The effect of different types of exercise training on diet-induced obesity in rats, cross-talk between cell cycle proteins and apoptosis in testis

A diet high in polyphenols is associated with a diversified gut microbiome. Tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world, after water. The health benefits of tea might be attributed to the presence of polyphenol compounds such as flavonoids (e.g., catechins and epicatechins), theaflavins, and tannins. Although many studies have been conducted on tea, little is known of its effects on the trillions of gut microbiota. Hence, this review aimed to systematically study the effect of tea polyphenols on the stimulation or suppression of gut microbiota in humans and animals. It was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Articles were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus databases, and data were extracted from 6 human trials and 15 animal studies. Overall, large variations were observed in terms of microbiota composition between humans and animals. A more consistent pattern of diversified microbiota was observed in animal studies. Tea alleviated the gut microbiota imbalance caused by high-fat diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and ultraviolet-induced damage. The overall changes in microbiota composition measured by beta diversity analysis showed that tea had shifted the microbiota from the pattern seen in animals that received tea-free intervention. In humans, a prebiotic-like effect was observed toward the gut microbiota, but these results appeared in lower-quality studies. The beta diversity in human microbiota remains intact despite tea intervention; supplementation with different teas affects different types of bacterial taxa in the gut. These studies suggest that tea polyphenols may have a prebiotic effect in disease-induced animals and in a limited number of human interventions. Further intervention is needed to identify the mechanisms of action underlying the effects of tea on gut microbiota.

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Cell cycle regulatory proteins in renal disease: role in hypertrophy, proliferation, and apoptosis

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.2000.278.4.f515 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 278 (4) ◽

pp. F515-F529 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Stuart J. Shankland ◽

Gunter Wolf

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Renal Function ◽

Renal Disease ◽

Cell Injury ◽

Critical Role ◽

Regulatory Proteins ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Cell Cycle Proteins ◽

Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽

Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins

The response to glomerular and tubulointerstitial cell injury in most forms of renal disease includes changes in cell number (proliferation and apoptosis) and cell size (hyerptrophy). These events typically precede and may be reponsible for the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins that leads to a decrease in renal function. There is increasing evidence showing that positive (cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases) and negative (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors) cell cycle regulatory proteins have a critical role in regulating these fundamental cellular responses to immune and nonimmune forms of injury. Data now show that altering specific cell cycle proteins affects renal cell proliferation and improves renal function. Equally exciting is the expanding body of literature showing novel biological roles for cell cycle proteins in the regulation of cell hypertrophy and apoptosis. With increasing understanding of the role for cell cyle regulatory proteins in renal disease comes the hope for potential therapeutic inverventions.

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The Impact of Different Types of Exercise Training on Peripheral Blood Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Concentrations in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis

Sports Medicine ◽

10.1007/s40279-019-01148-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (10) ◽

pp. 1529-1546 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nastasia Marinus ◽

Dominique Hansen ◽

Peter Feys ◽

Raf Meesen ◽

Annick Timmermans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Blood Brain ◽

Different Types ◽

The Impact

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Prognostic Value of Cell Cycle Proteins in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Oral Cavity

Journal of Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis ◽

10.4172/2155-9929.1000111 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 02 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Marcilei Eliza Ca vicchioli Buim ◽

José Humberto Fregnani ◽

Silvia Vanessa Lourenço ◽

Cibele Pidorodeski Nagano

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽

Cell Cycle Proteins

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Presence of Human Papillomavirus and Epstein–Barr Virus, but Absence of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus, in Head and Neck Cancer of Non-Smokers and Non-Drinkers

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2020.560434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Frans J. Mulder ◽

Faisal Klufah ◽

Famke M. E. Janssen ◽

Farzaneh Farshadpour ◽

Stefan M. Willems ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus ◽

Merkel Cell ◽

Cell Cycle Proteins ◽

P53 Expression ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Epstein Barr

ObjectiveDetermine the presence and prognostic value of human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), and cell cycle proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of non-smokers and non-drinkers (NSND).MethodsClinical characteristics and tumors of 119 NSND with HNSCC were retrospectively collected and analyzed on tissue microarrays. RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) was used to screen for the presence of HPV and MCPyV mRNA. Immunohistochemistry was performed for expression of p16 as surrogate marker for HPV, Large T-antigen for MCPyV, and cell cycle proteins p53 and pRb. Positive virus results were confirmed with polymerase chain reaction. For EBV, EBV encoded RNA ISH was performed. Differences in 5-year survival between virus positive and negative tumors were determined by log rank analysis.ResultsAll oropharyngeal tumors (OPSCC) (n = 10) were HPV-positive, in addition to one oral (OSCC) and one nasopharyngeal tumor (NPSCC). The other three NPSCC were EBV-positive. MCPyV was not detected. Patients with HPV or EBV positive tumors did not have a significantly better 5-year disease free or overall survival. Over 70% of virus negative OSCC showed mutant-type p53 expression.ConclusionIn this cohort, all OPSCC and NPSCC showed HPV or EBV presence. Besides one OSCC, all other oral (n = 94), hypopharyngeal (n = 1), and laryngeal (n = 9) tumors were HPV, EBV, and MCPyV negative. This argues against a central role of these viruses in the ethiopathogenesis of tumors outside the oro- and nasopharynx in NSND. So, for the majority of NSND with virus negative OSCC, more research is needed to understand the carcinogenic mechanisms in order to consider targeted therapeutic options.

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Exercise Training Attenuates Sympathetic Activation and Oxidative Stress in Diet-Induced Obesity

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.932851 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 355-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G. LI ◽

J.-Y. LIU ◽

H.-X. ZHANG ◽

Q. LI ◽

S.-W. ZHANG

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Sympathetic Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Plasma Norepinephrine ◽

Sympathetic Activation ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

And Oxidative Stress

It is known that excessive sympathetic activity and oxidative stress are enhanced in obesity. This study aimed to clarify whether exercise training (ET) attenuates sympathetic activation and oxidative stress in obesity. The obesity was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: regular diet (RD) plus sedentary (RD-S), RD plus ET (RD-ET), HFD plus sedentary (HFD-S), and HFD plus ET (HFD-ET). The rats in RD-ET and HFD-ET groups were trained on a motorized treadmill for 60 min/day, five days/week for 8 weeks. The sympathetic activity was evaluated by the plasma norepinephrine (NE) level. The superoxide anion, malondialdehyde and F2-isoprostanes levels in serum and muscles were measured to evaluate oxidative stress. The ET prevented the increases in the body weight, arterial pressure and white adipose tissue mass in HFD rats. The NE level in plasma and oxidative stress related parameters got lower in HFD-ET group compared with HFD-S group. We have found decreased mRNA and protein levels of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 by ET in HFD rats. These findings suggest that ET may be effective for attenuating sympathetic activation and oxidative stress in diet-induced obesity.

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