Novel strategy of natural antioxidant nutrition quality evaluation in food: Oxidation resistance mechanism and synergistic effects investigation

Decoction is one of the oldest forms of traditional Chinese medicine and it is widely used in clinical practice. However, the quality evaluation and control of traditional decoction is a challenge due to the characteristics of complicated constituents, water as solvent, and temporary preparation. ShenFu Prescription Decoction (SFPD) is a classical prescription for preventing and treating many types of cardiovascular disease. In this article, a comprehensive and rapid method for quality evaluation and control of SFPD was developed, via qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major components by integrating ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultra-fast-performance liquid chromatography equipped with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Consequently, a total of 39 constituents were tentatively identified in qualitative analysis, of which 21 compounds were unambiguously confirmed by comparing with reference substances. We determined 13 important constituents within 7 min by multiple reaction monitoring. The validated method was applied for determining five different proportion SFPDs. It was found that different proportions generated great influence on the dissolution of constituents. This may be one of the mechanisms for which different proportions play different synergistic effects. Therefore, the developed method is a fast and useful approach for quality evaluation of SFPD.

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OXIDATION RESISTANCE MECHANISM OF ZrB2–Al2O3–Y2O3 COMPOSITE PARTICLES

Surface Review and Letters ◽

10.1142/s0218625x07010470 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 14 (05) ◽

pp. 945-950 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. G. SONG ◽

J. G. LI ◽

J. R. SONG ◽

L. M. ZHANG

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Oxidation Resistance ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Composite Particles ◽

Good Oxidation Resistance ◽

High Temperature Materials ◽

Better Than

Although ZrB 2 has some excellent performances, it is easily oxidized in the high-temperature air, which is deadly shortcoming as high-temperature materials. To increase the high-temperature performances of ZrB 2, Al 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 particles are coated on the ZrB 2 surface to prepare ZrB 2– Al 2 O 3– Y 2 O 3 composite particles. The oxidation resistance mechanism of ZrB 2– Al 2 O 3– Y 2 O 3 composite particles is investigated by DTA-TG, TEM, and XRD. The surface of ZrB 2 particle is coated with compact Al 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 particles, which establishes the foundation to attain good oxidation resistance. ZrB 2 particle is mainly oxidized to increase the weight, from 600°C to 800°C. B 2 O 3, obtained through the oxidization reaction, might coat on the surface of ZrB 2 particle to retard the oxidization reaction, which further increases the oxidation resistance. The oxidation resistance of coated ZrB 2 particle is far better than that of original ZrB 2 particle.

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Synergistic Effects of Adding a Substrate and an Organic Reductant for Stimulating the Bioremediation of 4-chloronitrobenzene-contaminated Soil

10.21203/rs.3.rs-57928/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tian Li ◽

Ping Zhang ◽

Kun Qian ◽

Tian.C Zhang

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soil ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Sufficient Information ◽

Batch Reactors ◽

Future Studies ◽

Organic Nitrogen Source ◽

Novel Strategy ◽

First Time ◽

Soil Batch

Abstract Background:Soil contaminated with 4-chloronitrobenzene (4NCB) is resistant to microbial degradation due to the electron-withdrawing properties of the nitro and chloro groups in 4NCB. Currently, sufficient information is not available on how to use biostimulation strategies to enhance the bioremediation of 4NCB-contaminated soil.Results:In the present study, a novel strategy was developed by utilizing the synergistic effects of adding an organic reductant (ascorbic acid, VC) and an organic nitrogen source (peptone) to stimulate the biodegradation of 4NCB-contaminated soil. Using this strategy, the bioremediation of 1 g-4NCB/ kg-1 soil could be completed within 8 days in soil batch reactors. Furthermore, the study discovered two 4NCB cometabolic intermediates in the soil reactors added with peptone and VC, and for the first time, 4NCB was transformed to 4-chlorofromanilide.Conclusion:The proposed strategy is promising because it is highly efficient, easy to control and involves a non-toxic, environmentally friendly substrate/reductant.). Finally, this approach warrants future studies to extend its applications to soils contaminated with other nitroaromatic compounds.

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Response Mechanisms of Plants Under Saline-Alkali Stress

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.667458 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Shumei Fang ◽

Xue Hou ◽

Xilong Liang

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Physiological Adaptation ◽

Alkali Stress ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Stress Studies

As two coexisting abiotic stresses, salt stress and alkali stress have severely restricted the development of global agriculture. Clarifying the plant resistance mechanism and determining how to improve plant tolerance to salt stress and alkali stress have been popular research topics. At present, most related studies have focused mainly on salt stress, and salt-alkali mixed stress studies are relatively scarce. However, in nature, high concentrations of salt and high pH often occur simultaneously, and their synergistic effects can be more harmful to plant growth and development than the effects of either stress alone. Therefore, it is of great practical importance for the sustainable development of agriculture to study plant resistance mechanisms under saline-alkali mixed stress, screen new saline-alkali stress tolerance genes, and explore new plant salt-alkali tolerance strategies. Herein, we summarized how plants actively respond to saline-alkali stress through morphological adaptation, physiological adaptation and molecular regulation.

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Tribological Performance of Nickel-Plated Regular Hexagonal Texture on a Brass Surface Under Boundary Lubrication

Journal of Tribology ◽

10.1115/1.4045767 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Xiangbo Chen ◽

Xiaofang Huang ◽

Zhenping Wan ◽

Longsheng Lu ◽

Zhihui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Friction Coefficient ◽

Boundary Lubrication ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Electroless Nickel ◽

Tribological Performance ◽

Wear Loss ◽

Cu Alloy ◽

Brass Surface ◽

Novel Strategy

Abstract A novel bio-inspired nickel-plated regular hexagonal texture (NPRHT) was proposed and fabricated by photolithography combined with electroless nickel plating to improve the tribological performance of a shaft/bushing bearing under boundary lubrication. The friction coefficient, wear loss, and wear resistance mechanism of the NPRHT that was fabricated on the brass surface were investigated under line contact sliding. It is found that the nickel-plated textured samples show a lower friction coefficient than the non-textured samples with a maximum reduction of 43.6% at a sliding speed of 0.02 m/s. The wear rate coefficient of the nickel-plated textured sample decreases by 42.86% compared with that of the non-textured sample. The energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirm that the nickel element is transferred from the nickel-plated textured area to the brass zone, resulting in the formation of a Ni/Cu alloy, NiO and Ni2O3 successively. These three films can improve lubricity, repair wear defects, and protect surfaces from oxidation. The experimental results show that the NPRHT provides a novel strategy to manage the friction and wear of shaft/bushing bearings under boundary lubrication.

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Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor G28 Shows Anticancer Activity in EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma Models

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12051283 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1283 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emma Polonio-Alcalá ◽

Sònia Palomeras ◽

Daniel Torres-Oteros ◽

Joana Relat ◽

Marta Planas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Tyrosine Kinases ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Kinase Inhibitor ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

T790m Mutation ◽

Secondary Resistance ◽

Egfr Tkis

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs) are effective therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients whose tumors harbor an EGFR activating mutation. However, this treatment is not curative due to primary and secondary resistance such as T790M mutation in exon 20. Recently, activation of transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in NSCLC appeared as an alternative resistance mechanism allowing cancer cells to elude the EGFR signaling. Overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a multifunctional enzyme essential for endogenous lipogenesis, has been related to resistance and the regulation of the EGFR/Jak2/STAT signaling pathways. Using EGFR mutated (EGFRm) NSCLC sensitive and EGFR TKIs’ resistant models (Gefitinib Resistant, GR) we studied the role of the natural polyphenolic anti-FASN compound (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and its derivative G28 to overcome EGFR TKIs’ resistance. We show that G28’s cytotoxicity is independent of TKIs’ resistance mechanisms displaying synergistic effects in combination with gefitinib and osimertinib in the resistant T790M negative (T790M−) model and showing a reduction of activated EGFR and STAT3 in T790M positive (T790M+) models. Our results provide the bases for further investigation of G28 in combination with TKIs to overcome the EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC.

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Molecular characteristics and in vitro effects of antimicrobial combinations on planktonic and biofilm forms of Elizabethkingia anophelis

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/dkab018 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hung-Jen Tang ◽

Yi-Tsung Lin ◽

Chi-Chung Chen ◽

Chih-Wei Chen ◽

Ying-Chen Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effect ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Vitro Activity ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

Antibiotic Combination

Abstract Objectives To investigate the in vitro activity of antibiotics against clinical Elizabethkingia anophelis isolates and to find a suitable antibiotic combination with synergistic effects to combat antibiotic-resistant E. anophelis and its associated biofilm. Methods E. anophelis isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing; 30 strains with different pulsotypes were identified and the MIC, antibiotic resistance mechanism, antibiotic combination activity and killing effects of antimicrobial agents on biofilms of these strains were determined. Results All E. anophelis isolates were susceptible to minocycline and cefoperazone/sulbactam (1:1). More than 90% of clinical isolates were susceptible to cefoperazone/sulbactam (1:0.5), piperacillin/tazobactam and rifampicin. Some novel mutations, such as gyrA G81D, parE D585N and parC P134T, that have never been reported before, were identified. The synergistic effect was most prominent for the combination of minocycline and rifampicin, with 93.3% of their FIC index values ≤0.5, and no antagonism was observed using the chequerboard method. This synergistic effect between minocycline and rifampicin was also observed using time–killing methods for clinical E. anophelis isolates at both normal inoculum and high inoculum. Twenty-nine isolates tested positive for biofilm formation. Minocycline remained active against biofilm-embedded and biofilm-released planktonic E. anophelis cells; however, the enhanced effect of minocycline by adding rifampicin was only observed at 24 h (not at 72 and 120 h). Conclusions Although E. anophelis was resistant to many antibiotics and could exhibit biofilm formation, minocycline showed potent in vitro activity against this pathogen and its associated biofilm.

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Broad Spectrum Antibacterial Ocotillol-Type Derivatives: Semi-Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Membrane-Active Mode of Action

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society ◽

10.21577/0103-5053.20210102 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xianming Zeng ◽

Ziyi Zhang ◽

Yunyun Zhou ◽

Shengyu Zhang ◽

Zhiwen Zhou

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Hek 293 ◽

Low Cytotoxicity ◽

New Compounds

A series of 3-amino substituted ocotillol-type derivatives were designed and synthesized for the first time. The in vitro antibacterial activity tests showed that some of the new compounds exhibited excellent antibacterial activity. Compound 13d, which was the most active one, displayed particularly strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) and E. coli with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1-4 μg mL-1. Further research also suggested that 13d showed low cytotoxicity to human normal cells HEK-293 and L02, strong synergistic effects with kanamycin or chloramphenicol and a broad antibacterial spectrum including against multidrug-resistant strains. This active molecule 13d also induced bacterial resistance more slowly than norfloxacin and colistin. Furthermore, the research results demonstrated that this type of compounds could disperse the established bacterial biofilms, thus suppressing or delaying the development of drug resistance. Mechanism studies have shown that compound 13d could damage the integrity of cell membranes, which in turn facilitated the antibacterial agents binding to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), leading to cell death. Therefore, these results indicated that the membrane active ocotillol-type derivatives are a promising class of antibacterial agents to fight against super bacteria and deserve further attention.

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Protective Alumina Scale Growth at 900 °C for a Ni- and Cr-Free Co-Base Model Alloy with γ/γ’-Microstructure: Synergistic Effects by Combining Shot-Peening and Halogenation

Oxidation of Metals ◽

10.1007/s11085-021-10087-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. P. Hagen ◽

K. Beck ◽

D. Kubacka ◽

H.-E. Zschau ◽

M. C. Galetz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidation Resistance ◽

Shot Peening ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Alumina Scale ◽

Model Alloy ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Scale Growth ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe oxidation resistance of novel γ/γ’-strengthened Co-base superalloys is clearly outmatched by their Ni-base counterparts within the high-temperature regime. Therefore, surface modification strategies to foster protective alumina growth seem auspicious. This study elucidates the impact of fluorination and shot-peening on protective alumina formation at 900 °C for a quaternary Co-base model alloy (Co-Al-W-Ta system) which is well known for an exceptionally low inherent oxidation resistance. Time-resolved isothermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) in synthetic air, detailed electron microscopic analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. For polished samples, no pronounced enhancement of oxidation resistance could be obtained by halogenation. However, in case of shot-peened samples (halogen-free), an increased tendency for alumina formation is found compared to polished surfaces. The very early stages of oxidation were identified to be especially crucial with respect to sustainable protective scale growth. Most noteworthy is the observation of a strong synergistic effect derived by a combination of halogenation and shot-peening, leading to significantly increased oxidation resistance.

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