Crash risk factors associated with injury severity of teen drivers

Pressure injuries (PIs) are one of the most important and frequent complications in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) or those with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of PIs in patients with TBI admitted to the ICU. In this retrospective study, the medical records of 237 patients with TBI admitted to the trauma ICU of a university hospital were examined. Demographic, trauma-related, and treatment-related characteristics of all the patients were evaluated from their records. The incidence of PIs was 13.9%, while the main risk factors were a higher injury severity score, use of mechanical ventilation, vasopressor infusion, lower Braden Scale score, fever, and period of enteral feeding. This study advances the nursing practice in the ICU by predicting the development of PIs and their characteristics in patients with TBI.

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Analyzing Factors Associated with Fatal Road Crashes: A Machine Learning Approach

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17114111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 4111

Author(s):

Ali J. Ghandour ◽

Huda Hammoud ◽

Samar Al-Hajj

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Road Traffic Injury ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Road Crashes ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Ensemble Machine Learning

Road traffic injury accounts for a substantial human and economic burden globally. Understanding risk factors contributing to fatal injuries is of paramount importance. In this study, we proposed a model that adopts a hybrid ensemble machine learning classifier structured from sequential minimal optimization and decision trees to identify risk factors contributing to fatal road injuries. The model was constructed, trained, tested, and validated using the Lebanese Road Accidents Platform (LRAP) database of 8482 road crash incidents, with fatality occurrence as the outcome variable. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the influence of multiple factors on fatality occurrence. Seven out of the nine selected independent variables were significantly associated with fatality occurrence, namely, crash type, injury severity, spatial cluster-ID, and crash time (hour). Evidence gained from the model data analysis will be adopted by policymakers and key stakeholders to gain insights into major contributing factors associated with fatal road crashes and to translate knowledge into safety programs and enhanced road policies.

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A generalized ordered logit analysis of risk factors associated with driver injury severity

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1007/s10389-019-01135-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eric Nimako Aidoo ◽

Williams Ackaah

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Logit Analysis ◽

Ordered Logit ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Generalized Ordered Logit

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Homicidal Physical Violence: An Exploratory Analysis of Relevant Cognitive, Demographic, and Criminological Factors in a Sample of Murderers

Homicide Studies ◽

10.1177/1088767920935161 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 108876792093516

Author(s):

Callie Mazurek ◽

Michael Brook ◽

Mary Kwasny ◽

Robert E. Hanlon

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Exploratory Analysis ◽

Physical Injury ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Violent Offending ◽

Offender Characteristics ◽

Neuropsychological Evaluations

Homicide injury severity (HIS), the degree of physical injury inflicted on a victim during a homicide, has emerged as a relevant criminological variable. However, little is known regarding the offender characteristics and criminological variables that may be associated with greater HIS. Data (demographic, cognitive, and criminological variables) from forensic neuropsychological evaluations of N = 101 offenders convicted of murder, were explored in relation to the Homicide Injury Scale. Numerous factors were related to HIS. Results partially replicate prior findings of factors associated with violent offending and provide preliminary evidence for distinct risk factors for inflicting severe injury during a homicide.

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Investigating the Risk Factors Associated with the Severity of the Pedestrians Injured on Spanish Crosstown Roads

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11195194 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (19) ◽

pp. 5194 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Natalia Casado-Sanz ◽

Begoña Guirao ◽

Antonio Lara Galera ◽

Maria Attard

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Crash Data ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Road ◽

Pedestrian Injury ◽

On The Road ◽

Pedestrian Crashes

According to the Spanish General Traffic Accident Directorate, in 2017 a total of 351 pedestrians were killed, and 14,322 pedestrians were injured in motor vehicle crashes in Spain. However, very few studies have been conducted in order to analyse the main factors that contribute to pedestrian injury severity. This study analyses the accidents that involve a single vehicle and a single pedestrian on Spanish crosstown roads from 2006 to 2016 (1535 crashes). The factors that explain these accidents include infractions committed by the pedestrian and the driver, crash profiles, and infrastructure characteristics. As a preliminary tool for the segmentation of 1535 pedestrian crashes, a k-means cluster analysis was applied. In addition, multinomial logit (MNL) models were used for analysing crash data, where possible outcomes were fatalities and severe and minor injured pedestrians. According to the results of these models, the risk factors associated with pedestrian injury severity are as follows: visibility restricted by weather conditions or glare, infractions committed by the pedestrian (such as not using crossings, crossing unlawfully, or walking on the road), infractions committed by the driver (such as distracted driving and not respecting a light or a crossing), and finally, speed infractions committed by drivers (such as inadequate speed). This study proposes the specific safety countermeasures that in turn will improve overall road safety in this particular type of road.

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Roadway-Related Truck Crash Risk Analysis: Case Studies in Texas

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198118794055 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2672 (34) ◽

pp. 20-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qun Zhao ◽

Tyrie Goodman ◽

Mehdi Azimi ◽

Yi Qi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Traffic Safety ◽

Hot Spots ◽

Historical Data ◽

The United States ◽

Crash Risk ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Fatal Crashes ◽

Related Risk ◽

Police Reports

Since 1994, Texas has had the highest number of fatal crashes involving large trucks in the United States, and this number increased by 82% from 2009 to 2012. Due to the size and weight of large trucks, their crashes usually are very destructive. Although large trucks have a significant impact on traffic safety in Texas, very little analysis has been conducted of the risk factors associated with crashes involving large trucks, especially the roadway-related risk factors. In this paper, the results of a collision-diagram-based analysis are presented for selected areas in Texas where frequent crashes of large trucks occur. First, historical data related to large truck crashes from 2011 through 2015 were extracted and entered into ArcGIS to identify areas within a 0.5-mi radius of where large truck crashes occur frequently, which were named hot spots. Then, based on the results of the identified hot spots, we identified hot areas, that is, areas with clusters of hot spots. Police reports of all of the crashes that occurred in the selected hot areas were then reviewed, and collision diagrams were developed. By analyzing all of the collision diagrams that were developed, five roadway-related risk factors were identified, and potential effective countermeasures were proposed to prevent or mitigate crashes involving large trucks.

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Where to Ride? An Explorative Study to Investigate Potential Risk Factors of Personal Mobility Accidents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18030965 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 965

Author(s):

Jihun Oh ◽

Jeongseob Kim

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Crash Risk ◽

Personal Mobility ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Pedestrian Accidents ◽

Analysis System

As a mobility of future, the popularity of personal mobility vehicles (PMs) is rapidly increasing worldwide. However, this boom in the use of PMs has resulted in a substantial number of accidents involving not only PM users but also other road users including pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicle drivers. This study aims to explore the potential risk factors for the occurrence of PM-related accidents and the resulting injury severity using the Traffic Accident Analysis System (TAAS) of South Korea between 2017 and 2019. We found that PM–pedestrian accidents tend to occur on roads with wider sidewalks and bike lanes, possibly because the pedestrian–PM conflict increases in this road condition. There is still ongoing debate on whether it is appropriate for PMs to share the sidewalk with pedestrians. Some countries, including Korea, prohibit the use of PMs on sidewalks; however, in reality, this regulation is not well-observed because using PMs on roadways involves higher crash risk with motor vehicles. This study suggests one potential solution to ensure safety of PM users: expansion of bike lane infrastructure having physically separated bike lanes and sidewalks/motorways in addition to the formation and strict enforcement of appropriate safety rules for PM users.

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Risk factors for adverse outcomes in older adults with blunt chest trauma: A systematic review

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2017.377 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 614-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jake Sawa ◽

Robert S. Green ◽

Brent Thoma ◽

Mete Erdogan ◽

Philip J. Davis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

Blunt Chest Trauma ◽

Chest Trauma ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Rib Fractures ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Chest Wall Trauma

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe objective of this study was to systematically review the published literature for risk factors associated with adverse outcomes in older adults sustaining blunt chest trauma.MethodsEMBASE and MEDLINE were searched from inception until March 2017 for prognostic factors associated with adverse outcomes in older adults sustaining blunt chest trauma using a pre-specified search strategy. References were independently screened for inclusion by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. Where appropriate, descriptive statistics were used to evaluate study characteristics and predictors of adverse outcomes.ResultsThirteen cohort studies representing 79,313 patients satisfied our selection criteria. Overall, 26 prognostic factors were examined across studies and were reported for morbidity (8 studies), length of stay (7 studies), mortality (6 studies), and loss of independence (1 study). No studies examined patient quality of life or emergency department recidivism. Prognostic factors associated with morbidity and mortality included age, number of rib fractures, and injury severity score. Although age and rib fractures were found to be associated with adverse outcomes in more than 3 studies, meta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity amongst included studies in how these variables were measured.ConclusionsWhile blunt chest wall trauma in older adults is relatively common, the literature on prognostic factors for adverse outcomes in this patient population remains inadequate due to a paucity of high quality studies and lack of consistent reporting standards.

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