Effect of additive structure on the performance of biodiesel fuel winterization

In this study, the sunflowers oil was utilized as for producing biodiesel via a chemical operation, which is called trans-esterification reaction. Iraqi diesel fuel suffers from high sulfur content, which makes it one of the worst fuels in the world. This study is an attempt to improve the fuel specifications by reducing the sulfur content of the addition of biodiesel fuel to diesel where this fuel is free of sulfur and has a thermal energy that approaches to diesel.20%, 30% and 50% of Biodiesel fuel were added to the conventional diesel. Performance tests and pollutants of a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine were performed. The results indicated that the brake thermal efficiency a decreased by (4%, 16%, and 22%) for the B20, B30 and B50, respectively. The increase in specific fuel consumption was (60%, 33%, and 11%) for the B50, B30, and B20 fuels, respectively for the used fuel blends compared to neat diesel fuel. The engine exhaust gas emissions measures manifested a decreased of CO and HC were CO decreased by (13%), (39%) and (52%), and the HC emissions were lower by (6.3%), (32%), and (46%) for B20, B30 and B50 respectively, compared to diesel fuel. The reduction of exhaust gas temperature was (7%), (14%), and (32%) for B20, B30 and B50 respectively. The NOx emission increased with the increase in biodiesel blends ratio. For B50, the raise was (29.5%) in comparison with diesel fuel while for B30 and B20, the raise in the emissions of NOx was (18%) and...

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Experimental Investigation on Perovskite Nanomaterial as an Additive for Biodiesel Fuel using Taguchi

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2017.8126 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol V (VIII) ◽

pp. 896-902

Author(s):

Kalpana G. Joshi

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Biodiesel Fuel

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Cultivation of Rapeseed in the Southern Urals and Its Rational Use

Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK ◽

10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-1-78-86 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 78-86

Author(s):

Nikolay S. Sergeev ◽

Mikhail V. Zapevalov ◽

Alexander V. Gritsenko

Keyword(s):

Southern Urals ◽

Research Purpose ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

The Southern Urals ◽

Rational Use ◽

Chelyabinsk Region ◽

Spring Rape

In the continental climate of the southern Urals, rapeseed compares favorably with many forage and traditional silage crops with a high protein content and adaptive properties. The cultivation of rapeseed guarantees the production of its own seeds, up to 40 percent of oil, 60 percent of cake and 98 percent of rapeseed flour. (The research purpose) The research purpose is in improving the efficiency of rapeseed cultivation and rational use of rapeseed seeds, rapeseed flour and oil in the agricultural production in the Chelyabinsk region. (Materials and methods) The influence of various forecrops on the productivity and quality of spring rape seeds in the links of grain-pair crop rotations in the Northern forest-steppe of the Chelyabinsk region were studied. Authors have analyzed the chemical composition of the soil and seeds of spring rape after various forecrops. (Results and discussion) The article proposes to reduce energy costs during pressing and reduce residual oil in the cake after pre-grinding of rapeseed by cutting method using a centrifugal-rotary shredder. The article shows that rapeseed flour has a good flowability and is easily mixed with other feeds. It was found that partial replacement of concentrates with rapeseed flour in the amount of 8-12 percent of the total weight in the diet of lactating cows contributes to an increase in milk productivity by 1.1-1.8 kilograms in terms of milk of 4 percent fat content. (Conclusions) It has been revealed that in order to increase the yield and quality of spring rape seeds, it is necessary to place them on the best forecrops. It was found that when 75 percent of rapeseed oil is mixed with 25 percent of diesel fuel, the obtained biodiesel is not inferior to diesel in terms of energy indicators. The article proves that when cultivating rapeseed for seeds on an area of 100 hectares, it is possible to produce 94.5 tons of biodiesel fuel, 106.0 tons of cake with an oil content of 5 percent and 8.4 tons of oil sludge, the estimated economic effect after sale is of 3,813,325 rubles.

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Ultrafine particles altered gut microbial population and metabolic profiles in a sex-specific manner in an obese mouse model

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85784-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kundi Yang ◽

Mengyang Xu ◽

Jingyi Cao ◽

Qi Zhu ◽

Monica Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultrafine Particles ◽

Microbial Population ◽

Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Mouse ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Obese Mice ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractEmerging evidence has highlighted the connection between exposure to air pollution and the increased risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and comorbidities. Given the recent interest in studying the effects of ultrafine particle (UFP) on the health of obese individuals, this study examined the effects of gastrointestinal UFP exposure on gut microbial composition and metabolic function using an in vivo murine model of obesity in both sexes. UFPs generated from light-duty diesel engine combustion of petrodiesel (B0) and a petrodiesel/biodiesel fuel blend (80:20 v/v, B20) were administered orally. Multi-omics approaches, including liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) based targeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, semi-quantitatively compared the effects of 10-day UFP exposures on obese C57B6 mouse gut microbial population, changes in diversity and community function compared to a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) control group. Our results show that sex-specific differences in the gut microbial population in response to UFP exposure can be observed, as UFPs appear to have a differential impact on several bacterial families in males and females. Meanwhile, the alteration of seventy-five metabolites from the gut microbial metabolome varied significantly (ANOVA p < 0.05) across the PBS control, B0, and B20 groups. Multivariate analyses revealed that the fuel-type specific disruption to the microbial metabolome was observed in both sexes, with stronger disruptive effects found in females in comparison to male obese mice. Metabolic signatures of bacterial cellular oxidative stress, such as the decreased concentration of nucleotides and lipids and increased concentrations of carbohydrate, energy, and vitamin metabolites were detected. Furthermore, blood metabolites from the obese mice were differentially affected by the fuel types used to generate the UFPs (B0 vs. B20).

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A comprehensive review of the influences of nanoparticles as a fuel additive in an internal combustion engine (ICE)

Nanotechnology Reviews ◽

10.1515/ntrev-2020-0104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1326-1349

Author(s):

Siti Nurul Akmal Yusof ◽

Nor Azwadi Che Sidik ◽

Yutaka Asako ◽

Wan Mohd. Arif Aziz Japar ◽

Saiful Bahri Mohamed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Combustion Engine ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

High Energy ◽

Combustion Efficiency ◽

Fuel Properties ◽

Future Research ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Fuel Additive ◽

Engine Combustion ◽

Research Findings

Abstract Nanofluid is a colloidal mixture consisting of nano-sized particles dispersed in a liquid medium. It improves heat transfer properties and promotes high energy efficiency in a wide spectrum of engineering applications. In recent years, particularly in the automotive industry, the addition of nanofluid in diesel/biodiesel as an additive for ICE has become an attractive approach to promote enhanced combustion efficiency and emission reduction due to their superior thermophysical properties. Many researchers have previously demonstrated that the addition of nanoparticles in diesel/biodiesel fuel improved the overall engine combustion characteristics. As a whole, this study aims to summarize the recent research findings related to the effect of nanoparticles on the fuel properties and engine combustion efficiency. Furthermore, different types of additive blended with varying fuel properties are also compared and discussed. Lastly, the advantages and prospects of using nanofluid as an additive fuel are summarized for future research opportunities.

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