Quantitative dynamics of stem water soluble carbohydrates in wheat can be monitored in the field using hyperspectral reflectance

2014 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fernanda Dreccer ◽  
Laura R. Barnes ◽  
Roger Meder
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Hyperspectral Reflectance ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stem Water

Time of pruning affects fruit abscission, stem carbohydrates and yield of macadamia

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa McFadyen ◽  
David Robertson ◽  
Margaret Sedgley ◽  
Paul Kristiansen ◽  
Trevor Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Carbon Limitation ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stem Water

Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche, M. tetraphylla Johnson and hybrids) orchards in Australia are typically hedged around anthesis (September). Such hedging reduces yields, largely through competition for carbohydrates between early fruit set and the post-pruning vegetative flush, but also through a reduction in photosynthetic capacity caused by the loss of canopy. We examined whether hedging at other times might mitigate yield losses. Hedging time was found to affect yields across four cultivars: ‘A4’, ‘A38’, ‘344’ and ‘816’. Yield losses were lower for trees hedged in November–December than for trees hedged in September. Yields for trees hedged in June were higher than for trees hedged in September in one experiment, but were similar in a second experiment. Yield losses for September and October hedging were similar. Hedging time changed the pattern of fluctuations in stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC). WSC declined shortly after hedging in September, October or November, and the declines preceded increases in fruit abscission relative to unpruned control trees. The increase in fruit abscission was less pronounced for the trees hedged in November, consistent with the idea that fruit become less sensitive to carbon limitation as they mature.

scholarly journals Genetic Dissection of Stem Water-Soluble Carbohydrates and Agronomic Traits in Wheat under Different Water Regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khan Nadia ◽  
Xiaoping Chang ◽  
Ruilian Jing
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stem Water

Drought is a major environmental stress threatening wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity worldwide. Although drought impedes wheat performance at all growth stages, it is more critical during the flowering and grain-filling phases and results in substantial yield losses. In this context, stem water-soluble carbohydrates (SWSC) were dissected at flowering and grain filling stages under drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) conditions using a population consisted of 116 wheat accessions in this research. The main goal was to dissect the genetic basis of water-soluble carbohydrates and the agronomic traits using association mapping approach and identify linked molecular markers. The results showed significant and positive correlations for stem water-soluble carbohydrates at grain filling (SWSCG) with accumulating efficiency of stem water-soluble carbohydrates (AESWSC) and grain filling efficiency at the late stage (GFEL). The accumulating and grain filling efficiency at grain filling stage could play an important role for SWSC especially under DS condition. Four favorable alleles for plant height (PH) and grain yield (GY) were identified in two water environments. Xbarc78-4A163and Xbarc78-4A155 were variant alleles for PH which were identified in both water regimes. Whereas Xwmc25-2D151 and Xgwm165-4B191 positively linked with GY in WW. Although Xwmc420-4A121and Xwmc112-2D215 were alleles for stem water-soluble carbohydrates at flowering (SWSCF) and SWSCG in DS but the frequency were < 5% so they were considered as rare alleles. These SSR markers which explained significant level of phenotypic variability for chosen traits could be used for selection of genotypes in wheat breeding programs through marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association of Stem Water Soluble Carbohydrates in Bread Wheat

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e0164293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Dong ◽  
Jindong Liu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Geng ◽  
Awais Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stem Water

scholarly journals Response of Bromus valdivianus (Pasture Brome) Growth and Physiology to Defoliation Frequency Based on Leaf Stage Development

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Iván P. Ordóñez ◽  
Ignacio F. López ◽  
Peter D. Kemp ◽  
Daniel J. Donaghy ◽  
Yongmei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Defoliation Frequency ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The increase in drought events due to climate change have enhanced the relevance of species with greater tolerance or avoidance traits to water restriction periods, such as Bromus valdivianus Phil. (B. valdivianus). In southern Chile, B. valdivianus and Lolium perenne L. (L. perenne) coexist; however, the pasture defoliation criterion is based on the physiological growth and development of L. perenne. It is hypothesised that B. valdivianus needs a lower defoliation frequency than L. perenne to enhance its regrowth and energy reserves. Defoliation frequencies tested were based on B. valdivianus leaf stage 2 (LS-2), leaf stage 3 (LS-3), leaf stage 4 (LS-4) and leaf stage 5 (LS-5). The leaf stage development of Lolium perenne was monitored and contrasted with that of B. valdivianus. The study was conducted in a glasshouse and used a randomised complete block design. For Bromus valdivianus, the lamina length, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, tiller number per plant, leaf area, leaf weights, root growth rate, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) and starch were evaluated. Bromus valdivianus maintained six live leaves with three leaves growing simultaneously. When an individual tiller started developing its seventh leaf, senescence began for the second leaf (the first relevant leaf for photosynthesis). Plant herbage mass, the root growth rate and tiller growth were maximised at LS-4 onwards. The highest leaf elongation rate, evaluated through the slope of the lamina elongation curve of a fully expanded leaf, was verified at LS-4. The water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) increased at LS-5; however, no statistical differences were found in LS-4. The LS-3 and LS-2 treatments showed a detrimental effect on WSCs and regrowth. The leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance diminished while the leaf age increased. In conclusion, B. valdivianus is a ‘six-leaf’ species with leaf senescence beginning at LS-4.25. Defoliation at LS-4 and LS-5 was optimum for plant regrowth, maximising the aboveground plant parameters and total WSC accumulation. The LS-4 for B. valdivianus was equivalent to LS-3.5 for L. perenne. No differences related to tiller population in B. valdivianus were found in the different defoliation frequencies.

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