Changes of RAPD profile of Trypanosoma cruzi II with Canova and Benznidazole

Homeopathy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 97 (02) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Lessa Aleixo ◽  
Fabiana Nabarro Ferraz ◽  
Carolina Sundin de Melo ◽  
Mônica Lúcia Gomes ◽  
Max Jean Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Rapd Profile ◽  
Random Amplification ◽  
Liver Infusion Tryptose

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, involves immunomediated processes. Canova (CA) is a homeopathic treatment indicated in the diseases in which the immune system is depressed. This study evaluated the Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profile of T. cruzi under the influence of CA and Benznidazole (BZ). Mice infected with the genetic lineage of T. cruzi II (Y strain) were divided into 4 groups:Infected animals treated with saline solution (control group); treated with CA; treated with BZ; treated with CA and BZ combined.Treatment was given at the 5th–25th days of infection (D5–25). The parasites were isolated by haemoculture in Liver Infusion Tryptose (LIT) medium: at D5 (before treatment), D13, 15 and 25 (during treatment) and D55 and 295 (after treatment). DNA was extracted from the mass of parasites. RAPD was done with the primers λgt11-F, M13F-40 and L15996, the amplified products were eletrophoresed through a 4% polyacrylamide gel. Data were analyzed by the coefficient of similarity using the DNA-POP program.163 markers were identified, 5 of them monomorphic. CA did not act against the parasites when used alone. The RAPD profiles of parasites treated with BZ and CA + BZ were different from those in the control group and in the group treated with CA. The actions of the CA and BZ were different and the action of BZ was different from the action of CA + BZ. These data suggest that CA may interact with BZ. The differences in the RAPD profile of the Y strain of T. cruzi produced by BZ, CA + BZ and the natural course of the infection suggest selection/suppression of populations.

scholarly journals Effects of betamethasone on the course of experimentai. Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico G.C. Abath ◽  
Yara M. Gomes ◽  
Eridan M. Coutinho ◽  
Silvia M.L. Montenegro ◽  
Maria E.B. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Experimental Group

In this experiment, the effect of betamethasone administered in the early post- acute infection of mice by Trypanosoma cruzi was studied. This drug was administered during 30 days after the 42nd day of infection in a dose of 0.15 mg/day. The betamethasone treatment did not cause fresh outbreaks of parasitemia and the histopathological findings in the chronic phase were not different from those in the control group. The higher cumulative mortality after treatment in the experimental group was due to superimposed bacterial infections. Outbred albino mice infected with low numbers ofY strain Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes were not suitable models for Chagas' disease, since after 7 months of observation only mild histological lesions developed in all the animais. Prolonged betamethasone treatment of mice infected with low numbers o/Trypanosoma cruzi of the Y strain, during the post-acute phase did not aggravate the course of infection.

Chagas' disease: Trypanosoma cruzi vs. the host immune system

1991 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hontebeyrie-Joskowicz ◽  
P. Minoprio
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Host Immune System

scholarly journals Chagas Disease: Still Many Unsolved Issues

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Álvarez ◽  
Raissa Fonseca ◽  
Henrique Borges da Silva ◽  
Cláudio R. F. Marinho ◽  
Karina R. Bortoluci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Immune Effector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chronic Heart Disease

Over the past 20 years, the immune effector mechanisms involved in the control ofTrypanosoma cruzi, as well as the receptors participating in parasite recognition by cells of the innate immune system, have been largely described. However, the main questions on the physiopathology of Chagas disease remain unanswered: “Why does the host immune system fail to provide sterile immunity?” and “Why do only a proportion of infected individuals develop chronic pathology?” In this review, we describe the mechanisms proposed to explain the inability of the immune system to eradicate the parasite and the elements that allow the development of chronic heart disease. Moreover, we discuss the possibility that the inability of infected cardiomyocytes to sense intracellularT. cruzicontributes to parasite persistence in the heart and the development of chronic pathology.

scholarly journals Mixed infections by different Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units among Chagas disease patients in an endemic community in Panama

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241921
Author(s):  
Alexa Prescilla Ledezma ◽  
Roberto Blandon ◽  
Alejandro G. Schijman ◽  
Alejandro Benatar ◽  
Azael Saldaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background Trypanosoma cruzi, the hemoparasite that causes Chagas disease, is divided into six Discrete Typing Units or DTUs: TcI-TcVI plus Tcbat. This genetic diversity is based on ecobiological and clinical characteristics associated with particular populations of the parasite. The main objective of this study was the identification of DTUs in patients with chronic chagasic infections from a mountainous rural community in the eastern region of Panama. Methods A total of 106 patients were tested for Chagas disease with three serological tests (ELISA, rapid test, and Western blot). Molecular diagnosis and DTU typing were carried out by conventional PCRs and qPCR targeting different genomic markers, respectively. As a control sample for the typing, 28 patients suspected to be chagasic from the metropolitan area of Panama City were included. Results Results showed a positivity in the evaluated patients of 42.3% (33/78); high compared to other endemic regions in the country. In the control group, 20/28 (71.43%) patients presented positive serology. The typing of samples from rural patients showed that 78.78% (26/33) corresponded to TcI, while 9.09% (3/33) were mixed infections (TcI plus TcII/V/VI). Seventy-five percent (15/20) of the patients in the control group presented TcI, and in five samples it was not possible to typify the T. cruzi genotype involved. Conclusions These results confirm that TcI is the main DTU of T. cruzi present in chronic chagasic patients from Panama. However, the circulation of other genotypes (TcII/V/VI) in this country is described for the first time. The eco-epidemiological characteristics that condition the circulation of TcII/V/VI, as well as the immune and clinical impact of mixed infections in this remote mountainous region should be investigated, which will help local action programs in the surveillance, prevention, and management of Chagas disease.

scholarly journals Alkaline soluble Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote antigen (ASEA) applied to dot-ELISA

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Lissaldo ◽  
Sumie Hoshino-Shimizu ◽  
Eufrosina Setsu Umezawa ◽  
Anna Maria Simonsen Stolf
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Dot Elisa ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

The alkaline soluble Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote antigen (ASEA) was assessed in dot-ELISA for the diagnosis of Chagas' disease. Serum samples (355) from chagasic and non-chagasic patients were studied, and IgG antibodies to ASEA were found in all patients with chronic Chagas' disease. In non-chagasic patients 95.6% were negative, except for those with leishmaniasis (visceral and mucocutaneous), and some patients from control group reacted in low titers. The data indicate that dot-ELISA using ASEA is suitable for seroepidemiologic surveys to be employed in endemic areas for Chagas' disease.

scholarly journals Comparison of seven diagnostic tests to detect Trypanosoma cruzi infection in patients in chronic phase of Chagas disease

2014 ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Fernanda Duarte ◽  
Oscar Roberto Flórez ◽  
Giovanna Rincón ◽  
Clara Isabel González
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of seven methods to determine Trypanosoma cruzi infection in patients with chronic Chagas disease. Methods: Analytical study, using the case-control design, which included 205 people (patients with Chagasic cardiomyopathy, n= 100; control group, n= 105). Three enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, one indirect hemagglutination assay and one immunochromatographic test were assessed. Additionally, DNA amplification was performed via the PCR method using kinetoplast and nuclear DNA as target sequences. For the comparative analysis of diagnostic tests, the parameters used were sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC), positive and negative likelihood ratio, as well as κ quality analysis. Results: The commercial Bioelisa Chagas test showed the highest sensitivity (98%), specificity (100%), and positive and negative predictive values; additionally it had the highest discriminatory power. Otherwise, the amplification of T. cruzi DNA in blood samples showed low values of sensitivity (kinetoplast DNA= 51%, nuclear DNA= 22%), but high values of specificity (100%), and moderate to low discriminatory ability. Conclusion: The comparative analysis among the different methods suggests that the diagnostic strategy of T. cruzi infection in patients with chronic Chagas disease can be performed using ELISA assays based on recombinant proteins and/or synthetic peptides, which show higher diagnosis performance and can confirm and exclude the diagnosis of T. cruzi infection. The molecular methods show poor performance when used in the diagnosis of patients with chronic Chagas disease.

scholarly journals Differential modulation of mouse heart gene expression by infection with twoTrypanosoma cruzistrains: a transcriptome analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
TBR Castro ◽  
MCC Canesso ◽  
M Boroni ◽  
DF Chame ◽  
D de Laet Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
Chronic Stage ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Expression Modulation

The protozoanTrypanosoma cruzi(T. cruzi) is a well-adapted parasite to mammalian hosts and the pathogen of Chagas disease in humans. As both host andT. cruziare highly genetically diverse, many variables come into play during infection, making disease outcomes difficult to predict. One important challenge in the field of Chagas disease research is determining the main factors leading to parasite establishment in the chronic stage in some organs, mainly the heart and/or digestive system. Our group previously showed that distinct strains ofT. cruzi(JG and Col1.7G2) acquired differential tissue distribution in the chronic stage in dually-infected BALB/c mice. To investigate changes in the host triggered by the two distinctT. cruzistrains, we assessed the gene expression profile of BALB/c mouse hearts infected with either JG, Col1.7G2 or an equivalent mixture of both parasites during the initial phase of infection. This study demonstrates a clear distinction in host gene expression modulation by both parasites. Col1.7G2 strongly activated Th1-polarized immune signature genes, whereas JG showed only minor activation of the host immune response. Moreover, JG strongly reduced the expression of genes for ribosomal proteins and mitochondrial proteins related to the electron transport chain. Interestingly, evaluation of gene expression in mice inoculated with the mixture of parasites showed expression profiles for both up- and down-regulated genes, indicating the coexistence of both parasite strains in the heart during the acute phase. This study suggests that different strains ofT. cruzimay be distinguished by their efficiency in activating the immune system, modulating host energy and reactive oxygen species production and decreasing protein synthesis during early infection, which may be crucial in defining parasite persistence in specific organs.Author SummaryThe causative agent of Chagas disease,Trypanosoma cruzi, retains high genetic diversity, and its populations vary greatly across geographic locations. TheT. cruzimammalian hosts, including humans, also have high genetic variation, making it difficult to predict the disease outcome. Accordingly, this variability must be taken into account in several studies aiming to interrogate the effect of polyparasitism in drug trials, vaccines, diagnosis or basic research. Therefore, there is a growing need to consider the interaction between the pathogen and the host immune system in mixed infections. In the present work, we present an in-depth analysis of the gene expression of hearts from BALB/c mice infected with Col1.7G2 and JG alone or a mixture of both strains. Col1.7G2 induced a higher Th1 inflammatory response, while JG exhibited a weaker activation of immune response genes. Furthermore, JG-infected mice showed a notable reduction in the expression of genes responsible for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and protein synthesis. Interestingly, the mixture-infected group displayed changes in gene expression as caused by both strains. Overall, we provided new insights into the host-pathogen interaction in the context of single and dual infection, showing remarkable differences in host gene expression modulation by twoT. cruzistrains.

scholarly journals Insecticidal efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto®) against Triatoma brasiliensis, a major vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamyres Bernadete Dantas Queiroga ◽  
Luanderson Cardoso Pereira Gomez ◽  
Eduardo Rodrigues de Sena ◽  
Wilo Victor dos Santos ◽  
Henrique Rafael Pontes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vector Transmission ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy

Abstract Background Triatomines are responsible for the vector transmission of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease. Triatoma brasiliensis is the main vector of the parasite in Brazil, and dogs are an important reservoir of the parasite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of fluralaner (Bravecto®) on T. brasiliensis after a blood meal in treated dogs. Methods Healthy mongrel dogs (n = 8) were recruited from the Zoonoses Control Center (ZCC) in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and randomized into two groups, a fluralaner (Bravecto®)-treated group (n = 4) and a control group (n = 4). Colony-reared third-, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs of T. brasiliensis nymphs (n = 10) were allowed to feed on dogs from both groups for 30–40 min, once monthly, for up to 12 months. Bug mortality was observed up to 5 days after each blood meal. Results Mortality in triatomines which had a blood meal on fluralaner (Bravecto®)-treated dogs was 100% for up to 7 months after treatment, with mortality decreasing to 66.4% after 8 months, 57% after 9 months, 35% after 10 months, 10% after 11 months and 0% after 12 months. The mortality of triatomines that fed on non-treated control dogs was always ≤ 2.5%. Conclusions Our results suggest that fluralaner (Bravecto®) treatment of dogs induces long-term mortality of T. brasiliensis after the blood meal. This is a potential approach to be used to control vector transmission of T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, especially in endemic areas. Graphical Abstract

Dynamics of T Cells Repertoire During Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and its Post-Treatment Modulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (36) ◽  
pp. 6519-6543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Egui ◽  
Paola Lasso ◽  
Elena Pérez-Antón ◽  
M. Carmen Thomas ◽  
Manuel Carlos López
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Chagas disease courses with different clinical phases and has a variable clinical presentation and progression. The acute infection phase mostly exhibits a non-specific symptomatology. In the absence of treatment, the acute phase is followed by a chronic phase, which is initially asymptomatic. This chronic asymptomatic phase of the disease is characterized by a fragile balance between the host’s immune response and the parasite replication. The loss of this balance is crucial for the progression of the sickness. The virulence and tropism of the T. cruzi infecting strain together to the inflammation processes in the cardiac tissue are the main factors for the establishment and severity of the cardiomyopathy. The efficacy of treatment in chronic Chagas disease patients is controversial. However, several studies carried out in chronic patients demonstrated that antiparasitic treatment reduces parasite load in the bloodstream and leads to an improvement in the immune response against the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite. The present review is mainly focused on the cellular patterns associated to the clinical status and the evolution of the disease in chronic patients, as well as the effectiveness of the treatment related to T. cruzi infection control. Therefore, an emphasis is placed on the dynamics of specific-antigens T cell subpopulations, their memory and activation phenotypes, their functionality and their contribution to pathogenesis or disease control, as well as their association with risk of congenital transmission of the parasite.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document