Genetic predisposition score predicts the increases of knee strength and muscle mass after one-year exercise in healthy elderly

Since both muscle mass and strength performance are polygenic in nature, the current study compared four genetic predisposition scores (GPS) in their ability to predict these phenotypes. Data were gathered within the framework of the first-generation Flemish Policy Research Centre “Sport, Physical Activity and Health” (2002–2004). Results are based on muscle characteristics data of 565 Flemish Caucasians (19–73 yr, 365 men). Skeletal muscle mass was determined from bioelectrical impedance. The Biodex dynamometer was used to measure isometric (PTstatic120°) and isokinetic strength (PTdynamic60° and PTdynamic240°), ballistic movement speed (S20%), and muscular endurance (Work) of the knee extensors. Genotyping was done for 153 gene variants, selected on the basis of a literature search and the expression quantitative trait loci of selected genes. Four GPS were designed: a total GPS (based on the sum of all 153 variants, each favorable allele = score 1), a data-driven and weighted GPS [respectively, the sum of favorable alleles of those variants with significant b-coefficients in stepwise regression (GPSdd), and the sum of these variants weighted with their respective partial r2 (GPSw)], and an elastic net GPS (based on the variants that were selected by an elastic net regularization; GPSen). It was found that four different models for a GPS were able to significantly predict up to ~7% of the variance in strength performance. GPSen made the best prediction of SMM and Work. However, this was not the case for the remaining strength performance parameters, where best predictions were made by GPSdd and GPSw.

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Muscle Strength, Size, and Composition Following 12 Months of Gender-affirming Treatment in Transgender Individuals

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgz247 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 (3) ◽

pp. e805-e813 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anna Wiik ◽

Tommy R Lundberg ◽

Eric Rullman ◽

Daniel P Andersson ◽

Mats Holmberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Mass ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Treatment Initiation ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Knee Extensor ◽

Muscle Volume ◽

Muscle Size ◽

Thigh Muscle ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

One Year

Abstract Context As many sports are divided in male/female categories, governing bodies have formed regulations on the eligibility for transgender individuals to compete in these categories. Yet, the magnitude of change in muscle mass and strength with gender-affirming treatment remains insufficiently explored. Objective This study explored the effects of gender-affirming treatment on muscle function, size, and composition during 12 months of therapy. Design, settings, participants In this single-center observational cohort study, untrained transgender women (TW, n = 11) and transgender men (TM, n = 12), approved to start gender-affirming medical interventions, underwent assessments at baseline, 4 weeks after gonadal suppression of endogenous hormones but before hormone replacement, and 4 and 12 months after treatment initiation. Main outcome measures Knee extensor and flexor strength were assessed at all examination time points, and muscle size and radiological density (using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography) at baseline and 12 months after treatment initiation. Results Thigh muscle volume increased (15%) in TM, which was paralleled by increased quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) (15%) and radiological density (6%). In TW, the corresponding parameters decreased by –5% (muscle volume) and –4% (CSA), while density remained unaltered. The TM increased strength over the assessment period, while the TW generally maintained their strength levels. Conclusions One year of gender-affirming treatment resulted in robust increases in muscle mass and strength in TM, but modest changes in TW. These findings add new knowledge on the magnitude of changes in muscle function, size, and composition with cross-hormone therapy, which could be relevant when evaluating the transgender eligibility rules for athletic competitions.

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Utilizing Genetic Predisposition Score in Predicting Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Incidence: A Community-based Cohort Study on Middle-aged Koreans

Journal of Korean Medical Science ◽

10.3346/jkms.2015.30.8.1101 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 1101 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hye Yin Park ◽

Hyung Jin Choi ◽

Yun-Chul Hong

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Genetic Predisposition ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Community Based ◽

Genetic Predisposition Score

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Linkage of myostatin pathway genes with knee strength in humans

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00224.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 264-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

W. Huygens ◽

M. A. Thomis ◽

M. W. Peeters ◽

J. Aerssens ◽

R. Janssen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linkage Analysis ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Single Point ◽

Young Male ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Candidate Gene Approach ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knee Strength

This study was the first to explore the potential role of the myostatin ( GDF8) pathway in relation to muscle strength and estimated muscle cross-sectional area in humans using linkage analysis with a candidate gene approach. In young male sibs ( n = 329) 11 polymorphic markers in or near 10 candidate genes from the myostatin pathway were genotyped. Muscle mass was estimated by anthropometric measurements, and maximal knee strength was evaluated using isokinetic dynamometers (Cybex NORM). Single-point nonparametric variance components and linear quantitative trait locus regression linkage analysis methods were used. Linkage patterns were observed between knee extension and flexion peak torque with markers D2S118 ( GDF8), D6S1051 ( CDKN1A), and D11S4138 ( MYOD1), and a maximum LOD score of 2.63 ( P = 0.0002) was observed with D2S118. The ratios of peak torque over muscle and bone area of the midthigh of the lower contraction velocity (60°/s) showed more frequently significant LOD scores than the torques at high velocity (240°/s). Although myostatin is physiologically more related to muscle mass through possible effects of hyperplasia and hypertrophy than it is to strength, only two estimated muscle cross-sectional areas were marginally linked (LOD 1.06 and 1.07, P = 0.01) with marker D2S118 near GDF8 (2q32.2). The present results gave suggestive evidence that the myostatin pathway might be important for strength phenotypes, and GDF8, CDKN1A, and MYOD1 are potential candidate regions for a further and denser mapping with respect to these phenotypes.

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Preoperative muscle strength as a predictor of complications after esophagectomy.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.454 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 454-454

Author(s):

Madison Colcord ◽

Michael D Watson ◽

Nicole Lee Gower ◽

Jennifer H Benbow ◽

Sally Jeanne Trufan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

Intramuscular Adipose Tissue ◽

Operative Outcomes ◽

Increased Risk ◽

One Year

454 Background: Sarcopenia has been associated with post-operative complications and length of stay (LOS) in patients undergoing esophagectomy. A variety of methods exist to measure muscle mass and strength, with few comparisons between methods. We compared hand-grip strength (HGS), muscle mass and intramuscular adipose tissue as predictors of post-operative outcomes. Methods: Patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy were identified between January 2015 – June 2019 at Levine Cancer Institute. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle density (SMD), a measure of intramuscular adipose tissue, were derived from CT. HGS was measured using a dynamometer. Uni- and multivariable GLM analyses were performed. Results: 115 patients (100 male, 15 female) underwent esophagectomy with an average age of 64.3 +/- 9.8. The analysis was stratified by sex due to significant differences in HGS, SMI, and SMD. Among men, univariable analysis revealed a significant association between pre-operative HGS <25 kg and increased risk of post-operative pneumonia ( p=0.02), ventilation >48hrs ( p=0.02), LOS ( p=0.002), discharge to home ( p=0.001), and one-year mortality ( p=0.005). All associations except discharge home remained significant in multivariable analyses (Table). Among women, no factors analyzed were significantly associated with postoperative outcomes. Conclusions: HGS is a more powerful predictor of postoperative complications and LOS than either muscle mass or intramuscular adipose tissue among men undergoing esophagectomy. HGS is cost-effective and easily incorporated into routine clinical care, allowing for preoperative intervention to optimize patients for esophagectomy. To better understand the implications in women, additional research with a larger cohort is needed. [Table: see text]

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The Genetic Predisposition Score of Seven Obesity-Related Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Is Associated with Better Metabolic Outcomes after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Journal of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics ◽

10.1159/000452129 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5-6) ◽

pp. 222-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carolina Ferreira Nicoletti ◽

Marcela A. Souza Pinhel ◽

Bruno Affonso Parenti de Oliveira ◽

Julio Sergio Marchini ◽

Wilson Salgado Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Bypass ◽

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Genetic Predisposition ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Metabolic Outcomes ◽

Genetic Predisposition Score

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Fat-Free Mass and Skeletal Muscle Mass Gain Are Associated with Diabetes Remission after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Males but Not in Females

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19020978 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 978

Author(s):

Ngan Thi Kim Nguyen ◽

Nguyen-Phong Vo ◽

Shih-Yi Huang ◽

Weu Wang

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Remission Rate ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Post Operation ◽

One Year

Besides massive body weight loss, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) causes massive lean mass, including fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle mass (SM) that present higher metabolic rates in males. This study examines sex differences in FFM and SM changes of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission at 12 months post-LSG. This cohort study recruited 119 patients (53.7% females) with T2D and obesity (body mass index 42.2 ± 7.0 kg/m2) who underwent LSG. Fat-mass (FM) loss was higher in males than in females (−12.8 ± 6.2% vs. −9.9 ± 5.0%, p = 0.02) after one-year post-operation. Regardless of the weight-loss difference, males had higher FFM and SM gain than did females (12.8 ± 8.0 vs. 9.9 ± 5.0% p = 0.02 and 6.5 ± 4.3% vs. 4.9 ± 6.2%, p = 0.03, respectively). Positive correlations of triglyceride reduction with FM loss (r = 0.47, p = 0.01) and SM gain (r = 0.44, p = 0.02) over 12 months post-operation were observed in males who achieved T2D remission. The T2D remission rate significantly increased 16% and 26% for each additional percentage of FFM and SM gain one year after LSG, which only happened in males. Increased FFM and SM were remarkably associated with T2D remission in males, but evidence lacks for females.

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Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Idiopathic Dropped Head Syndrome Patients is Similar to Healthy Volunteers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-506235/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tatsuya Igawa ◽

Norihiro Isogai ◽

Akifumi Suzuki ◽

Masahiro Ishizaka ◽

Haruki Funao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Trunk Muscle ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Dropped Head Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Appendicular Muscle Mass

Abstract Dropped head syndrome (DHS) exhibits cervical deformity due to weakness of the cervical extensor group, and sarcopenia is characterized by progressive and systemic reduction in skeletal muscle mass. These clinical finding are associated with reduced activity of daily living, reduced quality of life, and increased risk of mortality. We collected and reviewed prospective registry data for 16 consecutive female patients with idiopathic DHS and 32 healthy individuals who matched their gender and age. The prevalence of sarcopenia and body composition data were compared. There were no differences in the prevalence of sarcopenia, appendicular muscle mass, and leg muscle mass between DHS patients and the healthy elderly. Trunk muscle mass in DHS patients was significantly lower than that in healthy individuals. A significant correlation was found between appendicular muscle mass and trunk muscle mass in healthy subjects but not in DHS patients. Sarcopenia was not associated with the onset of idiopathic DHS. The prevalence of sarcopenia was not high in patients with idiopathic DHS due to the preservation of their appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Patients with DHS were characterized by a significant loss of trunk muscle mass that may be related to the disease but not aging.

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