The impact of operational structure, lateral integrative mechanisms and control mechanisms on intra-MNE knowledge transfer

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Persson
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operational Structure

The influence of behavioural and organisational characteristics on the success of international strategic alliances

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleema Kauser ◽  
Vivienne Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Alliance Performance ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
International Strategic Alliances ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

With the current trend toward globalisation and the increasing competitive and technological challenges of today's environment the formation of international strategic alliances has become an important part of many firm's international business strategies. Experience with international strategic alliances has shown that they face a number of problems, which can often result in the termination of the alliance. This study, therefore, aims to assess the impact of both behavioural and organisational characteristics on the success of international strategic alliances. The results show that behavioural characteristics play a more significant role in explaining overall alliance performance compared to organisational characteristics. High levels of commitment, trust, coordination, interdependence and communication are found to be good predictors of international strategic alliance success. Conflict, meanwhile, is found to hamper good performance. By contrast organisational characteristics such as structure and control mechanisms are found not to strongly influence the success of international strategic alliances.

scholarly journals The impact of British public opinion on women’s relationships with American GIs in Gloucestershire 1942-1946.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Abigail Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Sexual Agency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Women's Relationships ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The main focus of this study is to determine the impact of public opinion on women’s relationships with American GIs in Gloucestershire 1942-1946. This involves understanding the scope of the relationships that were had and how race determined the way women who fraternised with US troops were portrayed to the public. Its primary aim is to provide new understanding of a subject that is under researched in Gloucestershire. Much attention has been given to the presence and impact of American soldiers in the Britain during the Second World War. However, no study has directly focused on Gloucestershire. This thesis also aims to understand if public opinion regarding women’s relationships with American soldiers impacted their sexual agency. Two main methods are used, the textual analysis of primary sources and the use of oral history accounts. The research reveals that sexual relationships with American soldiers added to the existing apprehension that surrounded female sexuality. Many local women had relationships with American soldiers, which aggravated some members of the public and the local authorities, especially if the soldier was black. Young working-class girls and women were particularly singled out for their immoral behaviour towards the US troops. The research also reveals that women in Gloucestershire expressed indifference and defiance towards the often-disapproving public opinion and control mechanisms implemented to influence the sexual agency of women. This thesis contributes to women’s history in Gloucestershire, uncovering a period of the county’s history that until now has not been researched.

scholarly journals A Perturbation Platform System for Balance Testing and Rehabilitation Interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Pew ◽  
Soroosh Sadeh ◽  
Richard R. Neptune ◽  
Hao-Yuan Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Single Mode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Balance Testing ◽  
Portable System ◽  
Platform System ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Falling is a leading cause of injury and death in the United States. Researchers and clinicians strive to identify and rehabilitate those at risk of falling in order to mitigate the impact of fall events and prevent future falls. Recently, perturbation-based balance testing and interventions have received increased attention, partly because reactive postural control responses triggered by perturbations are important for balance recovery during actual falls. However, current systems are limited by the need for multiple individuals to operate the device, downtime between trials to reset the perturbation and/or single mode functionality. To this end, we have developed a Perturbation Platform System that can induce perturbations in both vertical and angled directions. Results The system consists of two box platforms that can individually perform straight (25.4 mm, 50.8 mm and 76.2 mm) and angled (5°, 10°, and 15°) height changes while an individual is standing or walking overground. In addition, the system can automatically reset to the original position following perturbation. The platform achieves peak downward accelerations of 5.41 m/s2 during drop events that simulate sudden changes in foot-contact surfaces. Conclusions The novel system can be used in a laboratory setting to better understand balance response and control mechanisms. In addition, this portable system can be used in a clinical or home setting to provide perturbation-based balance exercises that aim to improve balance and mobility.

scholarly journals Connected Play in Virtual Worlds: Communication and Control Mechanisms in Virtual Worlds for Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Yao Du ◽  
Thomas D. Grace ◽  
Krithika Jagannath ◽  
Katie Salen-Tekinbas
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Multiplayer Games ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Platform Comparison ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Technology plays an essential role in shaping youth’s communication and social interactions in online multiplayer games. Due to physical distancing restrictions during the COVID-19 global pandemic, online multiplayer games like Minecraft and Roblox are well-positioned to amplify healthy communication/social connections and mitigate the impact of social isolation. Research so far has been focused on how these gaming environments support youth development from the perspectives of individual stakeholders (e.g., caregivers, educators, designers, and developers). However, features of these games, such as communication and parental controls, are often misaligned with the ways in which children develop communication and social skills. Using a series of case studies of popular virtual worlds and online games, this paper provides an analysis of critical design features that serve youth throughout different stages of childhood and early adolescence. We offer three main contributions: (a) a comparison matrix of similarities and differences in communication and control features between platforms; (b) an evaluation of design features in selected virtual world platforms that promote safe and positive social interactions; and (c) a method for cross-platform comparison aimed at helping researchers, designers, and practitioners examine specific dimensions of social communication and play experience in virtual worlds.

Managing knowledge transfer in MNCs: the impact of headquarters control mechanisms

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingmar Björkman ◽  
Wilhelm Barner-Rasmussen ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Molecular and Environmental Regulation of Root Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 465-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Motte ◽  
Steffen Vanneste ◽  
Tom Beeckman
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

In order to optimally establish their root systems, plants are endowed with several mechanisms to use at distinct steps during their development. In this review, we zoom in on the major processes involved in root development and detail important new insights that have been generated in recent studies, mainly using the Arabidopsis root as a model. First, we discuss new insights in primary root development with the characterization of tissue-specific transcription factor complexes and the identification of non-cell-autonomous control mechanisms in the root apical meristem. Next, root branching is discussed by focusing on the earliest steps in the development of a new lateral root and control of its postemergence growth. Finally, we discuss the impact of phosphate, nitrogen, and water availability on root development and summarize current knowledge about the major molecular mechanisms involved.

scholarly journals Compliance with Building Material Specifications among Informal Skilled Construction Workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-91
Author(s):  
Samwel Alananga Sanga
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Quality Checks ◽  
Positive Attribute ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Informal construction workers rarely comply with Building Material Specifications (BMSs) due to incompetence emanating from knowledge gaps, cost reduction strategies among clients, poor material use and lack of quality checks and control mechanisms. Based on logistic regression model results on the relationship between compliance and knowledge transfer on BMSs, this study has noted a mismatch between informal knowledge transfer practices and compliance with BMSs during construction. This mismatch is partly attributed to inappropriate knowledge transfer on BMSs. Compliance with BMSs is mainly driven by appropriate knowledge transfer and trainer-trainee agreement for effective knowledge transfer. The "carrots and sticks" approaches to enforcing compliance with BMSs among informal craftsmen have marginal effect on the ultimate compliance behaviour of craftsmen. The conclusion is that although social capital through social network is considered useful for knowledge transfer it does little to induce internalisation of knowledge on BMSs leading to non-compliance. That is, positive attribute of knowledge transfer may not necessary yield positive compliance levels. However, since this argument is strongly tied to compliance as measured along instrumental, normative and constraints dimension, it may slightly change in an environment where habits and routine have a major role to play in construction practices.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Urban Development and Control Mechanisms in Selected Nigerian Cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barnabas W. Qurix ◽  
Lawrence C. Edomwonyi-Otu ◽  
Danjuma Jise
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Development Control ◽  
Systems Security ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The paper makes a critical assessment of urban development in Nigeria against the backdrop of a rapidly changing population and growth rate. The Authors interrogated the effects of development control- mechanisms through the lenses of identified social anomalies in three selected pilot cities of Nigeria (Kaduna, Abuja FCT, and Lagos). Thematic areas examined include, the state of critical infrastructure, population dynamics, urban sprawl, city polarization, transportation, waste management systems, security/crime and economics. The Authors identified structural transformation of three Nigerian cities with focus on the causes and attendant consequences on urban development. The study found that urban growth has over-stretched the state of critical infrastructure in the cities and the mechanisms of development control seem ineffective in stemming unregulated growth, compromises and unplanned ‘development’. The paper noted that the impact of these developments has overstretched the state of critical infrastructure with far-reaching consequences. The authors conclude with some recommendations for strategic planning and sustainable development strategies aimed at mitigating the problems of urban development in Nigeria.

The Influence of Institutional Differences on Control Mechanisms in Alliances

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei ZENG ◽  
Anne M Lillis ◽  
Jennifer Grafton ◽  
Henri C. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Alliance Partner ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Formal Controls ◽  
The Impact

Cross-border alliances expose firms to heightened risks, posing different governance and control challenges than domestic alliances. We examine the impact of differences in alliance partner countries' institutional environments. Analysis of survey data supports our contention that cross-border alliances involve a greater reliance on formal controls, particularly when firms collaborate with partners in countries with a weaker institutional environment. These relations exist regardless of governance structure (i.e., equity or nonequity alliance) that prior research considers a critical choice for addressing cross-border alliance risks. Additional analyses show that four sub-dimensions of institutional characteristics (voice and accountability, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption) and one sub-dimension of formal controls (behavior controls) are the main drivers in the association between institutional distance and reliance on formal controls. These findings demonstrate the distinct impact of institutional environment as a country-level determinant of alliance control choices.

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