Evaluation of nutritional composition and technological functionality of whole American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), its skin, and its legs as potential food ingredients

Buckwheat is one of the potential food ingredients for the functional food industry. A growing trend for consumer demand highlights the need for the development of composite flour-based bakery products like cookies and cakes. The aim of this study was to analysis the nutrient composition, and microbiological safety examination of buckwheat fortified cakes (BFC), as well as comparative evaluation with locally available branded cakes (LBC). BFC was prepared with the incorporation of 10, 20, 30, and 40% buckwheat flour in wheat flour to measure the quality and acceptability of cakes. As the concentration of buckwheat flour was increased up to 30%, BFC got the best quality, and high sensorial acceptability score evaluated by skilled panelists. BFC had the highest protein, fat, fiber, and micronutrients than all other LBC. No significant (P<0.05) changes were found in sensory tests of the tested cakes. On the basis of microbiological point of view, BFC was found acceptable up to 09 days. Therefore, cake prepared with the incorporation of 30% buckwheat in wheat flour is nutritionally more acceptable than other cakes available in Bangladesh.

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Profile of cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters of American Bullfrog tadpoles Lithobates catesbeianus exposed to density and hypoxia stressors

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2012001300016 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. 91-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Patricia C. Teixeira ◽

Danielle C. Dias ◽

Guilherme C. Rocha ◽

Antônio M. Antonucci ◽

Fernanda M. França ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Air Exposure ◽

Physiological Profile ◽

Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽

American Bullfrog ◽

Physiological Alterations ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations to the physiological profile (cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters) of Lithobates catesbeianus caused by the stressors density and hypoxia. The organisms were in the prometamorphosis stage and exposed to different tadpole densities: 1 tadpole/L (T1), 5 tadpoles/L (T2), and 10 tadpoles/L (T3) for 12 days. The blood was collected through the rupture of the caudal blood vessel and collected under normoxia (immediate collection) and hypoxia (after 15 minutes of air exposure) conditions. Cortisol levels rose on the fourth and eighth days of treatment and returned to basal levels by the end of the experiment. The stressor mechanisms tested did not affect glycaemia. White blood cells (total number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils) showed a significant difference at the twelfth day of the experiment when compared with the start of the experiment. We concluded that, under controlled conditions, a density of up to 10 tadpoles/L and air exposure for 15 minutes did not cause harmful physiological alterations during the experimental period. The answer to these stressors maybe was in another hormonal level (corticosterone).

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Metamorphic acceleration following the exposure to lithium and selenium on American bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus)

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 207 ◽

pp. 111101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Felipe Augusto Pinto Vidal ◽

Fábio Camargo Abdalla ◽

Cleoni dos Santos Carvalho ◽

Heidi Samantha Moraes Utsunomiya ◽

Leonardo Antônio Teixeira Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽

American Bullfrog

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Mass Flux and "Nutritional Composition" of settling Epilimnetic Particles in Lake Michigan

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f89-145 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 1118-1124 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Wayne S. Gardner ◽

Brian J. Eadie ◽

Joann F. Chandler ◽

Christopher C. Parrish ◽

John M. Malczyk

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Biogenic Silica ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Lake Michigan ◽

Algal Bloom ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Organic Content ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Benthic Organisms ◽

Potential Food

A series of sediment-trap samples, collected at a 30-m depth in southeastern Lake Michigan, was analyzed to evaluate the seasonal flux and nutritional value of settling epilimnetic particles as potential food for benthic organisms. Flux was highest in the spring (due in part to resuspension), lowest in the summer during stratification, and intermediate during autumn months. Organic content of the particles ranged from 10% ash free dry weight (AFDW) in March through May samples to 17–19% in July–August samples. During the summer, microbial degradation of organic materials occurred in the trap bottles without added preservative, as evidenced by less AFDW in nonpreserved trap bottles than in similar chloroform-preserved bottles. The percentage of AFDW occuring as lipid ranged from 3.5% in April–May up to 14% during May through August. Dominant lipid classes were hydrocarbons, polar lipids including phospholipids and chlorophyll a, and free fatty acids. The ratio of n-alkane C-17 (algal indicator) to n-alkane C-29 (terrestrial or resuspension indicator) and the ratio of biogenic silica to AFDW in preserved samples both reached a maximum in May, shortly before lipid content peaked in the benthic amphipod, Pontoporeia hoyi. This observation agrees with the hypothesis that P. hoyi receives much of its nutrition from the spring algal bloom.

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Experimental Evidence for American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) Susceptibility to Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis)

EcoHealth ◽

10.1007/s10393-013-0832-8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 166-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Stephanie S. Gervasi ◽

Jenny Urbina ◽

Jessica Hua ◽

Tara Chestnut ◽

Rick A. Relyea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Evidence ◽

Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽

Chytrid Fungus ◽

Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽

American Bullfrog

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Global DNA methylation, as estimated in blood samples, does not correlate with variations of body condition, anatomical features and hematological parameters in American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) kept captive under distinct environmental conditions

10.1101/156265 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Braulio Ayala García ◽

Alma L. Fuentes-Farías ◽

Gabriel Gutiérrez Ospina

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Gene Mutations ◽

Global Dna Methylation ◽

Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽

American Bullfrog ◽

Males And Females ◽

Scaled Mass Index ◽

The Relationship

AbstractDifferent levels of Global DNA Methylation (GDM) could have facilitated the emergence of new species, without relying on gene mutations, through promoting ontogenetic phenotypic plasticity. If this assertion was correct, one could expect individuals of the same species living under distinct environmental conditions to be genetically similar, but having different GDM levels and being phenotypically divergent. We tested this presumption by studying the relationship between variability of functional morphological traits and GDM levels in American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), in green houses located in two geographical sites. Our analyses revealed that body linear morphometry, skull geometry, scaled mass index, packed cell volume and neutrophil counts differed significantly among males and females within and between localities. GDM, nonetheless, was rather similar among sex and locality groups. These results show that levels of GDM, at least under our experimental contexts, does not correlate with functional morphological trait variability.

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Checklist of amphibians of Nayarit, western Mexico

Check List ◽

10.15560/10.6.1336 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1336 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Victor H. Luja ◽

Ivan T. Ahumada-Carrillo ◽

Paulino Ponce-Campos ◽

Elsa Figueroa-Esquivel

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

The State ◽

Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽

Western Mexico ◽

American Bullfrog ◽

International Laws ◽

Near Future ◽

Special Protection

Nayarit is one of the Mexican states where less has been published regarding the fauna of amphibians. The aim of this work was to generate a list of amphibians of Nayarit through literature review and fieldwork. The amphibian fauna of Nayarit consists of 37 species, belonging to 21 genera, 10 families, and two orders. Among these 37 species, 36 are native, 21 are endemic to Mexico, and one is exotic (the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus). In total, nine species are under the category of “Special Protection” and one as “Endangered” by Mexican laws and four (one as “Endangered” and three as “Vulnerable”) under international laws of protection. In the near future, our expectation is that more species will be added to the list of species of amphibians in Nayarit, as more fieldwork remains to be done in some remote and unexplored areas of the state.

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