the videogame "Journey" developed by Thatgamecompany. No internet access was allowed. The game was played over the course of 4 30-45 min sessions in a two week period. RESULTS The initial score in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) was 30, indicating a very severe depression. After the intervention the HRSD score was 10, showing a mild depression. CONCLUSIONS The Videogame Journey, a commercial game first available for the Playstation 3 console in 2012, was not created as a serious game with potential health benefits. Our pilot test is the first case report of a commercial game showing a potential effect in reducing depressive symptoms, which is consistent with the previous informal reports of users online.

scholarly journals Effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strain Shirota on Improvement in Depressive Symptoms, and Its Association with Abundance of Actinobacteria in Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1026
Author(s):  
Machiko Otaka ◽  
Hiroko Kikuchi-Hayakawa ◽  
Jun Ogura ◽  
Hiroshi Ishikawa ◽  
Yukihito Yomogida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
And Biological Markers

We previously reported lower counts of lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiota of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), compared with healthy controls. This prompted us to investigate the possible efficacy of a probiotic strain, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (LcS; basonym, Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota; daily intake of 8.0 × 1010 colony-forming units), in alleviating depressive symptoms. A single-arm trial was conducted on 18 eligible patients with MDD or bipolar disorder (BD) (14 females and 4 males; 15 MDD and 3 BD), assessing changes in psychiatric symptoms, the gut microbiota, and biological markers for intestinal permeability and inflammation, over a 12-week intervention period. Depression severity, evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, was significantly alleviated after LcS treatment. The intervention-associated reduction of depressive symptoms was associated with the gut microbiota, and more pronounced when Bifidobacterium and the Atopobium clusters of the Actinobacteria phylum were maintained at higher counts. No significant changes were observed in the intestinal permeability or inflammation markers. Although it was difficult to estimate the extent of the effect of LcS treatment alone, the results indicated that it was beneficial to alleviate depressive symptoms, partly through its association with abundance of Actinobacteria in the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Living With Bipolar Disorder in the Time of Covid-19: Biorhythms During the Severe Lockdown in Cagliari, Italy, and the Moderate Lockdown in Tunis, Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Giovanni Carta ◽  
Uta Ouali ◽  
Alessandra Perra ◽  
Azza Ben Cheikh Ahmed ◽  
Laura Boe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

Background: Restrictions during Covid-19 pandemic lockdown, in which rhythms of life have been compromised, can influence the course of bipolar disorder (BD). This study follows patients with bipolar disorder living in two geographically close cities (Cagliari and Tunis), but with different lockdown conditions: less severe in Tunis.Methods: Two cohorts were evaluated during lockdown (April 2020, t0) and 2 months later with lockdown lifted for a month (t1). Individuals were: over 18 years old without gender exclusion, BD I or II, in care for at least 1 year, received a clinical interview in the month before the start of the lockdown, stable clinically before the lockdown. The assessment was conducted by telephone by a psychiatrist or psychologist with good knowledge of patients. Diagnoses were made according to DSM-5 criteria. Depressive symptoms were collected through the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; cut-off 14 indicative of depressive episode. Circadian rhythms were measured using the BRIAN scale.Results: Forty individuals in Cagliari (70%female, age 48.57 ± 11.64) and 30 in Tunis (53.3% Female, age 41.8 ± 13.22) were recruited. In Cagliari at t0 45% had depressive episodes against none in Tunis, a similar difference appeared at t1. At t0 and t1 the Cagliari sample had more dysfunctional scores in the overall BRIAN scale and in the areas of sleep, activities and social rhythms; no differences were found in nutrition, both samples had predominantly nocturnal rhythm. In Cagliari at t0 and t1, the depressive sub-group showed more dysfunctional scores in the BRIAN areas sleep, activity, and nutrition. However, the differences in biological rhythms resulted, through ANCOVA analysis, independent of the co-presence of depressive symptoms.Discussion: A rigid lockdown could expose people with BD to depressive relapse through dysregulation of biological rhythms. The return to more functional rhythms did not appear 1 month after lockdown. The rekindling of the pandemic and the restoration of new restrictive measures will prevent, at least in the short term, the beneficial effect of a return to normality of the two cohorts.This was a limited exploratory study; future studies with larger samples and longer observational time are needed to verify the hypothesis.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Amongst Surgical Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Xia Ren ◽  
De-Cun Zhou ◽  
Yin-Guang Fan ◽  
Bao-Zhu Li ◽  
Wan-Fei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Surgical Nurses

Abstract BackgroundThe outbreak of novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has imposed an enormous physical and psychological pressure on people across the world. This study focused on evaluating the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in surgical nurses during the epidemic in China. MethodA cross-sectional, multicenter quantitative study was conducted in Anhui province (China) from March 3, 2020 to March 19, 2020, with a questionnaire package which consisted of general information questionnaire，Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Zung's self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and social support rating scale (SSRS). A total of 3600 surgical nurses participated in the survey by Wechat and QQ. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression models. ResultsA total of 3492 surgical nurses from 12tertiary hospitals and 12 secondary hospitals in one province of mainland China completed the survey. The prevalence rates of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms were 24.83% and 22.39%, respectively. The average level of anxiety and depression of surgical nurses were higher than that of the Chinese norm (P< 0.05).Levels of social support for surgical nurses were significantly negatively associated with the degree of anxiety (r = -0.630, P < 0.001) and depression (r = -0.578, P < 0.001). Fertility status (β = 1.469, P = 0.003), hospital (β = -0.611, P < 0.001), participation in care for COVID-19 patients (β = 2.229, P < 0.001), likelihood of being infected with COVID-19 (β = 1.146, P < 0.001), social support (β = -0.623, P < 0.001) were significantly influencing surgical nurses’ anxiety degree. Similarly, these characteristics were significantly associated with the odds of experiencing depression symptoms in surgical nurses. Divorce and widowed surgical nurses (β = -2.654, P < 0.001) were significantly more likely to experience depressive symptoms than single nurses. ConclusionIn this survey, we found that the surgical nurses had high anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The findings suggest that targeted psychological interventions to promote the mental health of surgical nurses with psychological problems need to be immediately implemented.

Toward a transdiagnostic tool to evaluate depressive symptoms across mental disorders: Validation of the Calgary depression rating scale in patients with major depressive disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi ◽  
Mélanie Faugere ◽  
Sebastien Weibel ◽  
Catherine Faget ◽  
Christophe Lancon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Major Depressive

The problematic use of social networking sites associates with elevated symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orkun Aydin ◽  
Fikret Poyraz Çökmüş ◽  
Kuzeymen Balikçi ◽  
Didem Sücüllüoğlu-Dikici ◽  
Pınar Ünal-Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Major Depressive

Background: Although excessive use of social networking site (SNS) is related to undesired effects on healthy individual’s psychological well-being, there is a huge gap in studies performed with individuals who suffer from various mental disorders. Aim: The main goal of this study is to examine the association between problematic utilization of SNSs and depressive symptoms across patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: 111 patients diagnosed with MDD (diagnoses confirmed via the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5–Clinician Version (SCID-5/CV)) and 108 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for the study. Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) were administered by both MDD and HC groups. Group comparisons were estimated with multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) analyses. To identify the relationship between SNS addiction and depressive symptoms, the Pearson correlations were performed, and finally, we computed the multiple linear regression analyses to determine whether SNS addiction predicts depressive symptoms. Results: The results revealed that MDD group is more addicted to SNS relative to HC. In addition, depressive symptoms were significantly predicted by ‘relapse’ subdimension and the overall score of SNS addiction in the MDD group. Conclusion: Our study illustrated the detrimental effects of excessive SNSs usage on depressive symptoms in MDD particularly for the individuals in ‘relapse’ state of SNS addiction. The mental health workers should consider the usage patterns of SNSs in patients diagnosed with MDD during their clinical observation and management.

Effects of ECT on Prolactin, LH, FSH and Testosterone in Males with Major Depressive Illness*

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 814-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Cooper ◽  
R. Finlayson ◽  
V.R. Velamoor ◽  
R.V. Magnus ◽  
Z. Cernovsky
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

Fourteen males with major depressive illness (DSM-III) received a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T), were measured 15 minutes before and 15 minutes after each treatment. The severity of depression was assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) two to three days before the first and two to three days following the last treatment. Post-ECT levels of PRL and LH were significantly higher than pre-ECT levels across every treatment. Changes in FSH and testosterone were not significant. There were no relationships between hormone levels (first versus last ECT) and severity of depression, including sexual functioning. It is argued that the relatively greater increases of LH than FSH is due to an acute antidopaminergic action of ECT which acts selectively on the secretion of the former. The blunted testosterone response to the increase of gonadotropins may be due to ECT-induced hyperprolactinemia.

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